Kungani nezinkanyezi kukhanya: physics noma yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali?

Izinkanyezi azibonisi ukukhanya njengoba ukwenza amaplanethi iziphuphutheki zabo, ekukhiphela. Futhi ngokushelela futhi ngokuqhubekayo. A agqoke ebonakalayo emhlabeni, mhlawumbe okubangelwa khona ezihlukahlukene micro-izinhlayiya emkhathini, okuyinto, falling in ugongolo ukukhanya iphazamisekile ke.

Inkanyezi bhá ngokuya Earthlings

Esikoleni Ngiyazi ukuthi Sun - liyinkanyezi. Nge iplanethi yethu - kuba inkanyezi bhá, bese ngezindinganiso yonke - engaphansana nje kwengu-Ngokwesilinganiso, futhi ubukhulu nokukhanya. Inani elikhulu of izinkanyezi kunenani Sun, kodwa sona sincane kakhulu.

Star esingaphezu kwesinqunywe

Abelana izindikimba zasezulwini waqala ngobukhulu izazi zezinkanyezi yamaGreki asendulo. Igama elithi "Inani" bese, futhi manje abe ukukhanya kusho izinkanyezi ziyavutha kunokuba inani layo ngokomzimba.

izinkanyezi okwehlukene ubude ngemisebe. On nomkhakha we amagagasi, futhi wehlukile ngempela, izazi zezinkanyezi ungakwazi usitshele ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali lokushisa lomzimba ngisho kusulwe.

ososayensi phikisana

Eminyakeni engaphezu kweyishumi mpikiswano yokugcina, odabeni oluphathelene nokukhululwa "kungani nezinkanyezi kukhanya." Umbono ovamile uwukuthi namanje akukho. Hard ukukholelwa ngisho physics enuzi okwenzeka lezinkanyezi umzimba ukusabela kungaba ukukhulula omningi amandla, ongakayeki namanje.

Inkinga Fusion zenuzi ezenzeka izinkanyezi, ososayensi wathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu. Izazi zezinkanyezi, sesayensi yemvelo, osokhemisi, aye azama ukuthola ukuthi yini kuphakamisa ukuqhuma ukushisa amandla okuyinto kuhambisana ekukhanyeni okukhazimulayo.

Bemithi bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhanya ezinkanyezini ezikude kungabonakali - imiphumela ukusabela exothermic. It evala ejection ukushisa okukhulu. Physicists bathi emzimbeni inkanyezi azinakugcinwa zamakhemikhali. Ngokuba akakho phakathi kwabo akakwazi ukuya engami izigidigidi zeminyaka.

Impendulo yombuzo "kungani nezinkanyezi kukhanya" kwaba kancane eduze ngemva kokutholakala ishadi lesikhathi izakhi. Manje indlela entsha ngokuphelele laqala ukuhlonishwa ngendlela ukusabela zamakhemikhali. I ucwaningo eyatholakala izakhi ezintsha enemisebe, futhi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela kwamazinyo enemisebe iba inombolo yenguqulo eyodwa kule mpikiswano engapheli mayelana kukhanya izinkanyezi.

hypothesis yesimanje

ukukhanya Ezikude inkanyezi wamnika "ukulala" Svante Arrhenius - ososayensi Swedish. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, waphenduka umbono ukushisa emisebeni izinkanyezi, Njengoba bengazange bahlakulele umqondo ka dissociation electrolytic. Lalinama okulandelayo. The main umthombo wamandla emzimbeni inkanyezi - ama-athomu ye-hydrogen, njalo ehilelekile zamakhemikhali nomunye ukwakha-helium, bonyana ngiyiphi ebudisi khulu kakhulu kuneyokuqala. inqubo ukuguqulwa kubangelwa high density gas ingcindezi futhi zasendle ukuqonda lokushisa yethu (15,000 000̊S).

Hypothesis ngaso ososayensi abaningi. Isiphetho wawucacile: izinkanyezi ebusuku esibhakabhakeni ukukhanya, ngoba ekusabeleni Fusion kwenzeka futhi wadedelwa ngesikhathi esifanayo amandla kwanela. Iphinde sobala ukuthi enkompolo hydrogen angaya non-stop izigidigidi zeminyaka ilandelana.

Pho kungani izinkanyezi lukhanye na? Amandla ukuthi ikhishwe nucleus khona idluliselwa udonga lwangaphandle igesi futhi thina emisebeni Kubonakala. Namuhla, ososayensi kukhona pretty isiqiniseko sokuthi "umgwaqo" ugongolo kusukela core igobolondo kuthatha engaphezu kwenkulungwane eyikhulu. Ukuze ukukhanya Umhlaba inkanyezi futhi isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Uma imisebe eyingozi evela elangeni efinyelela emhlabeni kumaminithi eziyisishiyagalombili, i-licace inkanyezi - Proxima Centauri - kweminyaka ecishe ibe mihlanu, lonke ukukhanya ungaya eminyakeni eminingi.

Enye "kungani"

Kungani Izinkanyezi ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha ukukhanya kucacile manje. Kungani-ke flickers? Glow ivela izinkanyezi, ngempela bushelelezi. Lokhu kungenxa adonsela phansi okuyinto edonsela inkanyezi axoshwe igesi emuva. izinkanyezi twinkling - lolu hlobo iphutha. Iso lomuntu ubona inkanyezi endaweni izingqimba ambalwa emoyeni ukuthi siyahamba njalo. Ukudlula Starlight ngokusebenzisa lezi izingqimba, kubonakala ukulotha.

Njengoba isibhakabhaka butjhilweni, ashisayo nabandayo emoyeni ukusakaza, odlulayo ngaphansi nomunye ukwakha vortex. Lokhu kuholela ukuhlanekezela ugongolo ukukhanya. Ukukhanya izinkanyezi, futhi, siyashintsha. Isizathu sokuba lokuhlala engalingani sifinyelela phezulu kithi uvumelanise. Uthuthela yena iphethini inkanyezi. Lokhu kubangelwa lomkhuba kuthiwa kuyoshaya emkhathini, isib, umoya ipheshulwa.

izinkanyezi emibalabala

Ngo sezulu Licwathile esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ejabulisa iso nge emibalabala elikhanyayo. Ezicacile orange umbala izinkanyezi Aldebaran futhi Arcturus, kodwa Antares futhi Betelgeuse - ukuphaphatheka abomvu. Sirius futhi Vega, umbala Milky ezimhlophe, nge Tint blue - Regulus futhi Spica. imidondoshiya Famous - Alpha Centauri futhi Capella - ophuzi namanzi.

Kungani nezinkanyezi kukhanya ngezindlela ezahlukene? umbala Star incike lokushisa layo langaphakathi. Iningi "cool" - abomvu. On ezindaweni zawo 4 000̊S kuphela. izinkanyezi okumhlophe nokuluhlaza nge ebusweni amalahle-30 000̊S - ibhekwa njengendawo ezishisayo.

Osomkhathi bathi eqinisweni ukukhanya inkanyezi ngokulinganayo futhi egqamile, futhi Earthlings nje ukuphazima ...