Endaweni umphakathi

Ifomu yokuqala yenhlangano yezenhlalakahle lwabantu kwenkathi we bakudala sesistimu umphakathi zamaKhosi. Lokhu kuhlobana lezihlobo igazi owayehlala endaweni efanayo nabo bonke kanye wahlanganyela ngokuziphatha emnothweni jikelele. It libhekene ubumbano nasebunyeni wonke amalungu alo. Abantu ukusebenzela kuzuze wonke umuntu, kodwa kwavele kwaba yize collective impahla. Kodwa parallel inqubo nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi kanye nezolimo uMnyango nemfuyo, kwakukhona umkhiqizo isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona. Lokhu kwaholela ekuhlukaneni omkhaya clan. ubunikazi sabaqashi ekuqaleni isabalaliswe phakathi imindeni izingxenye. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ukuvela endaweni yangasese, okuyinto yashesha yokubola generic futhi ukusonga omphakathi endaweni lapho izimiso zomkhaya ziba Akasekho kakhulu.

Yangasekhaya umphakathi (obizwa nangokuthi yasemakhaya, indawo noma ongumlimi) - a ukuhlaliswa kwabantu, okuyinto asisho abophe igazi othayi, kodwa hlala endaweni okunomkhawulo aphathwe bebonke. Ngalinye ilungu lomphakathi omkhaya inelungelo ingxenye impahla umphakathi.

Abantu basebenza ndawonye isikhathi eside. Umkhaya ngamunye kwadingeka icebo lalo komhlaba, tillage, amathuluzi, nemfuyo. Nokho, phezu kwezwe (ihlathi, emadlelweni, imifula, amachibi, njll) kusekhona impahla ngokuhlanganyela.

Yangasekhaya umphakathi savela zibe inhlangano likhona Inkampani njengoba isici ongaphansi, futhi yingxenye encane kuphela imisebenzi yomphakathi: ekuqongeleleni lomsebenzi, ngokuphathelene namalungelo okusebenzisa umhlaba imigomo, self-inhlangano, kulondolozwe amasiko, yokukhulekela, njll Abantu ayeka ukuba khona kohlobo nenhlalakahle, elingelakwaJuda umphakathi waba incazelo oluphelele; ziba khulula.

Kuye inhlanganisela ethile ezimele kanye collective yaqala ukuma Asian, Antique nesiJalimane endaweni yomphakathi.

East lwamaSlav iyiswe umphakathi engumakhelwane ekhulwini 7th. Wahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngoba lokhu isilinganiso eziye zathathwa abomthetho. Umphakathi kuthiye uyincithakalo abalimi. Umkhuba lokwabiwa komhlaba wanika abampofu ithuba uthole indawo ngokuyinhloko zalisa omakhelwane babo ocebile. Exige de amabutho ophoqelelwe abalimi acebile ukukhokha izintela bakule ndawo abampofu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kube nephutha Ukujikeleza ophoqelelwe, musa masenziwe esekhulile ocebile ukuba balime bebodwa ukugxila nokuphoqa omakhelwane.

Konke lokhu sebehlushwa izinqubo engokwemvelo babhekane nezinga elikhulu abalimi: abanye bangase hhayi ukuceba, abanye - wajeziswa ngokuphelele. Nokho, umphakathi endaweni asikwazanga ukushintsha imithetho Inhloso yentuthuko. Wakwazi kuphela uyephuza noqhekeko umphakathi ongumlimi okwesikhashana.

Kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, ukhona nakho sekuyingxenye lomkhuba omubi. Maphakathi nekhulu le-19-ke kwakudingekile ukuba ashintshe okuthize. Ukuqedwa serfdom kwaba igalelo kuqala ezinamandla emphakathini. Abalimi bavunyelwa ukungena kuvunyelwa umthetho izivumelwano, izivumelwano kanye nezinye izibopho. Esekhululiwe kwencika wavunyelwa ukuba par lonke ukuhweba, ukuvula izimboni, esilotshwe esitolo, bahlanganyele yezandla, njll Kodwa ngisho manje iziphathimandla zazingazimisele uyilungele ukuqedwa ngokuphelele lomphakathi.

Kwaba yomculo iqoqo izintela, igcinwe abalimi emaphandleni, ngaphandle kokunikeza ithuba ungene emzini. Iziphathimandla ayekholelwa nawukuthi indawo yasemaphandleni kuyadingeka futhi ukuvimbela uyincithakalo abalimi, abangakwazi abe "proletarianizers uhlupho" uyakwazi abe usongo umbuso. Ngakho-ke, e-Russia umphakathi ezifana sekuneminyaka isikhathi eside kunaleso ayengakwenza kuleso simo lapho kungeke eyayenziwe yizinga ukunwebeka ngokuhamba ukuthuthukiswa zama-Capitalist. Ekugcineni kwathiwa iqedwe kuphela ekhulwini lama-20, ngenxa le Stolypin kabusha.