Foot truss: incazelo, ikakhulukazi ukubala izilinganiso

Ukwakhiwa kophahla lwendlu sokugcina sokwakha. Lo mcimbi ezibalulekile, okuyinto incike kokubili ukuqina wokusebenza ukwakhiwa nokuphepha wabantu abahlala lapha. Ngaphandle ukubala efanele kuleli cala akwanele.

elementi okuphoqelekile lonke uhlelo kunomshayo umlenze. Kuyoba akhawunti umthwalo unomphela futhi yesikhashana. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokwenza ukufakwa ophahleni bebodwa, kumelwe uzijwayeze yonke imininingwane yale nqubo. Kukhona imithetho ethile kanye nemigomo elawula ilungiselelo truss uhlelo.

izici Jikelele

uhlelo Umkhqizi ophahleni iyona esemqoka ukwesekwa isakhiwo. It ebangela umthwalo ngobuningi. Ukuqinisekisa nokwethenjelwa kohlelo, unyawo umshayo ngamunye unamathele isandla. Lokhu kuvumela ophahleni ukumelana nomoya ipheshulwa, iqhwa emigodini eminye imiphumela.

Indaba lezi timphawu tesakhiwo kuyinto izinkuni kaningi. Kulula ukulungisa, futhi izindleko ziyancipha kakhulu. Kufanele uyinaka le isinqandakuvunda futhi umlilo impregnation ekhethekile.

I engela ukuthambekela izakhi ophahleni emthambekeni ophahleni kulingana skates. Ngezansi umshayo uhlezi phezu mauerlat. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusabalalisa umthwalo ngokulinganayo. Phezulu kulezi zingxenye kusekelwe imithi ukunxusa isihloko noma Lesisemkhatsini.

Semishayweni ngezinye izikhathi obizwa nangokuthi unyawo idayagonali noma nakosnoy futhi nje semishayweni.

umthwalo

Umshayo unyawo echayeke izingcindezi ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu ukuhlukahluka unomphela futhi yesikhashana. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa isisindo ingqikithi, okuyinto inohlelo truss, kanye nezinye izinto ukufulela (umusi isithiyo, ungangenisi amanzi, ukufulela, slate). Iphinde ifaka izinto umhlobiso ingaphakathi noma ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu.

Imithwalo singenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Abakwazi ibalwe cishe kuphela. Kulokhu acabangele esiphezulu kwezulu kungenzeka okungase kwenzeke kule zoni sezulu. Futhi ophahleni kungathinta emoyeni. Uma kule ndawo futhi eside zinamandla amakhulu, kufanele acabangele lesi sici izibalo.

Kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele isisindo abantu siyofeza ukwakhiwa kophahla noma isevisi esikhathini esizayo, kanye inani amathuluzi abo. Cabangela umthwalo, ezizohlinzeka imishini ezengeziwe (ngefasitele, antenna, aeration, ukupholisa nokunye. D.). Uma uphahla izofakwa izindawo ezengeziwe, futhi acabangele isisindo sabo.

imithetho ukubala

Ukuze enze ukubala imilenze truss, kulandela nokuhlolwa umthwalo ukucacisa uhlobo impahla, kanye ukubukwa kakhulu kohlelo ukufulela. Kungaba imiswe noma naslonnoy. Esimweni sokuqala, imishayo amaphuzu amabili, kodwa okuyizinto ukwesekwa kakhulu. Lokhu kwakha amandla okuncane nendawo. Imilenze Trusses enze umsebenzi kokucindezelwa nokugotshiswa. Ukuze wehlise mzamo, kwenziwe ngosizo inyunyana yabo amabhanela.

Naslonny design hlobo esebenzayo izakhiwo kanye naphakathi eziveza udonga noma isekela Lesisemkhatsini, imikhawulo okuyinto adjoin izindonga zangaphandle. Umshayo unyawo ngesikhathi esifanayo wenza umsebenzi a ukugoba. Kulokhu, izindleko sezizonke indaba encishisiwe. Kodwa isimiso esinjalo kufanelekile kuphela kulezo zakhiwo, okuyinto izisekelo kuthiwa zishiyane hhayi angaphezulu kwangu-6.5 m.

Izibalo futhi acabangele engela ukuthambekela ophahleni. Kulesi sigaba, cabanga ngokusebenzisa yimuphi izakhi ezengeziwe kohlelo.

obuphelele

umshayo obuphelele nayo kubalwa ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imibandela yokusebenza yamanje ophahla. Ekuqaleni kumele ukunquma usayizi isakhiwo ngokwaso. Lokhu ucabangela zonke projection, kovulandi, attics, okubandakanya uhlelo zokwakha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho wacabanga phezu ukuma engela emthambekeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusekelwe ukwaziswa okutholakala, akhethiwe umshayo obuphelele. Ngokuvamile, leli nani ingeqi 6 m. Lokhu kungenxa kwenziwe izilinganiso amapulangwe ithunyelwa. Ukuze uthenge imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene eside, kuyodingeka ukhokhe imali efanele imali.

Uma kudingeka, lokhu timphawu tesakhiwo ziyanda. Isidingo semishayweni eside ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuvuselelwa hipped, poluvalmovaya noma Trusses idayagonali.

kwesigaba

Ngemva kokubala obuphelele ukuze kunqunywe esiphambanweni kwesigaba umshayo. On uhlobo ehlaselwe izici eziningana. Zonke izimo ezisebenza ethize ophahleni, kuyodingeka value kule nqubo. umthwalo ezingeni, emthambekeni ophahleni, uhlobo kophahla kufanele ucabangele uma kukhethwa isigaba. Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile endaweni ingqikithi ukwakhiwa, ukulungiswa yayo. Izinto ezingaphezu oluzothinta ngesikhathi operation ukwakhiwa, esigabeni ebanzi semishayweni okufanele akhethwe.

Futhi ungakhohlwa acabangele ngokukhethekile sezulu zone. Kubalulekile ngokushesha ukuhlela uhlobo impahla esetshenziswa ekwakhiweni semishayweni. Ngokuvamile, lolu khuni. Kufanele kube asezingeni elifanele. Izinkuni umswakama Trusses kumele kube 20-22%.

Namuhla, kunamabandla izinhlelo eziningi ezikhethekile ezikuvumela ukubala cross-ingxenye umshayo. Ukuze ugweme amaphutha, kufanele usebenzise kubo. Kodwa ilungelo ukuphathisa lo msebenzi ochwepheshe. Ethandwa kakhulu usayizi Sectional - 50 kuya ku-150 mm.

isinyathelo ukubekwa

Umshayo ngezinyawo, izilinganiso okuye ibalwa ngokuhambisana ukwakhiwa ezinhle umkhuba, idinga ukufakwa efanele. Lokhu kuzodinga isinyathelo ukubala ukustaka yalezi timphawu tesakhiwo.

Kulokhu, indima ebalulekile udlalwa by umthwalo, ezithinta la maqiniso angenhla ophahleni. Kahle ukukhetha nemingcele semishayweni ngosizo amatafula ekhethekile, ungakwazi ukubala isinyathelo ukustaka. Nge esayizini kwesigaba (50 150 mm) kanye nobude 3 m ibanga phakathi imishayo kuyoba 1 m.

Uma ezingeni umthwalo kuphezulu, leli nani sinciphile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene wonke amacala ahoxiswa ophahleni. Endabeni Trusses nge ejwayelekile cross-section kodwa ubude 4-4.5 m, iphimbo phakathi timphawu tesakhiwo kuyehla kube cm 60.

Emthambekeni ophahleni kuqakathekile izibalo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma emthambekeni 45 degrees trusses isinyathelo ongafinyelela 120-140 cm. Kodwa uma yokulahlekelwa ezingomakhelwane semali kwezulu, lesi sibalo sehliselwe 60-80 cm.

izisekelo obandayo

Node umshayo inezigaba eziningana. Lezi zihlanganisa ibhawudo, yokubeka futhi struts. Kubaluleke ngokukhethekile indlela labahlanganyela ngayo simiso ububanzi ezincane. Uma ungaphenduki, isakhiwo ekugcineni truss kungaba ehle. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlomisa grille ekhethekile.

Imilenze semishayweni, njengoba ayaziwa esekelwe mauerlat. sici bakhe bawelela ngaphesheya kwesifufula ububanzi ukwakhiwa noma buyela nje ngaphansi wetincenye teluhlaka. Uma lokhuni truss uhlelo, mauerlat eyenziwe izingodo noma amapulangwe. Lona ukuphakama nohlaka. Kodwa izakhiwo isitini mauerlat efakwe ezishaywayo ebusweni engaphakathi izindonga. Fit therebetween ungangenisi amanzi ungqimba.

Ukufakwa kophahla ezivamile

Umshayo unyawo futhi mauerlat enze izakhi ezibalulekile kakhulu lonke isakhiwo. On the ngokunemba ukufakwa kwabo kuncike izinga ophahla. Abakwazi ukukhwezwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Ukufakwa esiqinile noma beya. zinhlobo okulungile kukhethiwe ngokuvumelana uhlobo truss uhlelo (naslonnaya, uhlanganyela).

Ngesandla Esiqinile okunamathiselwe uhlobo kuqinisekisa baxhashazwe isakhiwo. Kulokhu, imishayo ukwenza gashes. teluhlaka awashintsheki ngu metal ezizibeni, emakhoneni, ngocingo noma izipikili eside.

Esishelelayo uxhumano ubizwa nangokuthi zungeza. Uma ufuna ukuqinisekisa inkululeko sokulungisa izakhi lokhuni olukulesi Uhlaka, lolu hlobo ukufakwa kungcono. On semishayweni ukwenza ukuphuza futhi uvikelekile ngezipikili ezimbili mauerlat. Bona ibhoboze obliquely. Enye nail okhandwe ngesando phezulu.

Ukufakwa ophahleni gambrel

Ngezinye ilungiselelo hipped ophahleni umlenze truss ngokuvamile isikhathi eside kunaleso 6 m. Lapha efunekako ukwenza. amabhodi amabili truss zalala. Kulokhu, ufuna ukuqinisa kubo. Le nqubo ihilela ilungiselelo struts. Lokhu uprights mpo, okuyinto ukwakhiwa isethwe ayibi ngaphezu kuka-2 izicucu.

Lezi azowalekelela zisekelwe ulwelwesi lwesisu, kwenze ugodo. It is ogibele ophahleni noma Puff. izakhi truss Ovundlile zihlale isikhathi eside kunaleso ezejwayelekile. Basuke sesimeni umthwalo, okuyinto engcono kakhulu izikhathi 1.5 kunokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, inqubo inzuzo kulokhu nje Irreplaceable.

Njengoba bazijwayeze izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi unyawo truss, umakhi ngamunye imfundamakhwela akwazi ukungena shí inqubo ekwakhiweni kophahla. Ngokuhambisana zonke amakhodi wokwakha neziqondiso , ongayifinyelela high quality design.