Ezidliwayo-chestnut amnandi: Ukutshala futhi ekhula

Chestnut - umlingisi edume of Folk yezinganekwane kanye zokuhlobisa oluqinile isiko ubuciko izingadi namapaki lamazwe Western Europe kanye ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye-Russia. Lena zemithi ezithakazelisayo futhi uneziqu eziningi (ezidliwayo, e-Europe, uyisicukuthwane), munye ngegama elilodwa - usika izingcezu azidingayo ngokucophelela amnandi. On izici zalesi sihlahla, imikhuba yayo futhi izindlela zokulima kulinywe nifunde salolu shicilelo.

Isihambi emndenini beech

Castanea sativa - isihlahla emangalisayo, ngawo izizwe ezahlukene axhunyaniswa izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho kuqala ekwindla eFrance uqala "Isizini Red", lapho ku ezingosini zazo zonke izitaladi bedayisa izithelo okuthosiwe nokudla nezinye izitsha okusekelwe kuzo. Ukuqhakaza onsundu - uhlobo uphawu Kiev, entwasahlobo amapaki itshalwe nge-chestnut izindlela, ubuhle siyakhazimula baphane futhi enhle kakhulu umphumela zokuhlobisa. A insimbi abelaphi lenani eliphakeme ngenxa yezimfanelo zawo zokwelapha, kusukela ukuphulukiswa konke ngenhla-umhlabathi izingxenye zalesi sihlahla.

ukusabalala

ENingizimu-mpumalanga Yurophu futhi Malaysia waqaphela njengoba okwazalelwa kuyo omele ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele futhi ukufudumala. onsundu Sweet, hardiness ebusika uphansi, kutholakala namuhla eMpumalanga Asia, ezivamile ngamazwe aseMedithera nase-Atlantic ugu lweNyakatho Melika, kodwa ezindaweni enyakatho isitshalo uyasinda.

Umuthi - i owasinda enviable. Ezweni kukhona izitshalo ambalwa kokuphila iminyaka engaphezu kuka-1000, futhi ngo-elaliphansi kwamagquma izimo eCaucasus ezaziwayo, kokuba sawela uphawu engu-500. Isikhathi isilinganiso impilo onsundu kubhekwa isikhathi umxhwele isikhathi - iminyaka 450-500.

Timphawu letitsite

Zonke lezi zinhlobo chestnut siwuhlobo odumile beech futhi izihlahla ezinde, ukufinyelela 30-35 amamitha. Lesi simila - giant sangempela ekusakazeni umqhele ezibanzi iqonde isiqu aphumayo, ububanzi ongafinyelela amagugu kuze kufinyelele imitha ezimbili. Dark amagxolo brown ukumboza isiqu sesihlahla, sigcwele imifantu, ukujula zazo kwandisa ngeminyaka. Amade ahlakaze amagatsha ukudala ngobuningi kanye umqhele obukhulu. Chestnut kushiya enwetshiwe (kufika ku-25 cm), kanye onqenqemeni ebonakalayo namantombazane oblong kulingana emikhulu. Isimo sabo esihle ugcizelela isakhiwo obukhulu kanye namanzi dark umbala oluhlaza. Amahlamvu blooms ekuqaleni kuka-April.

Sweet onsundu - isihlahla imbali. Umbukwane iyamangalisa futhi ungabona kwakhe ngo-June. izimbali ezincane elikhanyayo, bahlangana spicate inflorescences, isiko ezimboziwe, edonsa nhla of abedlula ngendlela nokugqugquzela izinambuzane impova.

isithelo

Fruiting isitshalo iqala October no-November, kanye ekuqaleni defoliation. izithelo ezidliwayo we onsundu - wangempela nut isakhiwo obukhulu aphuzi noma ukhilimu-anemibala. Kutfutfukisa lizinga e esivikelo igobolondo-cupule ifakwe spikes okuqinile futhi awuvikele lezinhlupheko ahlukahlukene. Ngo igobolondo ngamunye onjalo uvuthwe eyodwa - ezintathu nuts whereupon ufa Cupule, edalula izithelo.

Nuts zinhlobo anjalo onsundu mnandi ezidliwayo, udle, nezinhlobo zabo engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo, ezifana isithelo onsundu ihhashi, zinhle kakhulu izinto zokusetshenziswa for ukusetshenziswa in wendabuko imithi. Izithelo ukunambitheka elinambitheka sashukela, akheke kancane esinophawu lwesehluleki kanye nokusungulwa eliyingqayizivele kwezakhi.

onsundu Ezidliwayo ubukeka ezahlukene kusukela ihhashi kancane wakhomba ithiphu amabhokisi lapho cotyledon. Ngemva ukususwa nati sokuvuna agcinwe isikhathi eside, ngoba ngeke ngokushesha zome, babe ziyaqothuka futhi ulahlekelwe umthengi yabo izakhiwo.

Castanea sativa: izakhiwo ewusizo futhi izicelo

Ukwakheka chestnut esiyingqayizivele, zakha isethi olinganiselayo amaminerali, amavithamini kanye unsaturated okunamafutha acid, macro- futhi ukulandelela izakhi kanye compounds zabo. Ngokungafani nezinye onsundu nati iqukethe inani lemali elincane amafutha, okwenza kube kuhle umkhiqizo ukudla Ukudla. Rich onsundu izithelo amaprotheni, ushukela, isitshalo enzyme zemvelo.

Nuts bayigugu njengoba ukudla. Zisetshenziswa fresh noma ngaphansi iyiphi ukupheka: ethosiwe, wabhaka, steamed, ukungezwa ebhikawozi kanye confectionery nemikhiqizo. Nepepper chestnut okugazingiwe - engathatha kakhulu ikhofi.

Ngaphezu izithelo unezimfanelo akhethekile omahlamvu awo esihlahleni, wokuqukethwe lelisetulu tannins kanye pectins ku ezingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo disinfected futhi amanxeba, ukuze kunqandwe ukopha.

Castanea sativa: ezikhulayo

Isiko okusakazwa imbewu noma vegetatively - cuttings. Impova izinambuzane onsundu. Fruiting zinhlobo ezahlukene futhi uqale ngezikhathi ezehlukene. Ezinye - ne ngonyaka 3-6-th wokuphila, nezinye - kusukela ngomhla ka-25. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi by kokutshala ensimini zokutshala onsundu umtshali uyabakhathalela ngokuyinhloko ngengxenye zokuhlobisa wezangaphakathi wezwe, kanti eyesibili - ihlinzeka sokuvuna izingane nuts nabazukulu njengoba sokuvuna sakhe ukususa akunakwenzeka njalo. Kodwa abalimi abanolwazi bathi ndlovu oneminyaka engu-40 ubudala ukuqoqa kalula 60-70 kg namantongomane.

Sweet onsundu ukuthatha kahle impande phezu libalele, izindawo uvikelekile nge kokungathathi hlangothi esiwuhogelayo nenhlabathi evundile. Umswakama-onothando isiko akakubekezeleli nesomiso, ngakho ukunakekela izitshalo abasha kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ezikhula imbewu

Njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, usika izingcezu azidingayo ngokucophelela - livela nakwezifudumele efudumele futhi awukwazi ukubekezelela frost, kodwa ikhula kahle zokugcina izithombo conservatories, kanye isiko ekhaya ka "bonsai" ubuchwepheshe Japanese.

Thola i-chestnut isihlahla ngokugcwele kusukela imbewu kungenziwa avuthwa ngokugcwele futhi bawile emthini. Ukuze ukuhluma qualitative zidinga babhekane nezinga elikhulu eside, okuyinto ilingisa zemvelo, inqubo yemvelo. Imbewu ezibekwe esitsheni, uthele ezomile emfuleni isihlabathi futhi ibekwe endaweni esiqandisini noma egumbini. Ngemva kwezinyanga 5-6 ayoliswe ngakho imbewu onsundu kungenziwa itshalwe iqhume.

Basuke ezibekwe ku substrate inhlanganisela phansi ukhuni leaf isikhunta. nut ngamunye utshalwe ethangini ehlukile nge namandla 4-5 amalitha. Ukuze iwenze ube lula ukuhluma ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu igcinwe amanzi afudumele izinsuku 5-6. Nakakhulu-10 cm. Wakubo, bathi ziqhume ngokushesha, zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu 15-20. izithombo imila zidluliselwa entwasahlobo esizeni evulekile libalele, emagumbini ukubopha yensimu onsundu izihlahla ayifanele.

Landing indawo ukulungiselela kusengaphambili iwukudambisa asidi ngokweqile inhlabathi, ukungeza ku 1 m ² ka 500-600 amagremu dolomite eyamba wangaphezulu engenhla nge humus. Ngaphambi izithombo ukutshala kwabo lukhuni, ethula emoyeni opholile nsuku zonke amasonto amabili. Etshalwe evulekile izitshalo emhlabathini-ibangelwa sikhule uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela. Zidinga ukwenza imisebenzi elula yokuzinakekela, kodwa njalo.

Indlela banakekele izitshalo abasha

Ukuze izifunda nge efudumele sezulu esipholile Castanea sativa isitshalo futhi sikhule akunzima, kuphela uzonikezwa isitshalo kancane ukunakwa, ekwenzeni izinqubo evamile ezabekwa izici zinhlobo futhi amasu ukutshalwa kulinywe.

Ukusekela ukukhula kwezitshalo abasha, kufanele Zikhipha njalo inhlabathi iziqu esihlahleni, ukuliqaqa namanzi simila njengoba kudingeka. Chestnut akawuthandi iphele ukuphuma emhlabathini, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yaba namandla uhlelo Thepha impande kukhishwe amanzi akunzima. izitshalo kunjalo kunezimpande akufanele ehlaselwe ukuntuleka kwamanzi.

Ezidliwayo chestnut kusimo iyona hardiness ongaphakeme zidinga ebusika zokukhosela, ngisho noma esekhulile izimo ezikahle YaseCrimea. Njengoba lisetshenziswe zokukhosela nutrasil noma ezinye izinto okungezona nokwelukiweyo zokuzivikela.

Izihlahla: sanitary futhi obumba

Ngaphandle imisebenzi evamile okhathalelayo, usika izingcezu azidingayo ngokucophelela kudingeka ilungiswe, ukwakha umqhele, ukuhlinzeka ukuqina zokuhlobisa iphinde ivimbele nesenzakalo izifo Lokudabuka ezahlukene. Feza izihlahla ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kokukhipha ezilimele, onesifo, ababuthakathaka futhi ekhula ngaphakathi amagatsha umqhele. Kumiswa umqhele kwenziwa isitshalo usukhule kakhudlwana, ukuyakha ngokuvumelana zabo okuthandwa siqu kanye nokuhuheka nezinkanuko. Castanea sativa, isithombe okuyinto ethulwa kule ncwadi - isihlahla omangalisayo. Nokho, isifanekiso bukhoma kummeleli beech ezikhulayo ensimini yakho siqu - isitshalo umbukwane othandeakayo balimi ezindaweni aseningizimu.