Lo mkhumbi "-Olympic": indaba. "-Olympic," Titanic "" Britannicus "- liner enqamula

Lo mkhumbi "-Olympic" esiye sabhekana avelele eziningi. Ngesikhathi sethula kwaba umkhumbi ukuthi kubhekwa njengento nesimangaliso esisha emhlabeni. udumo lwakhe egqwalile phambi "Titanic" owawunesihloko sakhiwo lesifanako kanye ubonakele eminyakeni emibili kamuva, kodwa waminza e nohambo lokuqala kakhulu.

Class liner "-Olympic"

Kukhona isiko shipbuilding. Ngokusho kwakhe, lo elethiwa umkhumbi, kanye namaphrojekthi lapho iphathelene. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu abavamile ngokuvamile ukudida umkhumbi "-Olympic" we ekilasini efanayo ocean ethwala.

Sekube ezintathu. Eyokuqala kwakuyincwadi "-Olympic", elakhiwa ngo-1910. Owesibili kwaba yilona "Titanic", okuyinto eyaba emhlabeni odumile ngemuva iphahlazeke.

Umkhumbi wokugcina kulo ekilasini yabizwa ngokuthi "Britannic". Wabonakala ngosuku olwandulela kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala futhi ngokushesha waqala ukwenza nokwamasosha, kuhlanganise ethutha amasosha olimele. Ngemva izindiza amahlanu yimpumelelo iye basibukela phansi emayini German ngo-1916.

Shipbuilding umkhakha ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX

Phakathi nale minyaka, imikhumbi ezisetshenziswa umphakathi aseYurophu wasebenza ikakhulu ngenxa yokuthi enqoba amarekhodi entsha isivinini, kanye Amazing kakhulu imizila egandayiwe sokufinyelela eemfundeni ezikude. Atlantic Ocean ibaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili ngokuthi umzila, njengoba kukhona sihamba izitsha elikhula United States Europe emuva. Imithwalo ezibucayi kanye nenani elikhulu lezifiki. Olunye uphawu ebalulekile kwenkathi - ukubangisana okwandisa phakathi imibuso yezwe ngosuku olwandulela kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

inkampani lokuthumela British-White Star Line ukuthi uhlanga elahlekile. izimbangi zayo eziyinhloko namaJalimane nezinye nomkhiqizi English - Cunard Line. Lesi sakamuva waba umholi umkhakha kusukela ngisemsebenzini yayo olwandle wafika ezimbili ezintsha liner isizukulwane - ". Lusitania" "Mauritania" futhi Ayehlukile hhayi kuphela ezinkulu ngobukhulu, kodwa izimfanelo Fleet. "Lusitania" ngo-1907 waphula irekhodi ijubane emanzini Atlantic, awasalayo ukuzamukela ngisho eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-20.

Ngenxa yalokhu, i-tycoon Dzhon Morgan, owayeneminyaka umnikazi we-White Star Line wanquma muhle lo mncintiswano futhi usethe onjiniyela yakhe umsebenzi wokudala okuthile okukhulu ngempela. Kulesi msebenzi waba umkhumbi "-Olympic" futhi ezimbili ngokuthi "mfowethu" yakhe.

izici

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto imikhumbi, imikhumbi entsha kwahluka olukhudlwana. tonnage yabo Udlule tonnage okufanayo "Mauritania" ngesigamu. Lezi Ubukhulu abavunyelwe ukuthatha irekhodi ijubane, injini abengeke ezinikela izinsiza eziningi kakhulu.

Kunalokho, kuvunyelwene ukuthi igunya bomkhumbi entsha kuyoba okunethezeka yayo siyakhazimula. Enye inzuzo kubhekwa ephephile. Abaklami umangalele ukuthi sibonga imikhumbi entsha unsinkable ukuze isimiso linezingxenye eziningana. Uma ufa kuyoba izindlu, izikhukhula ingxenye encane nje kuphela emkhunjini azosiza uyigcine ingaziki.

Ukuqiniseka yaphenduka usizi. Uma "-Olympic" ngempela ngabhekana nobunzima izindiza, "Titanic" - uphawu umkhumbi - washona ngo uhambo lwakhe lokuqala kakhulu.

Engine okusha lusebenza ku boilers, futhi umthamo salo ayizinkulungwane 50 amahhashi. Lo mkhumbi equkethwe abagibeli 2435 bakhonza neqembu lakhe zabantu 860. Ubude babuyizingalo 269 m, ububanzi - amamitha 18. Lezi zinombolo crazy ngokushesha yabakhanga nabezindaba kanye nomphakathi wonkana ukuba iphrojekthi entsha. Ngokuphawulekayo, amatheku ubudala kwakungafanele ekulungele ukwamukela izitsha ezinjalo ezinkulu, ngenxa yalokho kwadingeka ukuba kabusha pier lapho wagijima umzila "-Olympic."

Inner liner izakhiwo zahlukaniswa amakilasi amathathu, kuncike solvency abagibeli. ekamelweni lokudlela ayebuthaka Special ezahlukene, okuyinto lwakhiwe kubantu abangaphezu kuka-500 futhi egumbini elikhulu lakulesi umkhumbi emhlabeni. Interiors ekilasini sokuqala kwaqala ngonyaka isitayela ezikhathini zanamuhla.

Ukuqalisa

Uhambo lokuqala luzoba ka liner wasukela British Southampton ukuba Cherbourg, France, owayeneminyaka laseNormandy. Kusuka lapho umkhumbi baphuthuma eNew York. Njengoba ukubhukuda ngokuyinhloko Sibhalwe uhlamvu kokuhlolwa, amatilosi ihlolwe nokwethenjelwa usability okuzikhulula eziningi ezintsha, ukusebenza umkhumbi. Kususelwa kule isipiliyoni, abaklami sethule izinguquko iphrojekthi olandelayo idivayisi ngokuthi "Titanic."

Eminyakeni yokuqala ukusebenza lwalulapho eziningi izigameko, okuyinto Nokho, babekhona alusilo ebulalayo ngokuba "-Olympic." emphakathini Wide wathola ukungqubuzana impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu liner "The Hawk". Nakuba lesi sigameko akekho sibulawe, Ukuqulwa kwecala kwaqala, ngenkuthalo wamboza cindezela.

Isizathu salokhu kwaba ukuthi "The Hawk" ingeyamakhosi imikhumbi isimo. White Star Line osolwa iphutha impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu nezisebenzi, kodwa inkantolo yakhipha isinqumo esivuna i-party ekuvikeleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, induna "-Olympic" Smith, utholwe enecala okungalungile-ukwenza, futhi inkampani waqala ukukhokha isinxephezelo kumnikazi.

Ngemva kokuwa "Titanic"

Uma ukusebenza kwe-"-Olympic" ngokuyinhloko kwakungenxa yimpumelelo, umkhumbi ekilasini lesibili yaphahlazeka e ngendiza yokuqala. idumela-White Star Line sika hung balance. Ukuze ukukholisa ukuphepha kwezokuthutha umphakathi, inkampani waqala kabusha kuhlomisa liner yayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi waqala ukudweba. Lokhu kwakubangelwa yokuthi akekho wafuna ukuhamba ngomkhumbi, ifakwe izikebhe efanayo okwakusemhlabathini "Titanic". Basuke hhayi kusungulwa ebusuku kwesibhamu eNyakatho ye-Atlantic kahle.

Izikebhe bathathelwe indawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami uthuthukiswe isitsha ngombala. Ngemva konyaka Ngokuwa esingumfanekiso 'yama-Olympic "wabuyela emuva US.

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala

Nokho, ukusetshenziswa "-Olympic" njengoba isitsha traffic sokuya empini akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa kokungqubuzana owaqala ngokuvukela Jalimane, uhulumeni waseBrithani requisitioned liner ukwenza oda wezempi.

Lo mkhumbi ngakhonza ngamazwe aseMedithera nase iye ifakwe wezikhali ezifanele. Sifihle yayiwukuvikela umkhumbi-ngwenya-German. Ngandlela-thile, kodwa "-Olympic" owakwazi ukusinda empini, ferrying ngempumelelo eyayilimele ezibhedlela. Lokhu kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso isimangaliso, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwesimo iwele "Britannica" futhi ukufa umgibeli, "Lusitania."

Ukuphela ukusebenza

Ngemva kwempi, umkhumbi wawusengozini futhi civil. Eminyakeni engu-30 umkhumbi "-Olympic" isivele kubhekwe isitsha nezobuchwepheshe akusebenzi. Ngakho-ke, kwaba yilowo indiza kwaba sobala ukuthi maduze kuyothiwa ukwesulwa laqaqwa. Khona-ke inkampani umnikazi ihlanganiswe ne Cunard Line.

indiza yakhe yokugcina "-Olympic" Wenza umzila evamile - kusuka Southampton okuya eNew York. Kwaba 257 travel giant. Noma yini bathi, ayenakho imali eshisiwe. Umlando umkhumbi wawususukile okude ngaphezu iwele lakhe - the lushone "Titanic" futhi "Britannicus" wagibela emayini.

Ngobusuku obandulela yokwehlukanisa ifenisha Scrap Metal of apholile namahholo, njengoba izinto eziyigugu kakhulu u endalini bese ethengisiwe ezihlukahlukene izikhungo upscale.

Ukuqhathanisa "Titanic"

Lokhu kuqhathanisa kusikisela uqobo. Abantu bavame ukubuza mayelana "-Olympic" (umkhumbi): "Okwenzeke kuye?". Vele efana "Titanic".

Mhlawumbe ukwazi kakhulu, eqinisweni, uma kungekhona ukuthi ezingaqondakali sifaniso wukuthi Edward Smith, owayeyilungu induna elibi lushone "Titanic", ngaphambi kokuba wayala "-Olympic." Kodwa wabe komunye liner enqamula. Njengoba ilungu elitheni abasebenzi inkampani. Kukholakala ukuthi wazibulala ngesikhathi ebona ukuthi lo mkhumbi omkhulu zaqala ukucwila esiphambekweni sakhe. "-Olympic" futhi "Titanic" akuyona ezahlukene kakhulu ngokubukeka. Umhlabathi abalulekile kuphela lapho kungenzeka ukuba baqonde ukuthi singobani, lokhu emphemeni A. "Titanic" waba ezicwebezelisiwe kule ndawo, kuyilapho "Olimik" lisavuliwe.

Kwakukhona umehluko omncane kungqalasizinda wokusabalalisa. Njengokuthi "Titanic" - besemkhunjini kanye cafe kwi emphemeni yesibili. I "-Olympic" enjalo isikhungo kule ndawo wayengekho.