Gaz-63 - iloli Soviet. Umlando, incazelo, imininingwane,

Gaz liyaziwa amaloli yayo. Ngiphakathi nendawo ezibonakala, bakhulise-wheel drive Gaz-51 waba legend ezifuywayo imoto umkhakha. Four-wheel drive Gaz-63 undeservedly wahlala imemori abalandeli kuphela, kodwa izazi-mlando azikholelwa ukuthi anganelisa ukunakekela kwakhe.

Umlando wokudala

I iloli abadumile Gaz-AA iloli kwaba kuphela kuleli shumi leminyaka elidlule ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II. It is yisikhathi nangokuziphatha futhi ngobuchwepheshe, futhi zidinga ukushintshwa. Army iloli babedinga kakhulu wheel drive wonke amasondo.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1938, ngineminyaka Gorky Automobile Plant kubo. Molotov uqalile umsebenzi ukudalwa uchungechunge amaloli senzelwe izimo zendlela nzima. Ezimbili futhi wonke-wheel emithathu oluvala amasondo drive iloli chassis kwahluka kakhulu izisekelo ubude.

Eyokuqala zasekhaya ezine-wheel drive imoto Gaz-63 waqala nomlando wayo ngo-Ephreli 1938. Ngemva konyaka, le prototypes wokuqala ezakhiwa, okwakubekelwa ebibizwa Gaz-62. Baye wasungula izinjini yesimanje kusukela iloli Gaz-MM nomthamo 50 amalitha. a. Cab iveni esetshenziswa Gaz-415, chassis athuthukiswe ngqo zalolu hlobo locingo.

izici design

Ukuthuthukiswa gumbi isakhiwo esisha engakathenjiswa umshado. Umsebenzi main kwaba ukudala i imoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo, ngakho ukugcizelela wabekwa chassis.

A ilungiselelo bahluke - injini engaphezulu phambi oluvala amasondo - anikwe amandla ngincipha base obuphelele ukwandisa umthamo.

isondo Okokuqala olulodwa setha ne phambi efanayo futhi ithrekhi emuva, babelokhu beqhubekile behola, emnothweni yokubasela drive phambili isondo ingacishwa. amasondo Gable ezingemuva ukuthi isihlabathi nasodakeni baphoqeleka ukuba sandise trace kuholela ngokweqile amandla ukusetshenziswa. Dlulisa uma isethwe ukuze ubude bendiza imiphini futhi phambili kuya oluvala amasondo angemuva efanayo. ukumiswa oncikile yazo zonke amasondo esisogwini semi elliptic leaf iziphethu kanye phambi kwakusadingeka kabili esebenza wokubacindezela ukushaqeka ezidayiswayo. Umfutholuketshezi baba ibhuleki lesandla actuator.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1943, imoto ushintshe abanikeze asebenza nabo kanye injini. Nge endlwaneni eyakhiwe kusuka "Studebaker", yena waqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni Unikeza Ubufakazi-zokuqashisa.

It uqalisiwe ukukhiqizwa lokhu imoto ngo-1948 nge gumbi ka Gaz-51. Ubukhulu Gaz-63 samuntu fresh uyayenza 5525 × 2200 × 2245 mm.

nezempi ku kumila umshini

Ngo-October 1943 ngesikhathi Gorky Automobile Plant yaqala ukuba nesimo ezinamasondo isibhamu self ezinezinjini nge osezingeni inganono 76 mm. Ngo-May 1944, ikhophi yokuqala wakhululwa. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi isibhamu wayekade esihlalweni umshayeli nomyali-umdubuli kambayimbayi. Ammunition lalinabashumayeli amagobolondo amahlanu nesishiyagalombili. Ngalwa kule moto ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II.

In parallel imodeli ukuthuthukiswa iloli kwesisekelo salo ukukhanya ezimbili oluvala amasondo imoto armored yasungulwa ngo-1947 enomzimba monocoque, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-BTR-40. APC lwenzelwe paratroopers eziyisishiyagalombili. Wheelbase kwehle ngo-600 mm, amandla injini ephakanyiswe 81 amalitha. c., anda mkhawulo we imvamisa Ukujikeleza imihlatshelo ukuqina ukuthi ethile nezempi lutho.

Kwakuthinta bebehlome ngezibhamu umshini BTR Goryunova izinhlelo, izinhlamvu eyayihlanganisa 1 260 cartridges. I isibhamu umshini ayikwazanga ukukhwezwa ezinhlangothini omunye kubakaki ezine. kungenziwa Ngesikhathi kubakaki efanayo efakwe machine gun DP, okwakukhona paratroopers ahlomile. Ukuguqulwa BTR-40A ofakelwe nge twin umshini esindayo izibhamu KVPT. Ngo-1993, umkhumbi othwala izisebenzi armored kuhoxiswe ekusebenzeni.

On the chassis Gaz-63 yadalwa ngo-1950 futhi umshini impi rocket wezikhali BM-14 "Katyusha".

ekukhiqizweni

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekwindla ka-1948 waqala ekukhiqizweni Gaz-63. Izici ngesikhathi kwathiwa ngempumelelo waqinisekisa ukuhlolwa isimo, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho unqobe liyaphuma kuya ku-30 °, amavesi zisesikhathini 0.9 m futhi ube nemigodi ngemigodi ukuba 0.76 m ukujula. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-uphethiloli eshibhe A-66 zazisuka kwamalitha angu 25 kuya 29 100 km, umthwalo ngayinye kwi onguthelawayeka - 2.0 m, emgwaqeni owubhuqu - 1.5 m.

A yokusilela ezinkulu kule moto bekulokhu simo esishubile in high-ngesivinini cornering. Clearance kwaba 270 mm ne ithrekhi ewumngcingo, it kwandisa permeability weloli, kodwa ukwanda okuholela ukuphakama futhi ukudluliselwa cornering namagquma. Lokhu kwakuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi isikhangiso okusezingeni eliphezulu Gaz-63, ezifana ezimotweni amathangi amakhulu amanzi.

Ehlobo lika-1968 it wadedelwa zokugcina imoto ukukhiqizwa. Kuyoze kube phakade 474 ayizinkulungwane. Izimoto zokuguqulwa ezahlukene zavezwa. Bakhandwa zithunyelwe emazweni sezenhlalo, Finland, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Asia nase-Afrika.

Izinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe

GDR, Poland, eCzechoslovakia futhi eYugoslavia eMpumalanga Yurophu, eVietnam, North Korea, kweLaos Mongolia e-Asia, e-Cuba, amazwe ase-Afrika - isimo, enezela igesi-63. Inani zokuthumela izimoto kwaba ongaphakeme. Isisetshenziswa enikeziwe ngaphakathi usizo anobuhlobo lamazwe enobungane.

Phesheya zalotshwa hhayi kuphela eyisisekelo imodeli ezine-wheel drive iloli Gaz-63 futhi 63A, 63P kodwa futhi ukuguqulwa yayo ukuthekelisa futhi izinguqulo ezishisayo, izimoto kwakuvikela imishini 63E, amabhasi kule chassis nezinye onobuhle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-North Korea kusukela 1961 ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo Sungri-61 Sungri-61NA futhi eChina kusukela ngo-1965 ngaphansi brand Yuejin NJ230 futhi NJ230A eyenziwe eSoviet ilayisensi izimoto ngesisekelo kulo mshini.

Impi e-North Korea Soviet ngeloli lamasosha wheel drive wazibonakalisa yangempela lokulwa umshini wathola ukuqashelwa ezempi.

imoto yempi

Ngaphambi kuka-1950, le gumbi imoto senziwa ngokhuni, bese insimbi lokhuni iminyango, futhi kusukela ngo-1956 - i-zonke we-rock. It lalicinene nokubanda, heater design kuphela wabonakala ngo-1952, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi pre-uqale progrevateli ukufakwa nezimoto ekuqaleni ukukhiqizwa.

Okusetshenziswayo platform nge high ipulangwe latticed esinanyathiselwe izinhlangothi longitudinal ifakwe amabhentshi kokuthutha isosha. Tailgate yayithambile. Njengoba evikelekile isisitho selanga sezulu ukuthi welulela ku lwesikhathi amane aboshelwe izihlalo ekhethekile. Imoto ukuphakama ithende 2810 mm.

It sithuthukisa ukusebenza imoto nokuthi wayekwazi zathi trailer ethwele amandla amathani amabili.

Army Offroad iloli Gaz-63 ngesikhathi esetshenziswa ukuthutha izisebenzi, ethwele amathuluzi, ngoba ukufakwa ukulwa amayunithi.

ukulungiswa Suv

ukulungiswa Major off-road iloli kwakukhona amabili kuphela.

In parallel imodeli base umkhiqizo ukuguqulwa indophi ekupheleni phambi Uhlaka side Gaz 63A ngoba Ukuzinakekela nezinye izimoto ezimweni indlela enzima. I indophi nge obuphelele intambo 65 m ashukumisa kushaft bendiza nge amandla Take-off kusukela ukuwudlulisa yisandla athuthukile kuze kufinyelele 4.5 m. Ukunqanda isisindo imoto 240 kg ezingaphezu kuka imodeli eziyisisekelo.

Ngo-1958, iloli Gaz-63P akhululwa ngaso slippage isondo ukusebenza uniaxial semitrailer umthwalo nomthamo amathani afinyelela ku ezine. Lamasondo angemuva ugandaganda bebelokhu gable. Futhi ngonyaka ozayo, lesi sitshalo baqala ukunyathelisa iloli ugandaganda Gaz-63D. Ngo umklamo wawo, ngokungafani ukulungiswa odlule kuhlanganisiwe Pheqa ikhasi gearbox kanye okukhipha lokukhanda ngokushayela umklamo tipper indlela semitrailer.

izimoto Special esekelwe Suv

Okokhelekayo amaloli, amaloli uwoyela, ubisi amathangi, ezimotweni, emagalaji mobile, abasebenzi bezokwelapha kanye nabaqeqeshi, ukufakwa kwamagciwane, imishini isikulufa-Rotor uya ngesisekelo Gaz-63. Firefighter imoto nezokuxhumana kanye ukukhanyisa, ithangi ezikhishwe ukulungiswa eziningana Vargashinsky isitshalo nemililo imishini. isikhwama Abasebenzi kanye ezicimamlilo zavezwa ngesikhathi eMoscow isitshalo umlilo izinjini.

Ukuze amasosha, ngaphezu onobuhle eziyisisekelo, abasebenzi bezokwelapha kanye nabaqeqeshi, wamvikela uxhumano efudumele futhi Friend imishini ekhiqizwa magciwane, nanjengezihlambi DDA-53A ngoba sanitization emkhakheni kwabasebenzi, magciwane kanye disinfestation zokugqoka kanye nemishini. Ukufakwa umusi kubhayela enikeziwe ngophethiloli liquid noma ukhuni, lapho ingcindezi yokusebenza kwaba asemkhathini ezine, kubhayela-accumulator, futha uhlangothi, paroelevatorom, amalungiselelo ukulawula, amabili evulekile magciwane amakamelo izihlambi nge nambili eshaweni zesikrini.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Njengoba isitshalo cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo wadala ngeloli lamasosha ezisetshenziswa umphakathi Gaz-51, iningi amayunithi nemininingwane ukuthi obumbene, esangenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuqoqa le mishini kwi umhlangano line olulodwa, nokuzosiza ukunciphisa izindleko kanye lula ukusebenza kwenhlangano.

Engine ibutho Suv efakwe nge GAS-51-eziyisithupha Carburetor nizhneklapannym ivolumu ayizinkulungwane 3.5. Cu. cm. A amancane ugesi 70 l. a. nesivinini 65 km / h ihlawulelwa esiqiwini uma ithwele umthwalo omningi ngaphandle refueling 780 km.

amathangi fuel ababili, oyinhloko kanye sub, unikezwa inani uphethiloli cishe 200 amalitha uphethiloli. Gaz-63 (u-diesel) uvele embodiments ahlukahlukene futhi elicwengiweyo izingcweti ngokurhaba kuze kube manje.

Transmission kule emine imoto, bamba - olulodwa-disk, ezomile, esimweni ukudluliswa - amazinga ezimbili futhi Splitter, okuyinto ifakwe hhayi kuphela ukunciphisa, kodwa futhi yokudlulisela oqondile ukunciphisa petrol on imigwaqo.

Gaz-63 kwaba sithunywa undemanding futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, unephutha maneuverability okusezingeni eliphezulu, sibonga kulezi zici yadalwa ngoba cishe engamashumi amabili. It kuyabonakala manje, hhayi nje phakathi abalandeli - ukulondolozwa imincintiswano, kodwa futhi emigwaqweni. wentengo liyashintshashintsha ku imoto 60 kuya kwezingu-450, kuye ngesimo kanye khona izingxenye bomdabu nemikhulu.