ImpiloIzifo nemibandela

Flu: Umkhuhlane izinhlobo, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, zokuvimbela

Umkhuhlane - isifo yegciwane wadluliselwa droplet ukutheleleka esithinta umgudu wokuphefumula, uba yingxenye yalelo qembu Ari, okubangela eziyingozi, ezifana nenyumoniya, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukubona nokuthinta ukufa.

Minyaka yonke, ngaphezu owaziwa, zikhona amagciwane amasha nge-RNA ezishintshwe ezibangela umkhuhlane. Izinhlobo Umkhuhlane A, B no-C Minyaka yonke, kukhona Ukuvutha eziwumshayabhuqe.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi iqembu ne okungenani igciwane eliyingozi, njengoba akakubangeli izibhicongo kungagcini kuphela nezifo zokuphefumula ngaphandle ngincipha imfiva.

Igciwane band A kuhlanganisa nesigqi ezilandelayo: H1N1, N1N2, H3N2. Ngaphambilini kwakwaziwa uhlobo oluvame kakhulu Umkhuhlane A / H1N1, noma umkhuhlane wezingulube, ngaphandle ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi futhi ezanele kungaholela ekufeni.

ushintsho njalo noma ngokuguqula izakhi igciwane kuyivumela kalula bakwazi ukuphunyula mzimba support system (umuntu, izinyoni, izilwane eziyivulayo ayabulala). Nakuba abezindaba ngaphambilini itheleleke uchayeke umkhuhlane konke ukuphila kwabo, okungukuthi, umzimba aphethe eba amasosha omzimba ngokumelene igciwane obhekene umkhuhlane. Izinhlobo Umkhuhlane ehlasela abantu noma izilwane, ngeke esabizwa ziqondakala namasosha omzimba futhi ngeke aphinde ashaye umzimba, futhi kuze kube yilapho lesi sifo omzimba luyoqhubeka ngejubane.

Abantu abaningi babe kwesikhathi umzimba kokuzalwa, kodwa kungenzeka iphendukele ngokugoma.

Unyaka ngamunye, amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-25 yomphakathi jikelele agule umkhuhlane zonyaka, inani labantu ababulawa ezihambisana nalesi sifo, ezisukela 3,500 ukuze 50,000 (isilinganiso ngonyaka - 38900).

umkhuhlane kwesizini kuthinta abantu njalo ngonyaka kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-September kuya ekupheleni kuka-May, lapho ngimi sezulu ezimanzi engazinzile.

izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezithile zonyaka

Ngokuvamile, abantu ngaso sonke isikhathi uyakwazi ngokushesha ukuhlukanisa phakathi umkhuhlane somkhuhlane kanti umkhuhlane, njengoba izimpawu iyafana: phlegm, khulula awugqinsi, ukuminyana acinene, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukusinda e-emisipheni nasemalungeni, imfiva. Nakuba iningi isifo luthatha izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngaphandle ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa, kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu kanjani lesi sifo bebodwa, ngaphandle ukubandakanywa Ochwepheshe ezimweni ezithile, igcwele ukuxakeka.

Izinkinga kusuka umkhuhlane kungaba ukuzibonakalisa ku:

  • yebhaktheriya;
  • sinusitis, izithulu, izifo ezithathelwanayo of endlebeni engaphakathi;
  • amanzi emzimbeni;
  • ukuvuvukala imisipha yenhliziyo.

Kukhona iqembu elithile labantu engibathandayo yimuphi virus Umkhuhlane kungaba yingozi:

  • semadvodza abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-mathandathu anamihlanu, anamibini;
  • abesifazane zeminyaka ayisithupha nesikhombisa ubudala noma ngaphezulu;
  • izinsana esikoleni.

Ukwelashwa Umkhuhlane yezinkathi ezithile Kunconywa izidakamizwa ezifana "Theraflu", "Codelac" "Panadol", "Doctor umama".

zokugwema ukuthi asebenza kakhulu ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane: okokugqoka armbands namagciwane, lokugoma ngesikhathi esifanele, ukusetshenziswa isinqandakuvunda ngokuba magciwane yezandla, ngokuthatha amavithamini kanye ukudla izithelo nemifino.

Umkhuhlane wezilwane e abantu

Izimpawu ze-H5N1 umkhuhlane iyefana izimpawu kokuqala igciwane yezinkathi ezithile zonyaka: imfiva, ukukhwehlela, ukusinda imisipha. yezinkinga Ngakho ithuthukiswe ngendlela ukuvuvukala , amaphaphu noma ukuphefumula izinkinga ebulalayo e 70-85% of amacala. Kobukhulu isifo kuncike amasosha omzimba lesiguli noma yokugoma futhi yeka ukuthi kuyingozi kanjani umkhuhlane uhlobo ukuze umzimba ngamanye.

Inani elikhulu H5N1 elinegciwane eqoshiwe eMexico, Taiwan, Japan, kanye nase-Canada. Nokho, Okwamanje awekho amacala kwezokwelapha lapho othwala igciwane H5N1 wayengumuntu, bird flu uhlala isifo kungaba yingozi.

Nokuvinjelwa kwezifo esiyingozi

On the ukudluliswa wezinyoni umkhuhlane virus kumuntu nomuntu akukho idatha kanzima, kodwa kukhona izimo lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana ngqo izinyoni onegciwane noma ngokusebenzisa evele ingcoliswe indle yezinyoni abathengisi.

Ukutheleleka inyama noma amaqanda akukwazi, ngoba impatho ukushisa obulala igciwane.

Ekuvikeleni igciwane, kumele:

  1. Yidla kuphela amaqanda nenyama ngemva ngokucophelela ukwelashwa ukushisa imizuzu amathathu ngesikhathi 60-65 degrees;
  2. Geza izandla ngensipho namanzi amasekhondi okungenani amabili, sebenzisa isinqandakuvunda ezimweni lapho akunakwenzeka ukuqedela egeza.
  3. Ukupheka yenkukhu ngendlela ehlukile cutting ibhodi futhi endishini ehlukile.
  4. Ayifakiwe Ukudla kwabo amaqanda aluhlaza futhi iqanda nge uhhafu-kubhakwa (liquid) isikhuphasha.
  5. Gwema ukuthintana nomuntu onegciwane, uma contact sasingagwemeki, kufanele kube ekulinganiseni izinga lokushisa izinsuku ezintathu okungenani kabili ngosuku bese ubuka izimpawu amasonto.
  6. Phakathi bhubhane, futhi ukuxhumana isiguli Kunconywa ukugqoka buso, ukuyishintsha njalo ngemuva kwamahora amathathu.
  7. Yidla izithelo nemifino uvithamini C

Khumbula! lokugoma Lonyaka ngokumelene Umkhuhlane yezinkathi ezithile ungakuvumeli ukuba ukuthuthukiswa amasosha omzimba ngokumelene Umkhuhlane wezinyoni.

imithi eminye esebenza ngempumelelo ekwelapheni igciwane H5N1

Ekuboneni izinkomba ezisheshe zivele bird flu iziguli ebekiwe ezibanzi-spectrum inhibitor, ezifana neuraminidase.

Ngokuvamile, izindleko zokwelashwa izidakamizwa esetshenziswa: "Oziltamivir", "Zanimivir", "Relinza". Endabeni nokuvusa lokushisa degrees 38 Kunconywa antipyretics, ezifana acetaminophen. Lapho kuvela izinkinga lesi sifo kanye nenyumoniya esolwa antibiotic.

Kwezinye izimo, ukusetshenziswa "Antigippina", "Analgin", "ukuphuza ama-aspirin" kungaholela emiphumeleni engathí sina ezifana ubuthulu.

H1N1 futhi Umkhuhlane entsha, eyaziwa ngokuthi wezingulube

Amacala lokuqala umkhuhlane wezingulube aye alotshwa e-United Kingdom (England) ngo-2009, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa igciwane wawusufike emazweni angamakhulu amabili kuwo wonke amazwekazi.

Ngokuvamile, izimpawu izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zifana kakhulu, hhayi ngaphandle, futhi umkhuhlane wezingulube. Izinhlobo Umkhuhlane, ezifana A no-C, sibonisa izimpawu ezifanayo njengoba H1N1, kodwa ngokungafani Kuyothi kancane ubuhlungu futhi kuvimbele yezinkinga ezifana nenyumoniya yamaphaphu.

Izimpawu igciwane H1N1

Elinegciwane kuyanda ebonwe lokushisa ukuze 38-40 degrees, ikhanda sokugembula, ukuminyana acinene, kuhlangene amakhala yisisu, ukuvuvukala umphimbo, ukukhathala, isifuba esomile kanye iphika, ukusinda e-emisipheni nasemalungeni, izimpawu ubuthi.

Inkambo isifo kuncike isimo sempilo kanye amasosha omzimba kumuntu, kodwa ngokuvumelana nawo wonke H1N1 umkhuhlane waqala ukwelashwa phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala eziyisikhombisa lesi sifo, ngakho ukuphathwa kwaba yimpumelelo futhi ngaphandle izinkinga.

iqembu ingozi

Endabeni engcupheni yokuthola igciwane ukutheleleka zihlanganisa:

  • abesifazane e 1-3 senyanga yokukhulelwa;
  • abantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-engamashumi ayisithupha;
  • izinsana nezingane kuze iminyaka eyisikhombisa;
  • abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona: i-pneumonia, pyelonephritis, isifo sikashukela, yesifo senhliziyo azalwa naso, cholecystitis, isifuba somoya kwesizini.

Phezu ukuthola H1N1 izimpawu kufanele ubonane nodokotela uma awukwazi ukuzishayela i-ambulensi, ungaqala ngemithi elwa namagciwane, "Temiflyu", "Relinza", "Zanomivir" ukuthuthukisa umphumela ukulayisha umthamo kufanele kuqashelwe ngowokuqala amahora amane nesishiyagalombili.

umkhuhlane wezingulube ezinganeni iphathwa ngokuyisisekelo lisho "Temiflyu" futhi "Relinza", kodwa kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokucophelela okukhulu, njengoba cishe kubonisa imiphumela eminingi engemihle njengezindlela ezifana kobukhulu ubuhlungu besisu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, izimpawu ubuthi oyingozi.

Umkhuhlane entsha kungenzeka ukuba ayeke lokugoma ngesikhathi esifanele kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ukuba bagome abantu engozini.

ungakwazi agweme amagciwane, uma abazidebeseleli izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

  • ukusebenzisa izicubu alahlwayo namakhala lapho ukhwehlela noma sneezing;
  • isandla inhlanzeko nobuso;
  • pholisa igumbi ukugcina izimpahla zasendlini ehlanzekile;
  • ukusebenzisa ibhandishi zokuzivikela;
  • ukuqhuba yokugoma ngesikhathi esifanele.

umkhuhlane wezingulube ezinganeni ngokuvamile kuba umqedazwe.

I zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho emlandweni igciwane umkhuhlane

"Spanish Flu", noma umkhuhlane waseSpain - igciwane ukuthi yabulala inombolo omkhulu ezimpilweni emlandweni wesintu. Siyazi kusuka emlandweni ukuthi 1920-1921 (20 izinyanga) zazinayo nabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-600, okusho ukuthi abangamaphesenti angu-30 abahlala kulo mhlaba behlangene. Ngokusho inani lokufa, ubhubhane ingenye izinhlekelele ezinkulu emlandweni wesintu. Igciwane okubangela ubhubhane lwe kuyingozi ngakho - A / 1N1N1.

Izimpawu zesifo:

  1. Ubumpunga blue ukubonakala.
  2. Cyanosis.
  3. inyumoniya ezithathelwanayo.
  4. Ukukhwehlela igazi.
  5. Isinyathelo esinda ephelezelwa khona igazi emaphashini, kamuva kuyizindlela zokufa ukungawutholi umoya mpilo owanele.

Lesi sifo kungathatha indawo futhi akukho izimpawu, kodwa kulokhu isiguli eshona ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Umkhuhlane waseSpain lethiwa endaweni ngalo sokuqala esilotshwe bhubhane - Spain.

umkhuhlane isisu

Izinhlobo umkhuhlane, ezifana Rotavirus unesifo noma Gastroenteritis, eqinisweni, umkhuhlane akubhekwa njenge-ejenti causative of lesi sifo singumbulali calicivirus okubangela ukuvuvukala yaleli pheshana emathunjini wabantu. Empeleni, lesi sifo wahlupheka izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-iminyaka eyisikhombisa, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile, abadala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umkhuhlane emathunjini e abadala abanesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esiqinile kungavuka ifomu esicashile, ukululama ephelele kulokhu kuza esikhathini esingaphansi kwesonto.

Ngokuvamile, igciwane lingena emzimbeni nge abampofu inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu. Ngo abantu, umkhuhlane esiswini ibizwa ngokuthi "isifo yezandla ezingcolile".

Izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa umkhuhlane esiswini

Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa ngaphambi ukubukeka isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukukhishwa isisu kanye ukukhwehlela ne phlegm, izimpawu umphimbo obuhlungu, amakhala yisisu, okwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Ngesikhathi izimpawu zokuqala zesifo kumele uxhumane nodokotela ngubani ezinqunyiwe nemithi ekuthuthukiseni enzyme of ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, ezifana "carbon ocushiwe", "Filtrum" "Smekta", "Polysorb".

Yedwa nge umkhuhlane

Ngokuhlukaniswa - isilinganiso kuvinjelwe izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. isikhathi ngokuhlukaniswa, kuncike ngobucayi isifo futhi inani ezomhlaba itheleleke ngeliviki.

Iningi ngokuvamile limenyezelwe Umkhuhlane ngokuhlukaniswa esikoleni noma enkulisa, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba wengane ingakamiswa owabunjwa, umzimba awukwazi ukumelana ukutheleleka.

Ngokuhlukaniswa wamemezela ukuthi uma isikole is hhayi ningi than amabili amaphesenti ezingane.

Ngaphambi ubhubhane olulindelekile kuyadingeka ukuba bagome abadala nezingane (nge imvume yomzali), pholisa igumbi, zokukhipha igciwane umsebenzi evele, gwema izixuku ezinkulu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula, esikhathini sodwa Umkhuhlane noma SARS uvinjelwe lokugoma prophylactic futhi Mantoux test.

Izinyathelo nokuvimbela umkhuhlane

Odokotela batusa njengoba isilinganiso izifo ukuze uqinise umzimba wakho nasemasosheni omzimba unyaka wonke esebenzisa tempering, umsebenzi amakilasi, umsoco futhi edonsa amavithamini namaminerali. Indlela ephumelela kunazo ngokugoma ngokumelene Umkhuhlane izinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba lo mqedazwe olulindelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphakathi kufanele afake izifihla-buso zokuzivikela, ukushintsha kubo njalo ngemuva kwamahora amathathu.

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