"Pascal" - ulimi ... "Pascal" Wabasaqalayo: Incazelo

Ngo nobukhulu World Wide Web, ungathola eziningi izinhlelo ngolimi "Pascal", kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuthola asebenza kanjani, futhi ahlelwe kungasiphi isisekelo. Ake sihlole izinto eziyisisekelo izinhlelo ndawonye!

ulimi algorithmic: imiqondo eyisisekelo

Enkulumweni eyayivame sisebenzisa Izingxenye eziyisisekelo: izinhlamvu, amagama, amabinzana, nemisho yonke. ulimi algorithmic Ubuye isakhiwo esifanayo, kodwa izingxenye zalo abizwa ngokuthi ehlukile. Sikhuluma izakhiwo eziyisisekelo, izinkulumo kanye nezitatimende. Zonke lezi amayunithi akha isakhiwo phezulu, njengoba kwakhiwa element ngayinye ngokulandelana is kusukela ngenhla.

Izimpawu zolimi algorithmic - kuyinto ama-athomu indivisible esetshenziselwa ukubhala ikhodi.

umklamo Basic - kukhona amayunithi okungenani amanye asho zabo.

Classic wezinkulumo zolimi akhiwa amayunithi ngenhla amabili nokusetha imithetho okuthola ukubaluleka oyifunayo.

I-opharetha unesibopho incazelo ukuguqulwa athize kuyadingeka ukuba abantu babulawelwe kuzo efanele uhlelo. Kungase kube eziningana, uma kunesidingo - uhlelo kumele enze operation eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, basuke ezihlanganiswe okufanayo block noma kwakwakhe isitatimende.

Ulimi "Pascal"

Kukhona inani elikhulu izilimi izinhlelo. "Pascal" (Wabasaqalayo kukhona ezinye izinzuzo) ungomunye wabo. zamagama wayo yakhiwa, izinhlamvu izinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Nasi uhlu kubo:

• 26 Latin usonhlamvukazi kanye nezinhlamvu ezincane ;
• zigcizelela uhlamvu;
• amadijithi eziyishumi;
• limiters;
• izimpawu ukusebenza;
• specifiers;
• agodliwe uhlelo (isevisi) yaleli zwi.

Ngaphandle izici ezingenhla, lingelikaJehova iqoqo eliyisisekelo "elingenalutho" esingenakubalwa esetshenziswa ngaphakathi isakhiwo futhi ukubonakaliswa agodliwe izimpawu double.

Elementary kwaqanjwa ulimi

"Pascal" Wabasaqalayo kuhlanganisa strings, izinombolo kanye namagama.

Izinombolo elisetshenziswa ikhodi kokubuyekezwa, ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo ngokuvamile ebhaliwe ohlelweni ledesimali. Zingaba kokubili yangempela futhi wonke, okuyinto akashongo lutho iphuzu zamadesimali. Uma inombolo omuhle, uphawu yayo engashiywa.

"Pascal" - kuyinto ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo algorithmic lapho izintambo Uyi ukulandelana nezinhlamvu, uvaliwe aphostrofi. Uma udinga ukusebenzisa ngesimeliluhlamvu ngokwayo, lolu phawu Kuhle kokusho kabili.

Igama - ukulandelana ukuthi iqala ngohlamvu futhi ingase iqukathe ukubunjwa yayo izibalo. Ama-ID abizwa ngokuthi amathegi, izinhlobo, constants, imisebenzi, izinqubo, eziguquguqukayo, izinto, ngisho amamojuli. izihlonzi Owenza ungasebenzisa uhlamvu oludwetshelwe. Igama ungaba eziningi uhlamvu, kodwa yesakhi kuzofunda kuphela eyokuqala izinhlamvu 63. "Pascal" okukhulunywa ngaye, ukudalulwa ezingase zibonakale eziyinkimbinkimbi kangaka, hhayi umbono wesabeka kangaka, kanjalo cha sukela sokwethuka futhi ukuvala isiphequluli page!

Njengoba izikhombi ulimi banqatshelwe usebenzisa amagama ejwayelekile constants, izinqubo, izinhlobo amafayela, imisebenzi, kanye uhlelo izinkulumo.

Thuthukisa ukubonakala ikhodi kuzosiza izikhala, kodwa kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi ngeke zisenze amagama nezinamba phakathi.

Syntax ulimi algorithmic

Umugqa ngamunye kumele igcine ngesizinda isemikholoni ohlelweni, lilotshwe ngolimi oluhle sisuke sicabanga ( "Pascal"). Informatics ifundisa abafundi nabafundi, futhi uyokwazi ukuqonda kwale mithetho ngokwabo!

I isemikholoni (;) - isiginali esihlelwe kusengaphambili, ositshela ngani ekupheleni komugqa zamanje kanye nesidingo ukuthuthela entsha. Kodwa ngaphandle imiyalo inkonzo kungaba: const, var, baqale nabanye.

I-opharetha uvala ukuphela hlelo, ngakho ngemva kokuba ngempela kwandulelwe iphuzu. Ngezinye izikhathi ikhodi ingaqukatha nezinamathiselo eziningana, ke ekuqaleni nasekupheleni block kumele ngeke ahlukaniswe isemikholoni.

Ukwabela value ethile variable phambi wophawu lokulinganisa kuyadingeka ukubeka ikholoni. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho uya khona ukusetha n = 13, kanye nekhodi uya ibukeke n: = 13.

Uma ufunde imithetho ke ungakwazi ngokushesha impela ukufunda ukubhala ikhodi software ngaphandle amaphutha wokuma.

izitatimende ulimi Classical "Pascal"

Zahlelwa okuphindayo ikhodi isicelo esizayo kanye nokuqalisa ngayo noma yisiphi isenzo kungenzeka esebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene. Kodwa ulimi "Pascal" lisetshenziswa le njongo opharetha ahlukahlukene. Bonke ngothi lwabo, asikwazi cabanga, ngakho-ke, siyowuqonda ngezinhlanzi nezinkwa ezimbalwa nje.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngokukhetha opharetha Ungakhetha omunye izindlela ezisebenzayo hlelo. Sepharamitha kulokhu uwukubonakaliswa uhlobo ngokulandelana. Kodwa kukhona caveat: lokhu ikhi yokukhetha kungaba ingeyona string noma uhlobo yangempela.

Nokho kukhona izitatimende isabelo, okunemibandela esiyinhlanganisela futhi elingenalutho, kanye eziningi nokutshalwa kwezimali kweminye imikhakha ewusizo. Ulwazi kuphela ezinye zazo ikuvumela ukubhala ikhodi ukusebenza kakhulu. Opharetha akufanele kabi, ngenxa yokuthi isibalo sabo esikhulu kwenza uhlelo nzima ukuze lungisa yesakhi, edidayo nzima kakhulu ukuba ngiziqonde abangabazi.

I-opharetha yomsebenzi ozokwenziwa

Le nkulumo iyona ikholoni bese ungena "zilingana 'nezinsuku. Isetshenziselwa yokunika kwenombolo ethize lwenani ethile. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uhlobo izinkulumo variable futhi kufanele ifane kwenzeka ukuthi musa ezihlobene wonke futhi uhlobo langempela, ngokulandelana. Kuphela uma ubhekene nesimo esinjena uyoqondisa ukuguqulwa.

izitatimende Compound

"Pascal" - ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo olusebenzisa ukulandelana izitatimende Uhlelo ngokungenasizathu okuvalelwe kubakaki ekhethekile. Kumayelana isakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela, amagama elinganiselwe iqale futhi iphele. Lona thuluzi elisemqoka ulimi algorithmic ngalo kungenzeka ukubhala ikhodi usebenzisa indlela kwesakhiwo.

Abaqhubi ulimi "Pascal", abahlanganiswe engxenyeni isakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela zingase zihluke kakhulu, ngoba azikho ukulinganiselwa. ukujula lokushutheka ingase futhi ibe khona ehlukile.

opharetha okunemibandela ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo

Le ngxenye inikeza ikhono ukuhlola ngesikhathi isimo hlelo esibekiwe futhi isenzo kuye imiphumela ndima yayo. Ngakho, umyalo okunemibandela - ingenye indlela kumiswa amagatsha e inqubo kwenziwa umsebenzi wokubalisisa.

Ikhipha isitatimende okunemibandela simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

UMA KUDALA OMUNYE .

Kulesi isisho enye ke futhi uma kukhona amazwi Phendla, isimo - inkulumo okunengqondo ngokuqukethwe kabi amandla akhe, futhi opharetha - iyiphi imiyalo wasebenzisa ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo.

Isakhiwo ikhodi Uhlelo

Iheda izigaba opharetha nezincazelo - lawa Izingxenye ezisemqoka isicelo Ubhalwe ngolimi ezifana "Pascal". ubuchwepheshe Imininingwane lusenza ukuhlola ngokugcwele lezi zinto futhi ufunde indlela yokusebenzisa ngokufanele.

Unhlokweni ngokuvamile iqukethe igama le khodi. Ngokwesibonelo, Uhlelo MyFirst.

Isigaba izincazelo kungasho imitapo exhunyiwe, amamojuli, amalebula, constants, izinhlobo, eziguquguqukayo, incazelo isahluko imisebenzi kanye nezinqubo.

Isigaba iqukethe izincazelo amamojula ngaphakathi amagama imitapo uxhumekile bese iqala izwi agodliwe isebenzisa. Kufanele kube ngowokuqala phakathi kwawo wonke amanye izincazelo. amagama Module ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele kuhlukaniswe ukhefane.

Noma yimuphi opharetha ungafaka Igama lelebuli ikhodi liphathwe esigabeni ezifanele incazelo.

incazelo ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuvumela constants ikhodi ngezansi ukuze ubhalise amagama abo esikhundleni amanani ezinombolo noma nezinombolo.

Encazelweni yalokho eziguquguqukayo letisetjentisiwe kufanele ihlanganise onke izinhlobo ezizosetshenziselwa: "var c, a, r: inamba; k, l, m: i-char; h1, h2: eziphusile;".

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi "Pascal" - ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo okudinga obligatory incazelo owandulelayo zonke izingxenye abathintekayo ohlelweni.

ikhodi umbhalo kumele ukugcina ngechashazi.

izibonelo zezinhlelo

"Pascal" - lokhu kuyinto ulimi aphansi, futhi ungakwazi uqhubekele ngqo lokubhala ikhodi ngemva kokutadisha ulwazi olungenhla.

Ake ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isicelo esilethe esibukweni ibinzana «Kuyinto Uhlelo lwami lokuqala!»

Izibonelo izinhlelo ku "Pascal" kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba zikuqonde, zama ukukwenza manje.

Qala
Writeln (Kuyinto Uhlelo lwami lokuqala '!);
Ukuphela.

Yilokho ngakho elula!

Funa ikhodi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okuyinto ungathola izimpande ezothando quadratic. Nakani isimiso kumiswa wokuboniswa yezamakhompyutha.

Sethemba, izinhlelo Isibonelo "Pascal" babe wusizo kuwe.