Festival "Oktoberfest" eJalimane: isithombe kanye nencazelo

Umhlaba edume kakhulu yizivakashi ngasekupheleni September - ekuqaleni kuka-October Munich, lapho minyaka yonke uze abantu abangaphezu kuka-6 million emkhosini "Oktoberfest". Ukuze ubhiya festival, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kuka-200 kuyinto zithandwa phakathi abalandeli isiphuzo. "Oktoberfest" eJalimane kwashesha enjalo kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule futhi njalo zibalwa ku-Guinness Book njengoba kwenzeka plan onjalo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

amaholide ezimbili - amasiko amabili

Umlando yokuphisa eBavaria buhlobene eduze asebukhosini, elibusayo kanye ukuthi emaphethelweni. abameleli Wittelsbach kubhekwe ke ilungelo labo hhayi kuphela ukuqonda besizulu, kodwa uyabandakanyeka ukukhiqizwa yayo. Sokuphisa lokuqala bobukhosi wavulwa emuva 1260 e Munich, inhloko-dolobha yase eBavaria, iNkosana Ludwig ezinzima. Ngekhulu le-19, kwakunabamemezeli abangu-70 izitshalo ukwenziwa isiphuzo, enomnikazi asebukhosini.

Omunye mithi (Duke uWilliam 4) ngo-1516 ngisho waphasisa umthetho mayelana ubumsulwa ukudla, kuze kube ngo-1906 wayelandela kuphela inhlabathi Bavarian, kodwa ke zasakazekela kulo lonke eJalimane. Ngenxa sengqondo esinjalo sina maqondana isiphuzo kazwelonke ubhiya German kubhekwa omunye the best kakhulu emhlabeni.

Bavarians ujwayelene hhayi kuphela isiko ubhiya ukwenziwa, kodwa futhi ukusetshenziswa yayo, nakuba yayineminyaka engu-emlandweni wabo isikhathi lapho iwayini eqinile wasekhaya kwakungenele ukuba azixoshe foamy isiphuzo ngenani ukusetshenziswa.

Ngezinye izikhathi isimemezelo olulodwa Ungashintsha isikhundla "izinsimbi" yomlando. Lokhu kwenzeke lapho mthetho washicilelwa izinzuzo ubhiya ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, okuyinto kwaholela ekwandeni hhayi kuphela umkhiqizo kodwa futhi ukusetshenziswa. Uma phambi Bavarians alternated iwayini ubhiya, kusukela kwamukelwa esinqumweni muva nje ube ezibizayo ukuze ukusetshenziswa kwalo liye landa amalitha 500 umuntu ngamunye ngonyaka.

Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi "Oktoberfest" e-Germany - akulona ubhiya festival kuphela. Ayikho ezingabalulekile kangako ukuze amaJalimane ubhiya isizini eqinile, olungena on yokuHlawula.

Umlando walo kwaqala ngo lezindela izindela - paulantsev ngubani Sawupheka izidingo zabo. Udumo ubhiya esihlwabusayo ithengiswe emaphethelweni, kodwa umthetho yenqabela izindela ukuthengisa neminikelo yako, ukuthi kufanele ziye awaphuze ngokwakho phambi yokuHlawula. Kuphela 1780 kwaba imvume lokudayisa ubhiya. Ngakho kwamiswa isiko amaviki angu-2 ukuze bagubhe ubhiya festival eqinile eNtabeni Nockherberg eMunich.

Umlando lomkhosi ubhiya

Holiday "Oktoberfest" eJalimane sihlehlela emuva 1810, lapho ikusasa Korol Lyudvig 1 wanquma kabanzi ukugubha lomshado wakhe nge Princess Therese Saxony. Ukuze wenze lokhu, Meadow amakhulu imiphongolo likabhiya for izakhamizi kanye amatafula zambozwa ephakanyiswe emaphethelweni Munich. Abantu bathandile iholide kangaka banquma ukuphinda ngonyaka olandelayo, bese kwaba ngumsebenzi ukufezeka neziphathimandla zedolobha.

Namuhla Theresienwiese - indawo enkulu eseduze esiteshini sesitimela e-Munich ubudala. lwaphuka ubhiya laminyaka kuphela ngesikhathi kubhubhane kanye ezempi, ezifana ngo-1854 futhi ngo-1873 ngokulandelana ngenxa nekholera.

Ngabamba ke njengoba okokuqala, ekuqaleni kuka-October, kodwa kusukela 1904 ke washukumiseleka ukuba ekupheleni kuka-September, nakuba isihloko kwesokunxele zinjalo. Esikhathini sethu, iqala ngoMgqibelo wesithathu Septhemba futhi ihlala izinsuku ezingu-16.

Usokhaya lomkhosi

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuqhubeke edlelweni uTheresa e Munich engimbumbile isiko kanye nendawo lapho baqala ukuqhuba mkhosi waminyaka yonke "Oktoberfest". Germany yayinenzuzo ukukhuthaza lapho kudayiswa khona utshwala Bavarian, imikhiqizo okuyinto abantu bahamba hhayi kuphela ezweni lonke kodwa futhi zivela kwamanye amazwe. AmaJalimane ukuhlolisisa eyinqaba futhi ukuhlakanipha, ngakho abakufaka edlelweni etendeni elikhulu, lapho, ngaphezu amatafula namabhentshi ezakhiwa amapulatifomu nokudansa bowling ezizungezile.

Ngandlela-thile kamuva, konke ukuzijabulisa benziwa ngaphandle ematendeni, njengoba labo abafisa ukujabulela ubhiya wendawo njalo ngonyaka kuba more. Kungenjalo, babheka cishe iyafana emuva ngo-1886, lapho kwenziwa ugesi. inkampani Ukukhanyisa wahlanganyela uyise ka-Einstein ye, futhi bathi Albert kancane mathupha isibani screwed etendeni Shottenhammelya lapho kudayiswa khona utshwala.

Esokuqala itende elikhulu kubantu 12 000 eyayibekwe ngo-1913, lapho ngaleso sikhathi kwaba isenzakalo esimangalisayo. Esikhathini sethu kule ndawo imitlhatlhana 14 ephethe namandla izihlalo 10 000 no-15 amatende amancane abantu 1000.

hero of the isikhathi

Isiphuzo main emkhosini kuyinto ubhiya ukwenziwa ngu Breweries Munich sika. imikhiqizo yabo kumele kuhambisane nemigomo 1487 (enyatheliswa Munich ubhiya ubumsulwa umthetho) kanye 1516 (Isimemezelo ku ubumsulwa imikhiqizo), ngakho, kusukela ngoMashi, kuze kube iholidi ngaphambi phisa besizulu ekhethekile.

Ethandwa kakhulu yiwona ezihlukahlukene Breweries ngokuthi "Augustiner", "Paulaner", "Levenbroy" nabanye. I ubhiya ukwenziwa ngokuvumelana esinqumweni ubudala, owawuthi ukubunjwa kwalo kwenza ukuba ibe khona Uphinde agibele kuphela, ibhali lwemithombo, imvubelo kanye namanzi. Izivakashi e Munich, lapho kuba "Oktoberfest" eJalimane Ungazama foamy isiphuzo, okuyinto has ukunambitheka efanayo futhi amandla (5.8 - 6.3%) njengoba emkhosini lokuqala neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200 edlule.

Yiqiniso, namuhla abawenzayo zobuqili ukudala iziphuzo ukudayiswa nge a lot of izithako, kodwa akuzona eholidini.

Emkhosini "Oktoberfest" eJalimane eminyakeni inani ubhiya odakiwe wafika cishe 70,000 hectoliters of wayini - kuze kufinyelele 27 000 amalitha (ke kungenziwa wajabulela etendeni iwayini) kanye champagne - amabhodlela 20 000 (kukhona etendeni ezihlukene ngoba) . Izindleko isilinganiso ilitha mug (uquqaba), kodwa kuphela izinto eziningi ezinjalo ukukhonza ubhiya kuya "Oktoberfest", libiza 10 €. Njengoba izinhlobo etendeni ngamunye 6 nje-ke 2 amaviki lomkhosi, ungathola emhlabeni wonke etendeni ngaphandle ingozi kakhulu empilweni yakho kanye isikhwama.

zangasese 800 abasebenzela umkhosi izivakashi, zinabantu odokotela namavolontiya ekusizeni labo akazange ukubala amabutho.

aphathe

Bavarian cuisine kazwelonke iyingxenye lomkhosi ubhiya. Kukhona ngokwesiko wakhonza yengulube ayi, eyosiwe inkukhu, ingulube iqupha, inyama phezu kwamathambo nenhlanzi. isidlo Special eyosiwe yasendle, inyamazane futhi Roe izinyamazane.

Ukudla kungajatshulelwa ematendeni ubhiya futhi uthenge at zinsiza ekhethekile. A umthamo ukuze nobhiya owenziwe oda pretzels kanye omiswe. Kwesibaya izinhlanzi Ungathenga ngisho ezomisiwe, nakuba akusiyo isidlo lukaKhisimusi ubhiya ne amaJalimane.

Okokuqala zharilnya inkukhu ukuthi okuhleliwe ngomkhosi Bavarian ngo 1881, futhi namuhla grills yabo zemenyayut yesimanje.

umbukiso

Kusukela 1887, umkhosi kuvula nodwendwe wabanikazi ematendeni. Isiko waqala lapho abawenzayo lokuqala nabanikazi yokuzijabulisa ndawonye bafika Theresienwiese nge ikholomu ezinkulu.

Njengoba inqola ezihlotshiswe kahle edonswa amahhashi amane noma ayisithupha enophephela imigqomo ne besizulu ukuba enikeziwe etendeni. Basuke kulandele abanikazi kanye nabasebenzi lapho kudayiswa khona utshwala, futhi konke lokhu kuhambisana ngokudlala kwe-orchestra.

I mkhosi uqala bendabuko Ungalokothi nail Thepha ku emgqonyeni e-12 ezimpondweni ntambama. Lo mkhuba owenza uJehova IMeya edolobheni. Ngemva umgqomo kuqala ivuliwe, bonke abanikazi ematendeni ungaqala ukuthengisa ubhiya futhi bottling.

Iningi Bavarians ukugembula bettors, bangaki amagalelo umphathi-dolobha kuzodinga isinyathelo ukuvula imiphongolo. Ngakho, umphumela ubhekwa ngcolile 1950, lapho 19 isibhamu enziwa, nalo okungcono - ngo-2006, lapho emgqonyeni wavulwa unemangalo kuqala.

Ezokuzijabulisa futhi Izikhangibavakashi

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, "Oktoberfest" eJalimane ubephelezelwa ukubukwa okumangalisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1901, bonke ababambe iqhaza lo mkhosi sibekwe obala emzaneni zamaBedouin nge izakhamuzi zakhona. Folk ukudansa, kyokushin, bowling kanye ezithuthelayo - yilokho fun of leyo minyaka.

Namuhla, izivakashi ubungazwa carousel nabadala, okungenze abesebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-80, kanye cutting edge. Kakhulu ethandwa phakathi kwabo kukhona ride-roller coaster nge nemizila anobude obungalingani.

Abathandi ukuphakama ulindele umbhoshongo mobile ukuphakama 66 m, lapho charm bangazizwa mahhala ukuwa ngesivinini 79 km / h. wheel Ferris ikuvumela ukuba ubone yonke festival kusuka endizeni senyoni.

Flea Circus, esebenza ngamaholide ne 60s kwekhulu lama-20, ingabe ngempela ethandwa phakathi abadala kanye nezingane.

Futhi, izivakashi ungakwazi dance, ukudubula umnsalo CROSSBOW, noma iqhaza imibuthano eminingi. Njalo kusihlwa, ngamunye bamatende inikeza ukuzijabulisa ezithakazelisayo: endaweni eyodwa - kungcono amakhonsathi, rock and roll, kwezinye - Folk songs nangemidanso.

abahlanganyeli lomkhosi

umbukiso zokugqoka - kungcono isiko. Ngokokuqala ngqá sasiqhutshelwa ngo-1835 futhi lanikezelwa emshadweni esiliva Ludwig futhi Therese Saxony 1. Imashi yokuqala kwaba kunalokho nesizotha, kodwa isikhathi sethu kuzo yazihlanganisa abantu abangaphezu kuka-8 000, begqoke zokubhukuda kazwelonke. Odwendweni lwenzeka ifestivali yokuqala ngeSonto.

Phakathi abahlanganyeli lomkhosi - uhulumeni Bavarian futhi amalungu Munich City Council, abameleli ahlukahlukene ukuzingela sokudubula amakilabhu, orchestra iholide ugibele. Odwendweni senzeka 7 km, ngokwesiko ke iholwa ingane.

Kuze kube manje, kuyaqapheleka njengoba esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni phakathi izenzakalo ezifanayo.

izivakashi lomkhosi

Ngokwezibalo, mayelana 70% izivakashi - ke Bavarians namaJalimane, kanti bonke abanye - yizivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. On leli holide ophithizelayo nobungqabavu ungezwa isiNtaliyane, isi-Greek, i-English, isi-Swedish, isiNorway, isiRashiya, ulimi Ukraine ngisho abaningi abathandi ubhiya bakwamanye amazwe.

Emkhosini, azikho amacala izimpi noma yimaphi ubudlova, njengoba abantu abeze lapha, zavumela iholide yangempela, lelindzeleke isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Kukhona njalo iphoyisa liphelile insini futhi isimo friendly. Ngakho uthi eJalimane iholide "Oktoberfest".

"Oktoberfest" eMoscow

Isiko entsha yaqala Russia. Manje kucatshangwa "Oktoberfest" ezindlini zenxusa lase-German. Yokungena kulesi sehlakalo kuyinto Imali, kodwa amathikithi badayise kweso. Lokhu kungenxa esithakazelweni esikhulu ka Muscovites ngamasiko isiJalimane, kodwa ngaphezulu - ubhiya okuhle futhi okumnandi cuisine Bavarian.

Ngokwesibonelo, "Oktoberfest" (embassy-German) ngo-2016 kwakunabantu abangu kuka 1,000. I iholide senzeka 16-17 Septhemba, futhi ngalezo zinsuku 2 izivakashi babelindele Bavarian ubhiya, ukudla, Raffles kanye nezipho. Ezinganeni Animators ukusebenza nabazali babo kulindeleke ekhonsathini ye Munich show band.

sekudlule Ngakho "Oktoberfest" ngesikhathi German Indlu yenxusa e Moscow.