Genealogy - iyona indlela eya ulwazi uhlobo lwe

Ngaphandle ulwazi esidlule akuyona indlela esikhathini esizayo. Famous futhi kwansuku zisebenzisa igama lisetshenziswa yesimanje izincwadi - lozalo - iyiqoqo lozalo futhi ukucinga wawoyise. Empeleni, izinto akuzona ngakho elula. Genealogy - le mfundiso nemithetho yayo kanye nezimiso, okuyizinto ngempela nzima ukwazi ongelutho.

Ezinye amagama

Genealogy - isiyalo asizayo zomlando, okuhlose - ekutadisheni umsuka lokuzalwa ukulumbana phakathi kwabo. Ukuhlanganiswa umlando wakhe umndeni yokhokho - Ungomunye imisebenzi zozalo. Ivela lesiGreki elithi genealogia, ezakhiwe amazwi "lokuzalwa", "uhlobo" futhi ethi "izwi." Genealogy - kuyinto umuthi ewumngcingo-drawing hhayi kuphela umndeni, kodwa futhi ukuhlaziya ukuthuthukiswa zomlando namasiko kunanoma iyiphi.

Imisebenzi futhi kuncike

Babhalwa inkinga njengoba isayensi - ukuhlolisiswa endaweni nokubaluleka kwalo noma ukuthi hlobo e umlando, kwencazelo imvelo yamasiko amaqembu abantu esikhathini zomlando, ukuhlonza kwemithetho zofuzo fixed, isinqumo yezinye izinselele anthropological, ethnographic kanye lokubala ubuningi babantu. Isihloko isayensi lozalo - izindaba zemindeni ngabanye kanye izizukulwane (kuhlanganise nezikhulu nabo boyars).

Umlando omncane

Umlando lozalo esisebenzayo kuqala eRussia ngekhulu XI ne zozalo walondoloza emibhalweni yaminyaka. Equkethwe ulwazi lozalo ikakhulukazi mayelana imindeni boyars nezinceku, ngubani ngoba izizukulwane walikhonza. Kusukela XVI pedigrees ekhulwini ukuphathwa iba ehlelekile, kanye yokusungula uqhutshwa ozalweni besilisa kuphela. Kamuva ngawo lowo pedigrees afakiwe nomkakhe njengoba izindlalifa iziza kanye impahla njalo alinganayo nezingane. Peter esungulwe ehhovisi Geroldmejstersky, okuyinto eqondiswa futhi waqhubeka imibhalo lozalo umsuka imikhaya yezikhulu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lozalo uzuza Inani kube inkomba yokuthi ilungelo uhlobo.

Isayensi lozalo XIX-XX eminyaka

Uma sicabangela Isihloko njengendlela isiyalo isayensi, ososayensi Kuhle ukukhumbula, okuyinto ukweleta ukuthuthukiswa yayo. Ekupheleni kwe-XIX and zakuqala XX lozalo ekhulwini - umlando wethule imisebenzi Feofana Prokopovicha "Lozalo ngesineke izikhulu olukhulu tsars Russia" (1719), incwadi M. M. Scherbatova, A. E. Knyazeva nabanye. Kusukela 1797, i-General Armorial ishicilelwe, futhi ngo-1855 wanyathelisa isikhulu edition P. V Dolgorukogo "encwadini lozalo Russian" futhi incwadi ngesibani AB Lobanov-Rostovsky futhi V. Rummelya Imininingwane aphelele salolu shicilelo. Ngemva 1917 eRussia lozalo ukhohlwe, futhi kuphela 90 sekwephuzile kwekhulu elidlule umdlandla lozalo ziqala ukumila.

lozalo DNA

yezakhi zofuzo, namuhla ebizwa nangokuthi ucwaningo lozalo zisuselwa ekuhlaziyweni isakhiwo DNA, ngomqondo ebanzi iye ukutadisha nekuhlatiya Dynamics wayenemfuyo yokwanda koshintsho kuyi-DNA yomuntu. Igama elithi "uhlu lozalo DNA" yathi chithi saka ku-1992, ngesikhathi esebenzayo cwaningo yezakhi zofuzo ye-DNA mitochondrial. It is lokhu DNA sidlulile kusuka kumama kuya enganeni ngendlela azizange zishintshe, futhi ukuhlaziywa we Dynamics yokwanda koshintsho lihambisana izici isakhiwo anganikeza ulwazi mayelana nobuhlobo babo bonke abakhileyo iplanethi kanye umsuka ezivamile lawo izinhlobo zabantu ezahlukaniselwa. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela "umama Eva" olulodwa akunakwa eside kuleli shumi leminyaka elidlule, futhi kusekelwe ekutadisheni isakhiwo se-DNA mitochondrial kwabakhileyo izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba.

Isithakazelo izimpande zabo nemvelaphi bohlobo lwe-kwaba esivela indoda njalo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, okungukuthi umsuka bohlobo, umlando ka izinhlamvu zakhe zinqunywa isimo sezenhlalo zingamesabi umuntu futhi okuqondene kwakhe eqenjini ekilasini ethile. Namuhla, inani elandayo lezisebenzi baseRussia unesithakazelo umsuka ekuzalweni kwakhe futhi izindaba yokhokho. Futhi nakuba lolu lwazi iwukuba ufundelwe ayinaso isiqinisekiso sokuphumelela kumuntu emphakathini, kodwa ukunikeza incazelo eyayingasahambisani nokuqonda kwangaleso yomsuka futhi ngikhonze njengomshumayeli wesikhathi umthombo yokuziqhenya.