ULeonid Brezhnev: umngcwabo, usuku, isithombe

Ngo-1982, uLeonid Brezhnev washona kuDacha Zarechie-6 wakhe. Umngcwabo wawungokwemvelo kunazo zonke emlandweni we-USSR, abameleli bamazwe angama-35 omhlaba bafika bezongena enhloko yeRiphabhliki yenhlalakahle.

I-biography emfushane ka-Brezhnev

ULeonid Ilich wazalelwa e-Ukraine eKamenskoye ngoDisemba 19 ngo-1906. Kwaphela iminyaka engu-18 ehamba phambili e-USSR. UNobhala-jikelele wesikhathi esizayo wayeyindodana endala emndenini wabasebenzi, emva kwakhe wazalelwa uJakobe noVera. Ngomnyaka we-1915 wangena ejimini, eyaqeda ngo-1921. Ngo-1923 wamukelwa eKomsomol. Ngo-1927 waphumelela esikoleni sokuhlola indawo yezobuchwep, ngemuva kokutadisha esebenza njengomcwaningi womhlaba kuqala ezweni lakubo, wabe esethunyelwa e-Urals.

Ngo-1935 waphumelela emnyangweni we-DMI (Metallurgical Institute) kusihlwa nge-diploma yezinjini. Unyaka wakhonza e-Red Army njengomfundisi wezombangazwe kwaze kwaba ngo-1936, lapho agcwalisa izifundo ze-motorization, futhi emva kokuphothula iziqu wathola isikhundla se-lieutenant. Ngo-1950 wasebenza njengobhala wokuqala weKomidi Elikhulu laseMoldova, kusukela ngo-1954 wathunyelwa eKazakhstan. Ngo-1964 wahlanganyela eqenjini likaSh Kh Khushchev ekuxosheni kwakhe, futhi waze wahlinzeka ngezinyathelo zomzimba zokuqedwa.

Ngo-1964 ngo-Okthoba 14, uBrzhnev wakhethwa unobhala wokuqala weKomiti Ephakathi YeCPSU. Ngokusho kukaBirkov, ukuqokwa kwakuhloswe njengesilinganiso sesikhashana, kuze kutholakale unobhala omkhulu unomphela. Kodwa uLeonid Ilyich wethule uhlelo olubanzi lokubuyiselwa kwemithetho yamaLinin, futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa akekho ocabanga ngokuxoshwa kwenhloko yombuso.

Umsebenzi wokukhathazeka

U-Stalin wakhetha umngane wakhe kubalindi abaningi ngokusebenza kahle, kepha umsebenzi owenziwa njalo u-Brezhnev. Isikhathi lapho uLeonid Ilyich ephethe khona inhloko yesitshalo se-metallurgical yayigcwele izingcingo zobusuku, ukucindezeleka okuvamile nokusebenza ngokweqile. Ngokusho komkakhe, uViktoria Petrovna, ukuba angaphumi "esiqhingini", umyeni wakhe wasebenza usuku lonke. Ukuphikisana okuqhubekayo, okwakungakuvumeli ukuba uphumule ngisho nosuku, inqwaba yegwayi ebhemayo yanciphisa impilo kaBrezhnev. UMikhail Zhikharev, owayesebenza naye eKazakhstan, ukhumbula ukuthi uLeonid Ilyich waphelelwa ukukhathala, wathathwa waya esibhedlela, kodwa kungakapheli amahora ambalwa wayesesebenza emsebenzini.

Kanye nokukhathala okuqhubekayo, impilo kaBrzhnev yayinqotshwa ukwesaba. Umlingiswa ongaqaliwe weStalin, izinkathazo zabakwa-comrades-zikhali zakhe, futhi ukunakekelwa kwabantu njalo emisebenzini yakhe ngezinye izikhathi waphula le ndoda enamandla. Noma kunjalo, uStalin wayemthanda lo mlingani osebenzayo, wathi: umuntu ozinikezele kakhulu nguBrzhnev. Umngcwabo kaStalin, isithombe sakhe nomqondisi wakhe, uLeonid Ilyich wabhekana nesimo esiphuthumayo ngemuva. Emngcwabeni, wakhala, engafihli imizwa yakhe.

Ngokwezinkumbulo zomuntu siqu ezivela edayari, ukushaywa kokuqala kwenzeka ngo-1959 ngemuva kokuxoxisana okunzima no-AI Kirichenko. Isimo sonke sasiyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi uBrzhnev ngokwakhe wayengathandi izibhedlela nodokotela. Wayebhekwa njengesiguli esinzima, okuyinto enzima ukulala embhedeni. Ngo-1968, unobhala jikelele udlulisela inkinga ye-hypertensive ngqo eKremlin, wenqaba ukuhlala esibhedlela futhi uzama ukusebenza ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkinga zezixhobo zokukhuluma zaqala. Ngo-1974, izazi-mlando zaphawula ukwehla komgomo ozimele weBrzhnev.

Ubusuku bokufa

Ngo-Novemba 10, uViktoria Petrovna, umkaBrzhnev, wavuka ngo-8 ukuze umhlengikazi amnike umjovo we-insulini. ULeonid Ilyich wayehlezi eceleni kwakhe, futhi akazange amvuse. UVladimir Sobachenkov, onogada womnobhala jikelele, waya kuye ngemizuzu engaba ngu-20, wavula amaketeni okulala, wavula ukukhanya okuncane. Lapho ehlolisisa, le nsizwa yaqaphela ukuthi unobhala jikelele wayengaphefumulanga, futhi ngokushesha wabiza ukuvuselelwa. Udokotela Chazov E.I. Ngahamba emaminithi angu-12 ngaphambi kwe-ambulensi emotweni yami yangasese. Udokotela ngokwakhe ubike ukushona komyeni wakhe uVictoria Brezhneva futhi wacela umlindi ukuba azise iziphathimandla eziphakeme ngalesi sigameko esibuhlungu.

U-Pribytkov V. (ilungu leCPS Central Committee) uthi:

"Ngangishaywa yinkinga yokuthi ngobusuku bokufa kuleli dolobha kwakungekho post yokudokotela."

I-Medvedev V. (ukuvikelwa komuntu siqu) uyakhumbula:

"Sazi ukuthi i-akhawunti ihamba izinsuku. Wonke umuntu wayefuna ukuthi lesi senzakalo singenzeki ekushintsheni kwakhe. "

Usuku lomngcwabo kaLeonid Ilyich Brezhnev lwaqokwa ngomyalelo okhethekile ngoNovemba 15.

11 Novemba 1982

Kulolu suku leli zwe alisazi ngokufa kukaNobhala Jikelele. Isaziso esisemthethweni safika kuphela ngoNovemba 12, kodwa wonke umuntu wayezwa ukuthi kukhona okwenzekile. Ngehora lesi-12 ntambama wonke amakilasi esikoleni akhanselwa ngokuphuthumayo, iziteshi kanye neRed Square lihamba. Ngethelevishini, ushintsho lwezinhlelo, esikhundleni sezinkampani zokuzijabulisa kanye nekhonsathi ehleliwe, idrama yomlando ne-ballet.

Ikhomishana idalwe ngokuphuthumayo "emngcwabeni we-Kremlin". U-Brezhnev wathunyelwa edolobheni lase-city, lapho ayegqoke khona futhi enziwe. Ubhekene nomcimbi okhethiwe ngu Yu Andropov, njengomlandeli ozayo kuNobhala Jikelele.

Inhlekelele Yabantu

NgoNovemba 12, ngo-10 ekuseni kuthelevishini, izindaba zokufa kukaLeonid Ilyich zamenyezelwa. Ukukhala kwamenyezelwa ekamu, zonke izinyathelo zakhanselwa. Inkathi kaBrezhnev yaphela. Abantu baseRussia, naphezu kwama-anecdotes ahlubukayo mayelana nokwandiswa kwebele ngenxa ye-oda ne-languid diction, bathanda unobhala jikelele. Kwakungokuthi u-journalism kanye nebhizinisi lokuphrinta laqala ukuchuma, ngemuva kokuthi uStalin aqaphe ngokuqinile. Nakuba le makhaya ayengazi intengo yemikhiqizo, uLeonid Brezhnev wacela izibalo ngesonto lonke futhi wazi kahle ukuthi ingakanani ikhilogram yamatamatisi ayibiza. Isifiso sakhe esishisekayo kakhulu ukufakazela emhlabeni wonke ukuthi ngisho nangaphansi kwezenhlalakahle abantu bangaphila ekuchumeni.

Kodwa, ekhumbula ukuchotshozwa okumbi lapho kungcwatshwa khona uStalin, lapho abantu abaningi befa khona, uhulumeni wavala yonke imigwaqo eya eMoscow. Izakhamuzi ezikhethiwe kuphela kanye nabamele amazwe angaphandle bangakhumbula imemori. U-Brezhnev, umngcwabo wakhe owashaya umcabango ngesilinganiso sakho, ukubaluleka kanye nobubanzi bomkhosi wokulila, waya endleleni yakhe yokugcina eya emangalisweni imicabango mayelana nezinguquko ezizayo ezweni.

Inqubo yokungcwaba (isigaba 1)

Kusukela ngoNovemba 12 kuya ku-15 kubandakanya, leli zwe labika ukulila. Kuvinjelwe ukubamba noma yiziphi izenzakalo, izikole, izinkulisa, amabhizinisi amaningi kanye nezinkampani zivaliwe. Kuthelevishini nakwasakazo, zonke izinhlelo zikhanseliwe, ku-ballet yendiza yomoya.

Umlando womngcwabo kaBrezhnev uqala ngokuhlaselwa eNdlu Yezinyunyana. Noma ubani angafika eHholo Lamakholomu ukuze ahloniphe uNobhala Jikelele wezwe elikhulu. Izikhulu zaseNdiya, eziholwa nguNdunankulu u-Indira Gandhi, kanye noSihlalo weKomidi eliPhethe lezinhlangano zePalestine Liberation Liberation, Yasser Arafat, bahlonipha inkumbulo.

NgoNovemba 15, kusukela ngo-5: 00 ekuseni kuya ku-11: 00 ekuseni-ukubukela kwamalungu eSombusazwe, izibalo ezivelele zobuciko namasiko, abameli kanye nezikhonzi zamagatsha ezomnotho. Amadolobha aseMetropolitans uPimen noFilaret beza ukuzohlonipha. Ibhokisi lalihlotshiswe ngamabhande okulila inani lamamitha angu-40 nezinkulungwane zemikhosi.

Kusuka ku-11.00 amahora kuya ku-11.20 eceleni komshonile wahlala kuphela izihlobo, umfazi uVictoria Petrovna, indodakazi kaGalina, indodana kaJuri, umfowabo uJakov nodadewabo uVera.

Ngo-11: 30 ekuseni, emacinini omngcwabo womngcwabo, umkhumbi wabekwa esitokisini sesibhamu futhi kancane kancane waphumelela ehholo waya e-Red Square. Owokuqala ekuhlanganyeleni kwaba amalungu omndeni, abangane-ezandleni zikaNobhala Jikelele, amalungu e-Politburo, abaholi bezwe kanye nabaholi beqembu. Ngaphambi kokushona kwakuphethe izigqoko nezinhlamvu, kanye nemiklomelo eminingi.

Ngo-12: 45 ibhokisi lihlehliselwe ethuneni. Ihubo likazwelonke lizwakala, ngemuva kokuba lisongele izikhali, izimboni, izimoto, izinhlabamkhosi emgwaqeni kanye nomgwaqo uvule - uphawu lokuthi uBrezhnev ushonele. Umngcwabo uhambela esigabeni sesibili.

Inqubo yokungcwaba (isigaba 2)

Ngo-13: 00 abaholi beqembu nabaholi baya eMausoleum. Ukuqokwa kwamabutho emgodini waseMoscow uqala.

Umhlangano wokulila wavulwa nguAndropov, kulandelwa amanye amalunga omlobi jikelele ngezinkulumo zokuxoxisana. Ngemuva kokuba abameleli bamazwe angaphandle beya ethuneni bazokhokha inhlonipho kumuntu omkhulu.

Izwe lonke libukele bukhoma njengoba uLeonid Brezhnev ehamba ngohambo lwakhe lokugcina. Umngcwabo wawusakazwa esiteshini sokuqala sethelevishini i-Ostankino nasemsakazweni.

Izinganekwane kanye ne-curiosities yangempela

Isiqephu sokuqala emcimbini kwakuyisimo nge-oda. Ngokwesiko, i-oda ngalinye kanye nemali kufanele ifakwe emzimbeni ohlukile. Kodwa kwakukhona imiklomelo eminingi, ngakho banquma ukuthatha imiyalo eminingana, kunomngcwabo kaBrzhnev. ULeonid Ilyich, naphezu kokuhleka usulu, wayengathandanga nje ukuthola ama-oda, kodwa futhi ngokujabula okufanayo wabavuza nabanye.

Inkolelo yesibili mayelana nebhokisi eliwile liphikiswa yiwo wonke umuntu okhona emcimbini. Ngokusho kwabo, ukushaya, okuyinto ithelevishini ezwakala njengomsindo wento ewile, kuyinto volley gun okhambisana noBrzhnev yokungcwaba kanye nomngcwabo. "Baye bawahlalisa umkhumbi" kuyindaba engavamile.