Esimaphakathi: CSS-layout

Lapho isakhiwo kwekhasi Ngokuvamile kuye kudingeke wenze igxile CSS-ndlela: isibonelo, ukuze ubeke phakath unit main. Kukhona izixazululo eziningana ukuba le nkinga, ngamunye okuzokwenza ngokushesha noma kamuva kufanele asebenzise noma iyiphi coder.

Qondanisa umbhalo ukugxilisa

Ngokuvamile i-zokuhlobisa ufuna ukusetha umbhalo igxile, CSS kuleli cala, ukunciphisa isikhathi ukunqunywa. Ngaphambili lokhu kwakwenziwa usebenzisa HTML-izimfanelo, kodwa manje kwamazinga adingekayo ukuze uqondanise umbhalo ishidi isitayela. Ngokungafani block ofuna ukushintsha ukupheda zangaphandle CSS ukuqondanisa umbhalo phakathi senziwa umugqa owodwa:

• umbhalo-Qondanisa: isikhungo;

Le mpahla luthathwe wadlula sisuka kumzali siye kuzo zonke izingane. Kuthinta hhayi kuphela umbhalo kodwa futhi kwezinye izakhi. Ngenxa yale njongo, kufanele ibe nezinhlamvu ezincane (isib, span) noma umugqa-block (nobe nguwaphi emabhuloki acacisa isibonisi impahla: block). Inketho yokugcina futhi ikuvumela ukuba ushintshe ububanzi nobude timphawu, ngaphezulu ukumisa nezimo we indentation.

Amakhasi ngokuvamile qondanisa imfanelo ukuze yena ithegi. Lokhu ngokushesha kwenza ikhodi engavumelekile, kusukela W3C wavuma ngemfanelo Qondanisa akusebenzi. Ukusebenzisa ke ekhasini is hhayi Kunconywa.

block esimaphakathi

Uma ufuna ukusetha umgwaqo div phakathi, CSS banganikeza ngempela ngendlela ukhululekile: ukusetshenziswa yangaphandle ukupheda wekhasi. Padding kungenziwa esibekiwe njengoba izakhi block, futhi umugqa-block. Svoysva inani kufanele libe 0 (ukupheda mpo), futhi auto (indentation othomathikhi nendawo):

• margin: 0 auto;

Manje le ndlela yaziwa njengenye ngokuphelele evumelekile. Ukusebenzisa ukupheda yangaphandle futhi ikuvumela ukuba usethe umgwaqo nendawo: CSS-margin impahla kusivumela ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi ezihlobene ne-elementi ukuma phezu ikhasi.

Ukuhambisana kwe onqenqemeni kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla block

Ngezinye izikhathi CSS-ndlela akudingi ukuqondanisa isikhungo, kodwa kuyadingeka ukubeka elilandelayo amabhlogo amabili, eyodwa kusukela ohlangothini lwesobunxele futhi elinye - ukusuka kwesokudla. Ngenxa yalokhu kukhona impahla iflothi, okungathatha omunye amagugu ezintathu: kwesokunxele, kwesokudla noma akekho. Ake sithi une amabhlogo amabili okufanele abekwe ngapha nangapha. Khona-ke ikhodi simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• .left {iflothi: kwesokunxele;}
• .Chofoza {iflothi: kwesokudla}

Uma kukhona block lwesithathu, okumele itholakala ngaphansi lokuqala amabhlogo amabili (isib unyaweni), khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuze ubhalise sici ecacile:

• .left {iflothi: kwesokunxele;}
• .Chofoza {iflothi: kwesokudla}
• unyaweni {ecacile: kokubili}

Iqiniso lokuthi emabhuloki ne amakilasi ngokuwa kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele aphume ukugeleza Imininingwane, okungukuthi, zonke ezinye izinto indiva kakhulu ukuba khona izakhi ahambelana. Impahla ecacile: kokubili ivumela unyaweni block noma yimuphi omunye ebonakalayo ukugqashuka kusukela ukugeleza amaseli bese sivimbela ukugoqa (entantayo) ku kokubili kwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Ngakho-ke, ngo-isibonelo sethu, onyaweni is abangenamakhaya phansi.

ukuqondanisa okumile

Kukhona amacala lapho akwanele ukusetha umgwaqo maphakathi CSS-izindlela, kumelwe futhi ushintshe isikhundla mpo block ingane. Noma yimuphi umugqa noma umugqa-block isici kungaba yayicindezele onqenqemeni ephezulu noma ephansi, elise phakathi engokoqobo engumzali noma ibe indawo ngokungenasizathu. Ngokuvamile zidinga ukuqondanisa maphakathi block, lisebenzisa mpo-Qondanisa ngemfanelo. Ake sithi kukhona amabhlogo amabili, eyodwa izidleke ngaphakathi kwezinye. Kulesi iyunithi zasendlini - irowu-block isici (bonisa: uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi-block). Kuyadingeka ukuze lungise mpo block ingane:

• ukuqondanisa yomngcele engenhla - .child {mpo-Qondanisa: phezulu};
• igxile - .child {mpo-align: middle};
• umgwaqo emaphethelweni phansi - .child {mpo-Qondanisa: phansi};

Ngezinye izakhi block alalelwayo umbhalo-Qondanisa, noma mpo-Qondanisa asisebenzi.

izinkinga zingenzeka amayunithi Kuqondaniswe

Ngezinye izikhathi div qondanisa maphakathi CSS-ndlela kungabangela inkathazo encane. Ngokwesibonelo, uma usebenzisa iflothi: ngokwesibonelo, kukhona amabhlogo ezintathu: .Okokuqala, .Okwesibili futhi .Okwesithathu. Amabhulokhi lesibili nelesithathu amanga kuqala. Into kanye nesigaba sesibili kwesokunxele-kuqondaniswe, futhi esibayeni sekugcina - ngakwesokudla. Ngemva aligning ezimbili kwehla kusukela emfudlaneni. Uma engokoqobo engumzali akachaziwe ukuphakama (isib, 30em), ke kuyophela yokwelula ukuphakama osizayo amayunithi. Ukuze ugweme leli phutha, sebenzisa "spacer" - uphiko oluyisipesheli, okuyinto ubona .Okwesibili futhi .Okwesithathu. CSS-ikhodi:

• .Okwesibili {ukuntanta: kwesokunxele}
• .Okwesithathu {iflothi: kwesokudla}
• .clearfix {ukuphakama: 0; esicacile: kokubili;}

mbumbulu ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa: emva, eyenza ukubuyela emabhuloki endaweni ngokwakha psevdorasporki (kulesibonelo ku div nge class amanga ngaphakathi esitsheni yakhiwa .left .Okokuqala futhi .Chofoza):

• .left {iflothi: kwesokunxele}
• .Chofoza {iflothi: kwesokudla}
• .container: ngemva {okuqukethwe: ''; isibonisi: etafuleni; esicacile: kokubili;}

Izinketho ngenhla - okuvame kakhulu, nakuba kukhona okuthile. Ungahlala uthola indlela elula nengcono kakhulu ukwakha psevdorasporki ngokukwenza.

Enye inkinga njalo nazo layout - ukuqondanisa izakhi umugqa-block. Ngemva ngamunye wabo Isikhala yengezwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Sithobele kusiza impahla wekhasi, okuyinto kuchazwa yi-indentation ezimbi. Kunezinye izindlela, ezisetshenziswa kancane njalo, isibonelo, setha kabusha usayizi wefonti. Kulokhu, izakhiwo engokoqobo engumzali nerejista usayizi wombhalo: 0. Uma etholakala ngaphakathi amabhlogo umbhalo, property izakhi umugqa-block senibuyele oyifunayo usayizi wefonti. Ngokwesibonelo, usayizi wombhalo: 1em. Le ndlela ngaso sonke isikhathi esikahle, ngakho kakhulu ngokuvamile ngaphezulu wasebenzisa inguqulo nge eziseceleni zangaphandle.

Ukuqondanisa Blocks ikuvumela ukudala amakhasi amahle futhi zisebenza: kusakhiwo jikelele futhi isakhiwo kanye indawo izimpahla ezitolo, nezithombe esizeni encane.