Ethandwa kakhulu izilimi izinhlelo. Awezilimi Wabasaqalayo

Noma ubani enquma balukhulume izisekelo inqubo yokudala program e-computer, ukubuza imibuzo, okuyinto ethandwa kakhulu izilimi izinhlelo, futhi imiphi kungcono wafunda. Futhi uma umbuzo wokuqala okufanele aphendule kulula kakhulu, wesibili uyobheka impendulo umfundi ngesisekelo izinhlelo kanye nezidingo.

Ake sibheke kafushane ngesikhathi ethandwa kakhulu izilimi izinhlelo ukuze unike amandla ukuba ukhethe ezikhanga kakhulu futhi uzibekela ngokufunda ngakho.

Kuyini ulimi izinhlelo?

Ngaphambi ekubhekaneni izilimi izinhlelo main hlathulule, kubalulekile ukuqaqa umqondo uqobo.

Ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo - uhlelo uphawu esisemthethweni, esetshenziselwa ukubhala program e-computer. Njenganoma iyiphi enye ulimi, it has imithetho yayo lucebe, semantic futhi syntactic.

Ukwabela izilimi amazinga aphezulu futhi ongaphakeme lwezinhlelo. Namhlanje, lingama yesibili.

Ukuhlela izilimi amazinga aphezulu futhi ongaphakeme

Eliphansi ulimi lokwakha has a isakhiwo esifana ikhodi umshini isakhiwo. Kulokhu, ithimba eliqokiwe hhayi labo futhi amaqanda, futhi nge ngekhanda. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke ulimi lokwakha ongaphakeme - inhlangano ulimi.

Sebenza nge nganoma yiluphi ulimi kudinga nemakhono lasetulu, ukuqonda isakhiwo microprocessor, ngaphandle lokubhala izinhlelo kudinga isikhathi esiningi. Kulokhu, esebenzisa ongaphakeme, ungakha encane, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlelo ngempumelelo. program Novice akunconywa ukuqala kumngane wakhe nabo.

High-level izilimi izinhlelo zinezikhathi kwaqanjwa semantic ukuchaza imisebenzi. uphenyo yabo kuthatha isikhathi, futhi isicelo practice kudinga ukunakekelwa kanye nokuqonda izakhiwo eziyisisekelo futhi imithetho-syntax nolwazimagama. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ifa ulimi ephezulu ezingeni ikuvumela ukudala elikhulu, ezimibalabala, ekusebenziseni okuxubile amaphrojekthi ngesikhathi rekhodi.

Ukuze ezingeni lelisetulu ukukhathazeka Pascal, Java, C, C ++, C #, eDelphi nabanye abaningi. bajwayele ukubhala isofthiwe futhi izicelo.

Ethandwa kakhulu izilimi izinhlelo

Yiziphi ethandwa kakhulu izilimi izinhlelo namuhla?

Eminyakeni yamuva, i-ethandwa kakhulu futhi ziphoqa ezibhekwa eJava, C, C ++, Python, C #, okuyinto afakiwe eziqongweni izilimi izinhlelo. Bakha ngesisekelo izinhlelo yesimanje futhi zisetshenziswa uma ubhala iyiphi iphrojekthi enkulu. Bangaphezu kuka-70% we-program ukusebenza kwalezi zilimi. Kubikezelwa ukuthi iminyaka engu-10 ezayo basekuleso ngokufunwa, njengoba kunjalo nanamuhla.

Ayikho ngaphansi adumile kanye ne-Ruby, PHP, i-JavaScript. Iningi ochwepheshe futhi ligxile kubo.

Ngokuvamile, kungakhathaliseki udumo, yimuphi uchwepheshe ucishe self-ukuhlonipha kumele ukwazi okungenani ezimbalwa izilimi abasemazingeni ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iningi emikhulukazi ithuthukiswe ngezilimi ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye amamojuli zilotshiwe usebenzisa C, abanye in Java, futhi abanye benza in eDelphi.

C, C ++ futhi C #

Ukuze uqale, cabanga ozala Xi.

C ulimi kuhlanganiswa futhi luxhumanisa uyithayiphe. Lwakhiwe 70s. Ngezinye isisekelo sayo kamuva wadala izilimi ezifana C ++ futhi C #, Java.

C ++ - ulimi enamandla kuhloswe ukwakha kokubili Izinsiza eliphansi kanye nabashayeli, kanye izicelo umxhwele kakhulu futhi isofthiwe izinhlelo.

C # - ukwethulwa lolimi lwanamuhla into-ngamakhasimende esekelwe C ulimi futhi C ++. A izinhlobo uhlelo nokuvikeleka. Esinye sezici oluhlukanisa zakhe ukuthi kubuye kakhulu efana nezinye ulimi lokwakha ethandwa - Java.

Omunye amaphutha ulimi ukuthi ikuvumela ukudala izicelo ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-Windows, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, sinzima kakhulu, okusho ukuthi izinhlelo okulotshwe kuyo, hlala eziningi isikhala.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi okuningi C, C ++ futhi C # - uHlelo izilimi Wabasaqalayo. Njengoba yingcweti kubo, ungaqiniseka ukuthi ukufunda ulimi olusha kuthatha okungenani isikhathi.

Thola ukwazi kubo futhi ukubhala izicelo zabo kuqala kungahle imvelo olukhethekile Borland noma e-Visual Studio.

i-JavaScript

I-JavaScript - ulimi amakhono into-ngamakhasimende. It yasungulwa ngo-1996 futhi namuhla ingenye ethandwa kakhulu. Ulimi ikakhulu lisetjentiswe ekwakheni izikripthi kwi-inthanethi futhi isebenza kuziphequluli ezinkulu ezifana Internet Explorer, Firefox, I-Opera. Kuthiwa nguye futhi owenza Ihlobene ngokuseduze HTML futhi CSS, ngakho ngaphambi kokulungiselela ke, kumele ufunde izinto eziyisisekelo lezi zilimi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, naphezu ukufana egameni, i-JavaScript kanye Java - kukhona izilimi ezimbili ezihlukene ngokuphelele.

Lolu limi labo wagxila ekwakheni iziphequluli kanye nemininingwane, izicelo, kanye nezichibiyelo zayo. Uma uhlela ukwakha amasayithi abo, futhi kufanele simazi kangcono.

Java

Uma ucabangela ethandwa kakhulu izilimi izinhlelo, ingasaphathwa-Java. Lolu limi izinhlelo umgomo-ngamakhasimende, okuyinto eziphendulwa umoya zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-1995. Kulula kakhulu futhi isebenza kunoma iyiphi i-Java-umshini yanoma yimuphi izakhiwo. Isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android ne-iOS.

Python

Python - a ephezulu ezingeni ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo, umsebenzi kabani main - ukwandisa kunjiniyela ukukhiqiza, wenze ikhodi efundeka kalula. It has a uhlu elincane le-syntax futhi umxhwele kakhulu standard umtapo imisebenzi. ukuthuthukiswa kolimi kwaqala emuva ngo-90s futhi lusaqhubeka. Isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ezihlukahlukene amaphrojekthi, izandiso ukuhlanganiswa kwezicelo ngaphambilini athuthukile.

Izisekelo Python ulimi izifundo kokubili njengoba isiqalo for uHlelo, futhi ulimi lwesibili olwengeziwe.

Ruby

Ruby - ephezulu ezingeni ulimi lokwakha ukuthi singamelana nalobo ingxenye Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, u-Ada, futhi ukufefeza. Kwakuvamise kusukela ngo-1995. Izinzuzo esemqoka ulimi - alula nakalula. Ifanele ngokubhala izicelo amancane sokuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezinkulu.

PHP ulimi

PHP - ulimi sasivumela ethandwa ngokubhala imibhalo, eklanyelwe ukwakha isicelo web-based. Kaningi, futhi ubala "Izilimi Ukuhlela Wabasaqalayo" futhi watusa ukuba lolu cwaningo.

Ngalo ungakha eliphezulu web-izicelo ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ulimi olusetshenzisiwe isakhiwo elula futhi ecacile evumela ukuba silifunde e ngezinsuku ezimbalwa.

isiphetho

Siye ihlolwe ethandwa kakhulu izilimi izinhlelo, izifundo ozokusiza esikhathini esizayo ngempumelelo ukwakha amaphrojekthi akho bese uhola njengoba Unicode. Kungekho ukuvumelana mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo ulimi ukufunda, cha, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ochwepheshe uqaphele ukuthi kuyinto efiselekayo ukwazi kwezinye izilimi izinhlelo, njengoba lokhu esikhathini esizayo sizonwebisa mkhakha womsebenzi nokwenza kubelula ukusebenza ku ezihlukahlukene amaphrojekthi ithimba.