Francisco Franco: A Biography nomsebenzi zezombusazwe

Lapho -Spanish Yombango UJenene Francisco Franco (Francisco Paulino Ermenehildo Teodulo Franco Bahamonde - igama lakhe egcwele) kugujwa sorokachetyrohletie yayo kodwa kwabonakala kakade ukhathele yimpilo futhi emdala iminyaka yakhe. Ngu ukubukeka unpresentable wanezela ngokwengeziwe futhi ukukhathala, nakuba kukhona izinsolo ukuthi ngokwezinga elikhulu sasishaywe lobuzenzisi.

On the zemilenze, emfushane, (157 amasentimitha), kwakhahlela, nge Ukubhoboza izwi shrill, ukuthinta sezimiso Gen. esilwaneni sakhe German abangane-ezimhlophe abukeka wadida: kwaba amaJuda uma izimpande zakhe. Besambathekile ngokuba ngezizathu babe mikhulu: enhlonhlweni yase-Iberia uvikelekile ku Cordoba mayelana eyodwa yesishiyagalombili labantu Semites. Kukhona futhi emakhulwini amaningi wabusa Arabhu, futhi Franco wayengekho Castilia, wazalwa Galicia, eyayihlala isiPutukezi.

Julayi 18th

Njengoba sazi-ke, namuhla ngo-1936 waqala sezulu sezulu njalo ekuseni, okuyinto kwaba uphawu for ekuqaleni kwavukelwa: ". Ngokuhamba Spain esibhakabhakeni Licwathile" Ivukela-republic kunazo zonke kwaba senziwa Republican. Leftists ka yonke imibala Ugcwalise uhulumeni: Social Democrats, kanye Socialists, futhi Trotskyites, futhi izidlamlilo - futhi kwesokunxele-wing ukuchema ngokokukhetha usuku steepened.

Impi yabashokobezi edonse, neziyaluyalu, inhlokomo kwezomnotho ezibhekene amazwe wokugoqa nalezo zinxushunxushu. Bangene ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu zezombusazwe, esikhundleni abantu base benikela kuphela iziqubulo ukusebenza, ongumlimi Spanish wayengasakwazi ukondla isipho kweqembu abaholi, bagqugquzela-zabakhuluma, futhi ukuhweba khulula wawuwuvimbele Republican. Kulesi simo, i-pendulum zezombusazwe asikwazanga ukuthola umhlabathi ophakathi, kusukela kakhulu kwesokunxele, wagijima waya ekugcineni ngakwesokudla.

Maphakathi amandla ngokuya kokuxhumana izithakazelo ayitholakalanga. ESpain, ngaphezu kwakho konke kugunyaza yeSonto LamaKatolika enjengokuba isikhungo inkulumo-ze. Kuze kube namuhla, Spain - ezweni labantu bayithanda kakhulu inkolo. Nakuba Republic akazange alinge afeze de-yobuKristu, ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu namanje Ngakho-ke, lapho sibhekene ibandla, baba igazi isitha, futhi mass esikhulu ethembekileyo - izitha ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezifihliwe.

Abasekeli Francisco Franco

izimfanelo Right futhi okuhle: ke labuswa misoneism zezombusazwe aminyene futhi obscurantism. abaninimhlaba yezinjinga nokuhleleka mossy nezicukuthwane ezikhanyisa futhi anamathela out esifubeni ezingasekelwe ndawo, ngoba babengakwazi ngokuvamile finance kulokhu kuvukela. Yingakho amaNazi Spanish bacela usizo Italy neJalimane, lebutho ukubuthwa abalimi luphumelele baqatsha Arab-namaBerber abacibishelayo kusukela Morocco.

Republican azizange zisinde kulobu insimu yalo kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo nokubusa ngobunxiwankulu, kodwa lamaNazi neze kunabayeni nabo unya. Kunalokho, lingabantu ababekade ixhunyiwe nebhande lakhe. Abavukeli wathatha phezu kwamahlombe iziqubulo, ayikuthandi undlovukayiphikiswa isiJalimane isiNtaliyane abaseSpain undlovukayiphikiswa wafuna "abantu, amakhosi ohlanga nokholo."

Mangisho, uMussolini edelelekile ohlanga kanye yesonto nandaba kuye. UHitler ubuKristu zamaSemite. Francisco Franco khona internationalist: Spanish ngaye babe zonke izakhamuzi, ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa uhlanga futhi isizwe. nemibono yayo wayengumKatolika, futhi wayeya ukubuyisela ohlanga.

Elawula ngaphansi umlilo

Standing ngasekhanda yezwe, Francisco Franco Bahamonde akazange azethembe. Ngoba kule sikhundla kwakunzima kakhulu. Indlela ukudonsa Spain aphume lokhu quagmire, kuyilapho kulondolozwa amandla, akazi. Yimi kuphela wabona ukuthi ikhuluma yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba kuphela kungenzeka ukuba sifinyelele isixazululo salezi imibuzo emibili.

Francisco Franco waqaphela ukuthi uMussolini kanye Hitler ngempela ukudonselwa impi yezwe. Bese-ke, uma bewina, Spain sika ngokuphelele engeke azuze lutho futhi uma ulahlekelwa, Spain ngeke usaba khona.

Futhi Francisco Franco, ogama biography is sihleli yonke le ikhuluma Amazing, wamemezela hlangothi. ukuthinta friendly, yebo, kuze kube sohlangothini kaHitler kwakunamandla kangakanani, kodwa yokuthi lena igcinwe kudanyana kude.

izenzo nakuba

Ngokwesibonelo, Franco avunyelwe ngwenya German kanye yempi ngokusekelwe amatheku iSpanishi, ebanikeza ugwayi, amawolintshi namanzi okuphuza. Futhi wathatha imikhumbi evela Argentina nge inyama nokusanhlamvu eJalimane, avunyelwe ukusithwala zonke olunqamula eSpain. Kodwa, lapho impi ne Russia, hhayi subordinated ekuhlukaneni Wehrmacht wakuthuma emuva. amabutho aseJalimane ensimini ka Spain awukaqali.

Francisco Franco, izingcaphuno ngisho nje izitatimende okuyinto Usufike nathi nenani ingenkulu kakhulu, leli nxusa lathi German wathi: "Le nqubomgomo imadolonzima kuphela izithakazelo Spain It okudingekayo futhi Germany Kusukela Spain, enika eJalimane tungsten kanye neminye imikhiqizo ezingavamile manje .. eJalimane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukudlula ngisho Spain, abathintekayo empini. "

Franco wazivumela ukuba akhulume ngenhlonipho cishe Churchill, eNgilandi agcinwayo enobudlelwane nawo. Wakhuluma ngezinyoni Stalin ngaphandle imizwelo kakhulu. Lokhu kuqothulwa kohlanga yamaJuda ngaphansi umashiqela kwaba singasebenzi ngokuphikisana nabo ngisho izinyathelo eqine azisuswanga. Yingakho ngemva kwempi e-Spain ezingafakwanga amasosha sokusebenzisana anti-Hitler: ngezizathu esisemthethweni wayengekho.

izikhulu German ezempi kanye ophakeme wazama ukufihla eSpain, umashiqela ukuchilizwa eLatin America. Lokhu ngezinga eliphezulu ukujika uyakufanelekela cwaningo. Ngoba okunye - kusukela ekuqaleni caudillo Francisco Franco.

lempi lezinceku

Caudillo - iyinhloko isimo ukuphila. Lokhu umkhuzi Spanish lifinyelele ezinegunya enjalo naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wazalwa 1892 edolobheni elisogwini El Ferrol, Galicia, emkhayeni omkhulu nge isikhulu okulula base wamabutho asolwandle eliseduze. Ubani futhi badela umndeni wakhe washiya phakathi ezinye izingane futhi Francisco abasha Franco, ogama isidlaliso kakade Paquito ( "duck"). Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho umfana waba ebhekiwe nakakhulu futhi ube nemfihlo.

I Military Academy of Toledo, inhlokodolobha medieval yezwe, umashiqela esizayo iseyintsha yayihlala akuyona kwenjabulo kakhulu. Skinny, undersized, lathathwa the umama nobaba ayishiya nekhanda lakhe bacwiliswa cwaningo futhi uthuthuka kulo mkhakha. Kamuva, kakade esenkonzweni, Francisco eziza kuqala akukashintshi, futhi ngezinye amathathu nantathu, waba Jikelele - Jikelele ngaphansi kwakhe ngaleso sikhathi wayengekho Spain noma e-Europe.

Morocco

Ngaphambi kuka-1926 - kwaba kuleli koloni, Morocco, lapho ingxenye Legion iSpanishi, ubuhanjelwe abaxoshiweyo eminingi yomphakathi. Kuyoba main isiteleka amandla, lapho Francisco Franco nesikhathi sakhe ngeke ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.

Ngalesi sikhathi, umashiqela esizayo eshade uCarmen Polo, le noblewoman ephezulu ozalwa ababefuna iminyaka eyisithupha. INkosi u-Alfonso XI yena ahlonishwe emshadweni wabo ngisho uyise posazhonnym ikusasa jikelele sika. Kulesi umshado nendodakazi - Maria del Carmen - sengibuyile eSpain.

irekhodi

Umashiqela angaleso sikhathi, nowayesebuse leliya lizwe - Primo de Rivera - ezine esikoleni sobusosha benziwe eyodwa. Ngakho emzini Zaragoza uye abe litheku entsha Fransisko Franko, ogama isidlaliso muntu alikhumbule. UMphathi Jikelele Military Academy ayikwazi njengebhongo Babukeka babahle kepha mine. Ngo-1931, le nhlangano uyekwa.

umlando Landelayo ka Francisco Franco likhulu kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo. Wakhonza ngaphansi kwamakhosi, Republican futhi Ababesadla ngoludala. Futhi behamba Galicia, futhi ucindezele ukuvukela e Asturias, futhi kokuba cishe wadingiselwa zaseBalearic bese ukuba abantu abalisebenzisayo eziQhingini zaseCanary, it is ngokuqhubekayo wathutha ngokusebenzisa le nkonzo. Nazi abantu abalisebenzisayo eziQhingini zaseCanary futhi efika yocingo ethunyelwe 17 Julayi 1936. Kepha landizela kuqala Morocco.

fratricide

Futhi eSpain, ekuhlatshweni uyaqhubeka. Francisco Franco kwaba phezulu ukuvukela anti-republic njengoba amaFascist, monarchists, naphezu kwezinkinga elalibhekene kokungahoshelani, embona njengomuntu sibalo ebucayini, akwazi ukuthola zifana ngoba isivumelwano amaqembu aphikisanayo.

Lokho Franco wavumelana uHitler uMussolini ku usizo lwebutho, ngaleyo ndlela kokunqoba phezu Republican. Lwaba generalissimo. Futhi izwe iminyaka emithathu olunegazi elahlekile anamakhulu asixhenxe amawaka ezakhamuzi zayo e bhé, ngezinye nanhlanu amawaka, anamanci mathathu amawaka, ukuqhuma kwamabhomu ukufa irowu.

ngemva kwempi

Zonke izinto eziphikisanayo emangalisayo ukulawula kuphela nomthelela amandla kwamandla umashiqela futhi ukwandisa ukwethenjelwa kwalo. Ngo neMpi Yezwe angizanga: civil ngokwanele. Nge amazwe anti-Hitler sokusebenzisana kwabathandanayo spoilt. Ngisho ngaphandle nibonakala kubantu nilungile it is washintsha ne minyaka edlule uye abe ngokubabazekayo futhi Circumlocution. Photo Francisco Franco kuleyo minyaka ngokucacile umuntu ezethemba nge oqinile futhi amehlo Ukubhoboza.

Nokho, umnotho kanjalo kubukela phansi impi yombango, eziletha konke kuhlulekile kusukela ikhoma. autarky adherent nokulawula yesimo sezomnotho, Franco ayengeke azigcine kabusha. Izwe isibe kwezomnotho nesandla esivulekile, ukungeniswa dolobha kwagelezela kwamanye amazwe eSpain.

Indlela eya kwamakhosi

I-UN walahla umbuso Franco njengoba uhulumeni wobushiqela, kodwa cishe kuyo yonke emazweni Western asekelwe lowo muntu okuqinile anti-nobukhomanisi. Ngo-1969, umashiqela kakhulu abaseminyakeni yobudala ephakathi wamemezela ukuba angene esikhundleni sakhe, Juan Carlos, Prince, umzukulu ka-Alfonso - uyise posazhonnogo Franco lomshado. Kancane kancane Spain wabuyela intando yeningi kanye neNgonyama eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. Kodwa kuze 1975, lapho-ke sekwenzeka, namanje kude kakhulu.

Isimo post-yimpi sibucayi kakhulu. ESpain, usizo ngokwezimali kwenqatshiwe, UN ayivunyelwe kuze 1955, NATO akazange athathe. Kusukela ngo-1947, i-caudillo ukuthi ayehileleke bekhulisa isikhulu ezincane, ukulungiselela kuye ngoba isiphetho kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi. Uma elapho, wayeya esontweni naye, wakhuluma, funda kuye, ngoba siqaphela ukuthi inkosi kungaba ithoyizi ungakulungele ezandleni bamazwe noma intriguers ziyokonakalisa lizwe, wehluleka ukubhekana ifa ossified.

Conservative umbuso yokushisekela izwe kuleli zwe yimithetho kwezempi-oligarchic. Phrinta - ukucwaninga ukuphikiswa zezombusazwe - ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu, amaqembu kanye zabasebenzi - ukwenqatshelwa ephelele, umsebenzi ngasese - isigwebo sokufa. Okokuqala - isiyalo. Ngisho isonto wayalelwa ukuba landise inani lawo izindela, wahileleka kakhudlwana emisebenzini zezwe.

sinjalo kwezomnotho

Ngo-1955, Spain e-United Nations ekugcineni yokutholwa, futhi waqala sesimanje kancane kancane. Technocrats, nezitha ngabodwa wezwe kusukela emnothweni dolobha angaphandle (autarky), yazuza ukulawula emnothweni. Ukubolekwa kwemali zazitholakala ngokuvumelana uhlelo yokululama kwezomnotho yezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, ababuthakathaka control zokuphatha phezu umnotho.

inhlokodolobha Foreign ogelezayo emfuleni ezibanzi eSpain, i-peseta baba Convertible ngokukhululekile. Kodwa Franco wayilandela embusweni wentando yeningi akuzange bagamanxela kokuphila komphakathi ezindabeni zezombangazwe zomphakathi. Kuphela emkhakheni emnothweni wavulwa kuye. Ngakho, kuze kube sekufeni umashiqela sika ngo-November 1975, Spain Sasinjani isimo kobushiqela.

Izincwadi ukufunda kuwufanele

"Imfihlo Zezombusazwe Madrid", "Francisco Franco nesikhathi sakhe 'namanye amabhuku kahle embule inkambo imicimbi eSpain ecishe ibe ikhulu. Lona umsebenzi kakhulu. Ubhale Svetlana yabo Pozharsky. Francisco Franco, undlovukayiphikisa wezinguquko ubhekana umfundi zonke ukukhula kwakhe uphansi futhi kumenza zonke ubuntu bakhe giant. Pozharskaya kwenziwe kuqala ezweni lethu wokulandisa ku Franco, esehlanganise naso sonke isikhathi sokuphila caudillo kanye nomlando ebanzi. Lapha kukhona ukuhlaziywa ongaqaqiwe kokuntengantenga somphakathi izimbangela Francoism. Iqhaza hispanism Russian S. P. Pozharskoy ukuthi kuyancomeka eSpain.

Kuyaqhubeka ukuthungathwa intatheli ecophelelayo kwaholela kwatholakala into emangalisayo: kumbhali zitholwa kuye eSpain incwadi "Freemasonry" - UFrancisco Franco, owasebenzisa leli gama sokwakha lolu zungu. Lo msebenzi - umsebenzi omkhulu zefilosofi nemfundiso itulo ithiyori, lapho kuyadalulwa izindlela eziningi kwethonya abantu abaphezulu, ukwethulwa kwe-amandla abameleli Freemasonry.