Uyini umthamo kagesi?

Ngokuvamile esikoleni izifundo physics uthisha echaza ugesi kuncike yakhetha ukuqhathanisa kagesi phezu ukugeleza kwamanzi. Ezimweni eziningi, nakuba ayengafiki ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuze kwenziwe lula ukuqonda izinqubo, ukuqhathanisa okunjalo kwamukelekile ngempela. Eqinisweni, ngisho igama elithi "zamanje" lisetshenziswa ngokuphathelene uketshezi. Futhi iyini umthamo? Lena esinye sezici mayelana nale ndaba, ikhono lawo uqukethe okuthile. Ngokwesibonelo, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi amabhange nomthamo 3 amalitha. Ngokusobala, inani lamanzi zanqwabelana kuyinto encike ngqo kwi tonnage bomkhumbi. Ngakho, uma uthatha amabhakede ezimbili, isibonelo, 8 no-12 amalitha, ukuphakama bayalingana, futhi umehluko kuphela ububanzi. Umqondo "umthamo kagesi" kulo mongo kuyafana. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye nemingcele ezinomthelela umthamo - usayizi ke sika. umthamo kagesi (E.E.) - ikhono buthelela nokugcina ethile ugesi. Noma iyiphi impahla conductive has a EE ezithile, okuyinto incike nemingcele eziningana. Ukubuthelela lokushaja kungenzeka lapho kungekho kungenzeka ukuchichima kwenye into kokuba umthamo ephakeme.

Umthamo kagesi kungenziwa esashiwo ifomula, okuyinto uyakucabangela ikhono buthelela kwenkokhiso (ezingaba - v) futhi inani ophethe (q). Designated «c» uhlamvu:

c = q / v

capacitance Electric ulinganiswa farads. Nokho, njengoba le ubuningi libanzi, ezifundeni yesimanje yama-computer neyama-micro-PF ngokwethukela kusetshenziswa kakhulu. iziqukathi elikhulu zisetshenziswe kuphela amadivayisi athile futhi izibalo. Ngakho, isiqalo "micro Pico 'ayalingana 1 * 10 -6 futhi -12 degrees. Izinqubo kungenziwa kalula okwachazwa wodwa kanjani umthamo kagesi umqhubi.

Cabanga umqhubi, okuyinto non-conductive naphakathi zamanje, lapho kungekho ensimini zangaphandle. Ixhume ku- umthombo wamandla. Ezinye electron ingena isakhiwo indaba, ukudala umthamo ngokweqile, okungukuthi, wonke la macala ongenza umsebenzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (ukwakha iluphu). Basuke basakaza ebusweni nge kwabantu ezithile incike ukucushwa kwezendawo umqhubi kanye Ubukhulu bayo. Duzane iphuzu ngalinye icala likhona inkambu kagesi ukuthi ithinta zonke ezinye izingxenye umqhubi. Neqiniso lokuthi umbhidisi engayodwa kuyinto ngokulingana ngqo ukukhokha. Isilinganiso icala (q) abangahle (Fi) zicatshangelwe umqhubi njalo ngoba incike kuphela usayizi (usayizi, umumo) futhi Coefficient we njalo Kwe-dielectric Heating medium. Kusibonelo akusiyo ize wabonisa wamazwe ngedwa. Uma kukhona eduze kwayo kwezinye izidumbu, emkhakheni kagesi iyunithi namacala uzobe eyenga e ezungezile emizimbeni bezikhali uphawu obuhlukile, ezithinta ukubaluleka kokugcina (okuyinto ezincane).

I element elula usebenzisa izakhiwo buthelela kagesi - kuba capacitor. Siqukethe babashayeli amabili ahlukaniswe impahla Kwe-dielectric Heating. Sici Its wukuthi elakhiwe ensimini kagesi "ezihambisana" phakathi electrode (izingxenye babashayeli aphikisanayo) futhi cishe akukho nomphumela emzimbeni ezizungezile, futhi ngenxa yalokho, bezikhali umsebenzi wangaphandle awasaphazwa.

Khulisa umthamo ngezindlela eziningana:

• ukunciphisa igebe phakathi electrode. Endless ukunciphisa akunakwenzeka, njengoba kungase kube isampula-non-conductive, okubangela ukulahleka hha;
• khetha izinto okungezona conductive nge high ukumelana ukuwohloka;
• ukwandisa endaweni amapuleti. Ukuze alondoloze Ubukhulu omuhle capacitor ngokuvamile ukushintsha ilungiselelo kwezendawo amapuleti. Ngokwesibonelo, abaqhubi ezimbili okokusonteka ku izindandatho ahlukaniswe yisivikelo.