EU somyalelo RoHS - kuyini?

Okwamanje, umphakathi wezwe lonke kakhudlwana futhi kakhudlwana nezinkinga zemvelo. Ngokukhulu ukushesha iyona kusungulwa izidingo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, izimayini, ukuyohlala izindawo ezingwadule nasezintabeni. Nokho, kanye ezicini ezinhle xhumanisa ngqo emuva izici zayo ezingezinhle: ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukuqothulwa yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi, kongqimba lwe-ozone, Ukuwohloka izinsiza ze-non-evuselelekayo , nokunye. Zonke lezi zici abe nomthelela omubi nokuphila nempilo yomuntu, nakuyo inzalo yakhe. Ukuze uvikele asele ingcebo yemvelo, kanye pre-empt ukuvela izinhlobo ezahlukene yizifo ezibhubhisayo futhi sina ezihlobene ngentuthuko zanamuhla, amazwe bathambekele nokuqalisa yokuvinjelwa ukusetshenziswa izinto eziyingozi ukuze umzimba eziphilayo. Omunye lezi ziqondiso kuyisinqumo ka RoHS. Kuyini futhi hlobo luni lwe umsebenzi isetshenziswa - ezichazwe kulesi sihloko.

Okuvumelekile enoBungozi

Ngo-July 2006, emhlanganweni olandelayo we-Union aMalunga eMibuso European nesiqondiso isayinwe, owawuthi zibeka imingcele ukusetshenziswa izingxenye ezithile kakhulu ekuthuthukeni zikagesi kagesi noma. Lokhu isinqumo njengoba RoHS ezaziwayo. Kusho ukuthini lokhu wokufunda? Okuvumelekile enoBungozi - lena isihloko sawo esiphelele nesiqondiso. Lokhu ibinzana ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi "Okuvumelekile enoBungozi." Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi injongo yalesi siqondiso akulona uhlobo lwayo lokuqala. It nje sekugcwele isibalo esandayo imibhalo elawula ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuthi ziyamukeleka imvelo. Isinqumo sokuqala, okuyinto uncika ekulweni ubumsulwa iplanethi, bekulokhu European Union sika WEEE umyalelo. Sia isifinyezo imele kokubili Ukusingathwa kusukela Electrical kanye Electronic Izinsiza kusebenza, okusho "Ukusingathwa Electrical kanye Electronic Izinsiza kusebenza." Ngokushesha ungeze RoHS dokhumenti. Lokho lesi sinqumo iyoba ethandwa futhi uthole ukwesekwa, hhayi kuphela e-Europe kodwa futhi ngalé kwemingcele yayo, bakuthola kunzima ukukholwa. Nokho, okwamanje, sibonga kwezinyathelo ezathathwa emkhakheni umthetho emhlabeni jikelele lwa ukuzinza kwemvelo kanye ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe oluhlaza.

Ukuqedwa imithi enobungozi: the eziyisithupha "cha"

RoHS idokhumenti constrains ukusetshenziswa izinto eziyisithupha echazwe ngezansi.

1. Hola. Esikhathini chemical uhlelo gqwa, lesi sici ubizwa ngokuthi PB. Ukuhola ingenye izinto eziyingozi kakhulu, imiphumela elimazayo ku eziphilayo. I lokuhlushwa eliphezulu kakhulu le nto futhi compounds nge iqhaza lakhe umkhiqizo kumele singeqi 0.1% wezindleko.
2. Cadmium. Sayo sesiLatini ukuqokwa - Cd. Okuqukethwe iphesenti lesi sici kumele singeqi 0.01 isisindo ingxenyana lonke.
3. Mercury. Lena into eyingozi futhi libhekisela insimbi ishadi lesikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi HG. okuhlushwa enkulu yama le nto ayikwazi ukuba ngaphezulu kuka-0.1%.
4. Izidingo ezifanayo mercury futhi hexavalent chromium (Kr + 6). Ngokwemvelo yayo, ayinto kuyinto oxidizer eqinile futhi izinto ezinobuthi kakhulu.
5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekhuthaza enobuthi kakhulu nge uxhumano lokudlulisa (Br), njengoba biphenyls polybrominated.
6. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Ngokuvamile lezi zinto (5 no-6) asetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe electronic izakhi ezifana engakutholanga ukuthungela okusheshayo. Ubuningi benombolo ngayinye yalezi izinto kumele singeqi 0.1% wezindleko.

Isifiso yokuthuthukisa izwe

Yiqiniso, ukuvinjelwa ukusetshenziswa izinto ngenhla ukuphishekela imigomo ethile kungabi. Lapho usebenzisa i-amakhemikhali ingozi kakhulu futhi emsulwa abakhiqizi eziholela enifisa esiphezulu:

• zokunciphisa ukungcoliseka nokubhujiswa alandelayo ulwelwesi Umhlaba bayo begazi;
• negate ubuthi kungenzeka zezinto ezingenhla, futhi kusobala kusukela kule kanye nokuvinjelwa izinkinga impilo abantu abasebenzisa noma usebenze electronics angaphephile noma izinto zikagesi.

Ukuze electronics abakhiqizi

Ezikabani izithakazelo zithonywa yokutholwa idokhumenti RoHS? Ukuthi lokhu elibusayo kwakuholela kusekelwa, futhi ngaphandle Europe - akumangazi. Empeleni, amazwe amaningi abathuthi bezimpahla ensimini Union. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ivunyelwe European emakethe, electronic noma imikhiqizo kagesi kufanele abhekane enwetshiwe nezimfuneko zemvelo. Uma izimpahla ziphephile ngokuphelele, it is agqoke RoHS ilebula okushiwoyo, okusho "iyahlangabezana nezidingo we RoHS Directive."

Konke elisizungezile

Ngakho, ngokuvumelana idokhumenti kuchaziwe, imishini kagesi noma elekthronikhi, okuyinto sisebenzisa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kumelwe uhambisane zokuphepha nezemvelo. Ngakho, RoHS ithebhulethi akufanele ibe ukuvuvukala phambili kanye nezinye izinto ezilimazayo. Lokhu kusebenza futhi ezihlukahlukene zikagesi kanye nemishini, ukukhanyisa izinhlelo, amathoyizi, zalapho othomathikhi, electrical kanye amathuluzi electronic nokunye. Okwamanje, Abenzi esikhundleni ugwayi kanye nogwayi futhi ukunaka kule dokhumenti. Ngokuvamile amagama "usikilidi RoHS electronic» zingatholakala ezitolo. Lesi sigaba kwezimpahla, nakuba akuyona ayinangozi ngokuphelele (ngenxa yokuba khona nicotine), kodwa wathi ukuntuleka ezisetshenziswa ukudala umkhiqizo, eziyingozi elimazayo.