Ukudweba kukaLucien Freud ngezihloko

Ngokuphambene nombono ocacile, ukubonakala komdwebo ngendlela ehlanzekile kuyinto engavamile futhi kunomlando omude. Imidwebo kaLucien Freud, oyedwa wabadwebi bezithombe zangekhulu lama-20, nayo kunzima ukufakazela ngokungabonakali ubuciko obuyiqiniso, nakuba kubo indoda ivela ngaphandle kokuhlobisa okuncane, okungenayo zonke izinhlobo zezingubo ezikhohlisayo ...

Umzukulu womsunguli we-psychoanalysis

Uyise kaLucien u-Ernst Ludwig Freud, indodana encane kunaSigmund Freud, owenza isintu sibukeke ngendlela entsha, isimo semicabango yabantu, izifiso nezenzo. Umzukulu waba yindlalifa efanelekayo kumkhulu odumile: imidwebo kaLucien Freud ngokusebenzisa umdwebo wabonisa ukujula okusha kwendawo yonke yomuntu.

Wazalwa ngo-1922 eVienna, kodwa lapho amaNazi eqala ukubusa eJalimane ngo-1933, yena nomndeni wakhe bathuthela e-UK. Ekuqaleni umfana akakhululekile ezweni elisha. I-English engalungile ibangela isizungu, abazali bayisekela ngokugcwele isifiso sakhe sokudweba, futhi umculi uLucien Freud, odwebayo ozobiza izigidi, uqala uhambo lwakhe olude, olwalugcina kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi leminyaka ezayo.

Sesha wena

Okokuqala komculi usebenza ngezindlela eziningi kufana nomoya wamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini elidlule: akazange alahle umdwebo ongokomfanekiso ngenxa yokukhishwa okuphelele, kodwa wafuna ukubukeka okusha ezungezile. Wenqaba noma yikuphi ithonya lamakhosi abadlulile noma abaphila ngesikhathi esifanayo, kodwa ezinye zezithombe zikaLucien Freud zesigaba sokuqala sokudala zibhekwa njenge-surreal. Lokhu kubonakala kuqondakalayo - kwakuyimibono kayise wakhe ukuthi ngezindlela eziningi kwaba yisisekelo semfundiso yamanje.

Leli "Igumbi Lomculi" (1943-1944) enekhanda le-zebra, ngokuqondile libheke esikhaleni sokudala se-brashi. Kodwa lezi motifs zingabhekwa njengengozi: uLucien uthola ukubukeka okukude, okubonakalayo okubonakalayo, i-filigree, imidwebo eqondile neyinkimbinkimbi ye "Durer" ("Hare ngoSihlalo," 1944) futhi okokuqala ngendlela elula futhi elula, efana nesitayela sezinduna zokuvuselela futhi I-Renaissance yaseNyakatho. I-portraits yokuqala ephawulekayo ibonakala: "Owesifazane onomuthi we-Tulip" (1945), "I-Portrait yomuntu ene-noodle" (1945), njll.

Uhlobo oluyinhloko

Uthi wayehlale ekhululekile kakhulu ukuxhumana nezilwane ... Ubuciko bakhe bezilwane - "Foal" (1970), "Eli" (2002), "Greyding Grey" (2003) yaziwa kabanzi; Ukuphila kwakhe okwamanje kuhlatshwa umxhwele ngamasu nokuqukethwe - "Ibhokisi lama-apula eWales" (1939), "I-Still Life eneNcwadi" (1991-1992), kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ukudweba kukaLucien Freud kuyizithombe.

Akalokothi abhale izithombe ezijwayele ukuzenzela noma ezenziwa ngokomkhosi, ngaphandle kwesithombe esidumile seNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II (2000-2001), futhi wayehlala eheha kuphela labo abamthakazelisayo futhi ababazi kahle. Ngezici eziningi kwaqala ngomkami wokuqala - Kitty Garman, abahlala nabo iminyaka emine. Emifanekisweni yakhe - "The Girl in the Jacket Dark" (1947), "The Girl with the Kitten" (1947), "Intombazane ene-White Dog" (1952) - inkosi ithola isihloko sayo esiyinhloko, kodwa iqhubeka isesha isitayela esihle.

UFrancis Bacon. Ukubukeka Okubukhali

Umculi kuphela uFrud ongambiza umeluleki wakhe kwakungenye yobuciko bokudweba kwempi - uFrancis Bacon, owayeneminyaka engu-15 ubudala kunaye. Zibonakaliswa ndawonye emgodini waseBrithani Great embukisweni waseVenice, uFreud ubhala amaningana emifanekiso yakhe.

Kukholelwa ukuthi ngaphansi kwethonya likaBacon ukuthi indlela enhle kakhulu uLucien Freud eyaziwa ngayo ekugcineni yenziwa. Ukudweba kwakhe kulahlekelwa ukubushelela kwayo, indlela yokuphelela ekuhloliseni, abalingiswa abalahlekelwe ukukhanya okukhanyayo futhi babe namandla kakhulu, bathola inyama negazi, futhi le nyama ayifanele, inezibonakaliso ezingokwemvelo nangokwemvelo, kuyizinto eziphilayo, i-portraits ithola isikhumba esibhaliwe nesinwele esibangela Izinzwa ezithinta kakhulu.

Enye ubuhle

U-Lucien Freud uthi: "Ngibhala abantu ngendlela engaba ngayo. Izithombe zesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwakhe ukudala zikhuluma ngomuntu ngendlela engemukelekile phambi kwakhe. Umculi udala indlela eyingqayizivele emfanekisweni wobunqunu. Ude kakhulu emasikweni afundiswa futhi ajwayelekile, ahamba ngaphezu kwe-Impressionists, ebonisa ngesibindi isisindo somzimba womuntu, ubunzima bayo. Kuye, into esemqoka umqondo wokuba khona, ukubhekana nokuhlangana nomlingisi. Ubuhle bokulingana nokuhlanganiswa kombala kuba okubalulekile, ubuhle buba buhlukile.

Kukhona into emangalisayo: ubuso bomuntu bubukeka buhlanekeziwe, imizimba yabo ayikude nobukhulu besikhathi esidala, izimo zibuhlungu futhi zingenamahloni, ubunqunu bubangela imizwelo ebuthakathaka, buqotshwe yimvelo yemvelo - kodwa lezi zithombe azibangeli ukuphika, njalo ngomzuzu ukubaluleka kokukhona komuntu ngamunye, Ukumangala kombhali kuvumelana nokudalwa kukaNkulunkulu, ngisho noma kuthatha izinhlobo ezingavamile.

Yiqiniso, ubuciko bakhe buyinto engavamile ukuba angaphakamisi amagagasi okungaqondi kahle nokulahlwa okukhulu. Abaningi bokuziphatha abacasuliwe yizithombe ezithunyelwe ngegama likaLucien Freud: "Amantombazane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi angemthetho, kodwa eyabo, ukubonisa kuleli fomu kungaphambukisa kuphela!" Yebo, ubuciko bakhe ngeke busamukeleke yibo bonke ngaphandle kokungafani.

Umjikelezo ophakathi

Wayebizwa ngokuthi inkosi yenkulungwane eledlule. Akakaze abhale ezithombeni, akazange abukele amabhayisikobho nethelevishini, wayelokhu esebenza emvelweni, futhi isikhathi eside efunda ngokucophelela yonke imininingwane, ngezinye izikhathi ehambisa amamodeli ukukhathala - akuyona ingozi ukuthi imidwebo yakhe inezinhlobo eziningi zokulala nezamanga.

Enye into iyacaca ngisho nangemva kokujwayela okuncane ngomcimbi ofana noLucien Freud: izithombe (izithombe ezinikezwe kulesi sihloko) ezenziwe kwi-studio yakhe zibonisa izinga eliphakeme lokuzethemba phakathi komculi nomodeli. Akukhona ngengozi ukuthi izihlobo zakhe, abangane bakhe, abafazi bakhe, ama-mistresses, izingane zisemthethweni futhi ezingekho emthethweni kwizingcingo ezinhle zikaFreud (inani eliphelele, ngokusho kwedatha engacacisiwe, engaphansi kweshumi nane).

Uchungechunge olumangalisa wesithombe somama womculi. Ngemva kokushona komyeni wakhe, uLucy Freud uzame ukuzibulala, kanye nendodana yakhe, emenza umdwebo wokudweba kwakhe, wazama ukumnika amandla okuqhubeka nokuphila, ukumnikeza incazelo. Wahlala iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-20 futhi wahlala emaphephandabeni emidwebo kanye nemigodi emihle kakhulu: "Umama woMculi" (1972), "I-Portrait In the Interior" (1973), "Umama Womculi Ngesikhathi Sokuphumula" (1976), njll.

Amamodeli athandwayo

Wazibiza ngokuthi uyindoda, akazange abe ngumuntu ongathandeki, obhala izikhathi eziningi, isikhathi eside. Manje sinesithakazelo sokubona ukuthi umuntu uyashintsha kanjani, nokuthi inkosi yakhe iyashintsha kanjani. Wayenamamodeli amaningana anjalo: 1. Umculi ovela ezweni lezemfashini kanye no-freak, owafa nge-AIDS, - u-Lee Bowery (1961-1994). Ikakhulukazi yi-1991 portrait ka-Lee Bowery, i-Naked Man, i-Rear View (1992), u-Lee ngaphansi kweLanga Lesikhanyiso (1994), The Last Portrait of Lee (1995).

2. Umngane oseduze kakhulu nomsizi uDavide Dawson - "David, Pluto no-Eli" (2001), "David no-Eli" (2003).

3. USusan Tilly. Kwaholela kuFreud Lee Bowery, obhala ngaye incwadi. Siyambona ezithombeni "Umfazi onesifo esithombeni sakhe" (1996), "Ukulala ngeSondo Carpet" (1996). Kwakuyisibonelo somdwebo obiza kakhulu, owawubhalwe nguLucien Freud - "Umsebenzi Wezenhlalakahle Ulele" (1995). Lo mdwebo wathengiswa endalini ngo-1995 nge $ 33, 6 million engacabangi ngomculi ophilayo.

I-classic yokugcina yomdwebo ongokomfanekiso

Washiya ngo-2011, cishe oneminyaka engu-90 ubudala, ngemuva kokuchitha isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwakhe e-easel. Inkazimulo nemali, engamthandi kakhulu, yeza lapho esevele esemdala kakhulu. U-Cezannist wokugcina, ukhona wokugcina, umlando wokuzibonakalisa - abahlaziyi bezobuciko abathandi uma kungekho ilebuli ehambelanayo, ngokombono wabo.

Uhlala futhi ungaziwa, kodwa owenziwe ngumculi ogama lakhe linguLucien Freud, kanye namagama afakiwe emlandweni womhlaba womdwebo: "Ingaphakathi ePaddington" (1951), "Ukuzindla nezingane ezimbili" (1965), "Ingaphakathi enkulu, i-W11 (esekelwe ku-Watteau ) "(1981-1983), ukuzithokozisa ngokuzenzekelayo ngo-1993" Umculi emsebenzini. Ukucubungula "," Ngemuva kweCezanne "(2000), umdwebo womculi uDavid Hockney (2002)," uBrigadier "(2003), omunye wezithombe zokugcina ezenziwe ngu-" Umculi obanjwe ngokungazi lutho nge-fan fan "(2007).

I-paradox - enye yezibonakaliso zomculi wangempela, ongavamile. Ukungqubuzana okukhulu kuvusa isithakazelo emdwebeni kaLucien Freud: kubonakala sengathi uthi: "Ngibheka, ngisithakazelo ezweni langaphakathi, ngifuna ukudlulisela ubuso, igobolondo." Kodwa awukwazi ukukholelwa kumzukulu womdali we-psychoanalysis: izithombe zakhe - ingxoxo ethakazelisayo, okwenza umbukeli oqaphele ngolwazi nangomuntu othize, nangomhlaba wonke.