ESistine Chapel - kuyinto ... lo eSistine Chapel e Vatican

Chapel - esontweni encane, anikezelwe amalungu omndeni owodwa, izakhamuzi inqaba noma isigodlo. I-Russian ulimi igama elithi "indlwana" ngezinye izikhathi elihunyushwa ngokuthi "indlwana", kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Ngo Chapel akukho altare, abanye amasakramente kungabe kwenziwe. Nakuba yesonto ibandla eligcwele nazo zonke izimfanelo. I eSistine Chapel e Vatican - izakhiwo edume kunazo yalolu hlobo.

Umlando sokudalwa

I eSistine Chapel lakhiwa iminyaka engamashumi amane 1475-1483 by oda uPapa Sixtus IV ogama lakhe linikeza ubufakazi kuze kube yilolu suku. Lokhu Upapa kwaba sibalo edidayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi nokubusa kwakhe zenkohlakalo kudlangile nokufumbathisa, yilapho-ke laqanjwa Zamacala Ezihlubuki zangeNkathi Ephakathi, futhi owokuqala zomphakathi ukushiswa izihlubuki.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuba idume kokuba wakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa isayensi ubuciko. Wathuthela sokuhlala kopapa Vatican City, futhi kukhulu akufeza wokubuyiselwa nokwenziwa ngcono eRoma. On isinyathelo sakhe, zatholwa umtapo kanye Museum weningi wokuqala emhlabeni, futhi lakha eSistine Chapel, yemikhosi ebaluleke kakhulu eSontweni LamaKatolika. Kuleli qophelo, futhi manje uya conclave abefundisi kukhethwa uPapa.

Isixazululo yezakhiwo

Esikhathini amandla xv ekhulwini ophakathi kweziqu zenkolo kohulumeni bezwe abazange bahlukaniswe ngokuphelele, ngezinye izikhathi izibhelu ahlomile. Ngaphandle amakholwa evamile, eshayelwa kakhulu izintela prohibitively okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngezinye izikhathi bona onesibindi ukuveza intukuthelo yakhe obala. Kule ndaba, Wopapa uyasifuna yokukhosela ekhethekile eVatican, lapho kungathatha isiphephelo enkantolo yakhe ezikhathini zeziyaluyalu futhi akuqinisekile.

Kulesi yisiphephelo ngesicelo Sixtus IV wazala eSistine Chapel. Lesi sakhiwo kusukela ngaphandle kwaba ukuthatha uhlobo inqaba, futhi lokubhalela agcizelele ubukhulu namandla we Sopapa.

Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga, ngamenywa umakhi osemusha waseFlorence Dzhovanni De Dolci. Wakha ekwakheni ukubukeka efana yindawo, futhi wengamela umsebenzi ngaphakathi umdwebo yasezindongeni.

ESistine Chapel - kuyinto isakhiwo elincane (nge endaweni Imininingwane 520 m²), singunxande, nge high (ukuphakama 21 m) esiyingelezini sezulu ophahleni. ngezabelo wayo, ngokuvumelana Sixtus IV, bafana ngezabelo edume ithempeli likaSolomoni lokuqala eJerusalema ethempelini.

The ingaphakathi umhlobiso

Ngo 1480 Sixtus IV wamema abadwebi edume kakhulu isikhathi sokudala yasezindongeni. Thina iqhaza emsebenzini Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Girlondayo, Luca Signorelli, Pietro Perugino kanye Pinturiko abasha.

kweminyaka emibili kwathatha umculi ukupenda izindonga yesonto. uqimba Ephakathi wathatha izithombe izigcawu kusukela Ukuphila kukaMose noJesu Kristu. Esikhathini uqimba phezulu, ezikhaleni phakathi amawindi, kwakungamadodana ekumeni zopapa wokuqala kusukela St Peter ukuba Marcellus I. uqimba engezansi isiko ushiywe uhlanganyela for zobungoma Upapa.

Ngenhla kwe-altare umsebenzi Perugino Umfanekiso "Assumption kaMariya". Ophahleni ihlobe isibhakabhaka sigcwele izinkanyezi. Lezi zici zaziwa kithi kuphela izincazelo, t. Ukuze. Ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka embalwa ngemva kokutholakala yesonto, sazo sivalwe ne eqoshiwe ngu Michelangelo.

Ithunzi lelambu we eSistine Chapel ngu Michelangelo

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVI phezu eSistine Chapel polotke ufa ukuthi egobhoza ubude balo lonke. UPapa uJulius II ngaphambilini ukumboza wakhe watshela Michelangelo ubesebenza ngalesi sikhathi phezu statues kuze ethuneni Upapa esizayo, amboze ophahleni nge nemidwebo.

Michelangelo Buonarroti, owazalelwa e-Abelana Ngonyaka eSistine Chapel (1475), in the 1508th kwakuyinqubo okwase kuyiminyaka umbuso umqophi abadumile. Kodwa Umdwebo omkhulu kwaba into engajwayelekile eningini kuye. Yena wayezama okusemandleni akhe ukuba sigweme lo msebenzi, kodwa uJuliyu II wakwazi ukugcizelela siqu sakhe. Ngakho, uthole ukubukeka kwakho siphelile abadumile eSistine Chapel. Incazelo, umlando ukudalwa nemidwebo bebelokhu isihloko ucwaningo ezizukulwane eziningi-mlando zezobuciko.

I Ingcenye ephakathi yesigaba ophahleni wathatha izigcawu 9 elandelanayo zeTestamente Elidala, phakathi kwabo "Kusukela Esikhathini SakaKhukhulamungu": "Welani", ukudalwa yesehlakalo abantu bokuqala (Adamu no-Eva), kanye nabanye. Along azungezwe umlobi zalezi nemidwebo ukuboniswa abaprofethi sibyls, futhi ezinhlangothini lwaleli - ungumhambeli likaJesu Kristu. izinhlamvu ezingaphezu kuka 300 ezaboniswa, okuyizinto namanje ukuba anqobe amandla aso nesihlalo ubuhle bangaphandle.

Abacwaningi namanje angeke eze kuveze ocacile salezi zithombe. Ezinye uwabone njengoba incazelo ethile yeBhayibheli, kuyilapho abanye - ngokuhumusha okusha izinhlamvu dantevskoy "Divine Comedy", nabanye bayaqiniseka ukuthi Michelangelo esethula izigaba yokwenyuka wesintu esonweni ukuze isimo bakudala tatanizma esiteji nokuphelela saphezulu.

I Umfanekiso "The Last Judgment"

22 Iminyaka Ngemva Michelangelo wamenywa emuva ukusebenza umhlobiso eSistine Chapel. Ngo-1534, uPapa uClement VII njengombusi wammisa ukupenda udonga ngaphezu kwe-altare. Umphumela waba Umfanekiso of "The Last Judgment", okuyinto a baxgeki wabiza enye ambitious kakhulu emlandweni yobuciko emhlabeni.

Ngalesi sikhathi, umculi ukuboniswa umuntu ababuthaka nabangenabani lapho sibhekene inhlekelele okuseduze. Kusukela inkolelo zangaphambili ubukhulu nobuhle abantu esehambile. Ngo yesehlakalo "Sokwahlulela" Ayikho ukuphila-evuma noma uhlamvu nobabazekayo.

Maphakathi ibekwe nguJesu. Kodwa ubuso bakhe esongelayo futhi njengomuzi ongangeneki. Izandla zakhe eba yiqhwa ukujezisa isenzo. Ubuso kwabaphostoli, uKristu azungeze nhlangothi zonke, futhi, zigcwele ulaka. Ngo zikuthwale ngezandla ubambe zomculo sokuhlushwa azimhambeli kahle kunazo zonke kubantu ababi ngobuso phambi kwabo.

Late imidwebo dorisovki nemisebenzi sokubuyiselwa

ESistine Chapel - lesikhumbuzo elikhulu kunawo wonke ubuciko nenqwaba Yempucuko. Kodwa izichibiyelo kamuva kanye nemidwebo ezengeziwe iwubufakazi ezingokomlando ezibalulekile.

Scene "uSuku Lokwahlulela" ezele emizimbeni nqunu zisuka kwathathwa abefundisi ambiguously. de Volterra amboze izitho zangasese kuboniswe izibalo nolwelwe, futhi Clement VIII nabo bonke ngaphambilini ukubhubhisa Umfanekiso - Kuyaziwa ukuthi uPapa Paul IV ngaphambilini Umfundi Michelangelo ezaziwayo. Londoloza kwaba kuphela ngokusebenzisa lokulabhela abaculi. Kwenziwa imizamo ukuqedela nezingubo XVII-XVIII eminyaka.

Ngenxa yalokho, lapho ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XX, iqembu lezazi sekuqalile umsebenzi wokubuyisela phambi kwabo wema inkinga enkulu - iyiphi inguqulo ufuna ukubuyisela lo mdwebo. Kwanqunywa - shiya draperies, ukuze uqede de uVoltaire ekupheleni kwekhulu XVI, kanye nezinye izinguquko ukuze ususe.

Ngemva ukuhlanza nemidwebo ye insizi nothuli, baphinde bakhanya ezinemibala egqamile. Lokhu sekwenze kwaba lula ukubona isithombe ifomu lapha bekene eyabhalwa amakhosi amakhulu Yenguquko.

Umbuzo, yini indlwana, kumelwe kuphawulwe ukuthi isetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ubheke izakhiwo zenkolo. Chapel wayibiza indawo sesonto, lapho kuculwa, umculo noma ukucula Ensemble omculo ongcwele, noma ngisho isikhungo okhokhelwayo zomculo ezifana Academic Capella (Petersburg, Moika, 20).