Gothic rose bokwakha

Rose Iwindi ngokuvamile sibhekisela yigama echaza buyinto yezakhiwo ezifana round iwindi. Ngokuvamile, lihlotshiswe ingilazi ibala. Igama elithi "Gothic Rose" is ikakhulukazi yaziwa abantu bakhona njenge- ezidumile ikakhulukazi le ndlela kwaba inkathi Gothic izakhiwo.

incazelo emfushane

Ngokokuqala ngqá ibinzana "rose-window" yavela ngekhulu XVII wayehlobene Gothic round iwindi ngokuvamile utholakala kwi mbumbulu we Gothic namasonto Romanesque. Leli gama le ndlela yezakhiwo kwakubangelwa ukufana "multileaf" ingilazi ziyalingana futhi ingcoliswe amaNgisi rose, ngaphansi kwayo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi zasendle ibeke rose imbali.

Rose Gothic izakhiwo kuyinto ikakhulukazi nobuntu isitayela Gothic, kodwa akugcini ngabo. Round amafasitela babonakala ekwakhiweni amathempeli, amasonto kanye nezinye izinhlaka kusukela endulo, eNkathini Ephakathi futhi ikakhulukazi phakathi Gothic Revival. Yingakho ewindini elikhulu nxazonke ukuma yesikhukhula itholakala kuwo wonke umhlaba ezakhiweni ezihlukahlukene, ubudala nezitayela.

umsuka

Izimpande gothic rose emuva LamaRoma Oculus - umgodi elikhulu eliyindilinga, yakhelwe ukuvumela e hhayi ukukhanya kuphela, kodwa futhi emoyeni egumbini. I Oculus edume kakhulu itholakala LamaRoma onkulunkulu, khona kanye phezulu Dome. Esikhathini izakhiwo yobuKristu futhi WaseByzantium ekuseni emhlabeni Oculus esetshenziswa noma esiqongweni Dome, noma gables ongaphakeme. ngetshe round iwindi Uhlaka wabonakala endulo, kodwa ezahlukeneyo ezingavamile ezisekhona kuze kube izikhathi zethu. Ngokuphathelene iphethini weJiyomethri rose, ukuba wayehlonishwa kakhulu ithuthukiswe le KaMose wamaRoma.

Izitayela nezinhlobo

Iwindi-Rose kuyinto izinhlobo eziningana, phakathi okuyizo main ezine:

• Oculus - kakhulu elula round iwindi ngaphandle ngibopha sibalo. ISIBONELO Roman onkulunkulu.
• Simple Rose - umbuthano maphakathi, okuyinto zitholakala emaphethelweni lwaleli ngesimo amacembe. Isibonelo: "Iso Umphathi" e Lincoln Cathedral.

• Wheel - round iwindi nge spokes izinhlangothi zazo ziyalingana. Catherine ubizwa nangokuthi rose behlonipha St. Catherine, ngubani wahlushwa leli sondo. Isibonelo: Cathedral of Lucera, Italy.
• Gothic rose - round iwindi nge umklamo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuvamile ehlotshiswe ingilazi ibala. Ngokubukeka sifana rose wequbula. Isibonelo: Notre Dame de Paris.

Yiqiniso, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zama-rose Gothic, isibonelo, okusaqanda kanye okweqanda amafasitela baraque, kodwa izinhlobo ezibalwe ngenhla yiwona Balisebenzisa kakhulu.

usayizi iwindi

Ekuqaleni, amafasitela amancane kancane kancane babesuke Romanesque kuya Gothic. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Gothic rose waqala ukuba luthathe isikhala bayanda phezu mbumbulu zezakhiwo, enika kalula izakhiwo itshe. Ngemva kokuphothulwa Notre Dame Cathedral , lezi amafasitela cishe sekube iyingxenye ebalulekile isitayela yezakhiwo, okuningi ngendlela efanayo njengoba amakholomu, amafasitela arched futhi buttresses flying. Nokho, uma iqhathaniswa ukuqhubeka lolu hlobo rose amafasitela edumile Notre Dame Cathedral - hhayi screen enkulu, ikakhulu lapho uqhathaniswa ne odongeni lwendlu olungaphambili Chartres noma St Denis.

Umlando kanye nokuthuthukiswa Gothic Rose

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umsuka rose-amafasitela kugxilile endulo, ifomu walo wanamuhla futhi ukuthandwa iye yazuza sibonga izakhiwo Gothic, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukulandela ukuthuthukiswa yaleli fomu enkathini ekuseni Gothic ukuze wesimanje.

• Early gothic elinesimo ifomu elula of a rose, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa isondo isakhiwo nomumo ecacile Jomethri: tindilinga, bocalantsatfu netikwele. Lesi sitayela khona kakhulu ngesikhathi Gothic Revival, cishe ngenxa lula nokuphumelela kwaleso sembatho.
• isitayela High Gothic elinesimo ukwenza lemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka nge eziningi okuthunyelwe nokuhlukana, bobunjwa eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi ibala ingilazi izingoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, saqala ukwanda kanye ubukhulu rose, ziye zaba kukhishelwa lonke lwaleli kwethempeli transverse.
• Gothic Flamboyant libhekene amaphethini florid efana amalangabi, kungakho igama. Lokhu kuthambekela kwaba ngokucacile round amafasitela isitayela kumiswa isikhathi. Amaphethini efana amagatsha Twine nemivini ukuqoqa Latin S, ukuhlobisa Gothic namabala. Rosa ngenye akuhlukile kangako abobunjwa yabo nosayizi.
• Renaissance kwahluka isifiso sokuba nivuthulule "grayness" we yobumnya- ngakho cishe zonke izakhi Gothic awasasetshenziswa ngenkuthalo, esikhundleni sayo kwafakwa uHlelo zabuna. Nokho, Rose wathola nqubekela ngesimo Oculus elula, ngezinye izikhathi wawuhlotshiswe mbumbulu izakhiwo kanye domes kwesikhathi Renaissance.
• Baroque ibhizinisi ukushintsha ukuma rose, elusa amafasitela okusaqanda nge design elula neshaya emhloleni, ngokuvamile ngokuphelele ngaphandle ingilazi ibala.

Bokwakha yesimanje, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa isitayela elula futhi kube lula ka Oculus. Ngaphandle Gothic Revival, esikhathini Art Nouveau Gothic rose waba okunethezeka yezakhiwo kanye rarity.

kufanekisa

Ngesikhathi isihloko isithombe Gothic namabala ingilazi rose avame Suku Ehlulelo. Gothic rose ibekwe ku-lwaleli phezu emnyango entshonalanga ethempelini, okuyinto wakwazi ukukhonza njengephayona isizathu ngokukhetha isihloko, ngoba odongeni entshonalanga ngokuvamile abazinikezele ukuba isihloko Lokwahlulela Zokugcina.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-rose kwaqala ukuvela emaphaseshi, lapho okungenani omunye wabo sanikezelwa Virgin Mary. Ukuxhumana Gothic rose uphawu Umama kaKristu kusekelwa yiqiniso lokuthi uMariya ngokuvamile kubizwa nge "Mystic Rose" futhi uyasho ubunjalo baso - zasendle rose imbali. Nokho, izimpawu ezinjalo wabonakala isikhathi eside ngaphambi ibhokisi eyabizwa ngokuthi i-rose.