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Izinto Pure futhi Izingxube yalo. Izindlela ngokuhlukana Izingxube

Kulesi sihloko sizohlola lokho izinto okumsulwa kanye Izingxube, izindlela ekwehlukaniseni Izingxube. Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, abomdabu babezisebenzisa kanjani ngamunye wethu. Futhi kungakhathaliseki butholakala izinto nemvelo-friendly? Futhi indlela ukuze kwehlukaniswe Izingxube?

izinto Pure futhi Izingxube yawo: izindlela ekwehlukaniseni Izingxube

Hlanza ngokuthi izinto eziqukethe zesandulela kuphela kohlobo oluthile. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi isimo cishe non-akukho zabo, ngoba bonke siqala ngezabelo ngomzuzu, aqukethe ukungcola. Kasibili zonke izinto njengoba zinjalo oncibilikayo emanzini. Ngisho nalapho egxilile ketshezi, isibonelo, indandatho yesiliva athomu metal ku isixazululo.

A uphawu izinto emsulwa Ukwakheka njalo futhi izakhiwo ngokomzimba. Ngo inqubo kumiswa zabo kukhona ukushintshwa amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it can kokubili ukwanda bese wehlise. Hlukanisa izidakamizwa okumsulwa tincenye ehlukile kuphela esebenzisa ukusabela zamakhemikhali. Ngokwesibonelo, amanzi kuphela distsillirovannaya ejwayelekile salokhu ukubila impahla kanye okokuqandisa, ukungabi zokunambitha nokuhogela. A ukubola-mpilo yayo ne-hydrogen kungenzeka kuphela ngokususa electrolysis.

Futhi lokho lihlukile izinto okumsulwa kuthathwe ndawonye? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, thina kuzosiza kwamakhemikhali. Izindlela ngokuhlukana kukhona Izingxube ngokomzimba, ngoba musa ukushintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali izinto. Ngokungafani izinto okumsulwa, Izingxube yilezi Ukwakheka engazinzile futhi izakhiwo, futhi ingahlukaniswa nge izindlela ngokomzimba.

Uyini ukuxubana

Mix iyona iqoqo izinto ngabanye. Ngokwesibonelo Its emanzini asolwandle. Ngokungafani distsillirovannoy, it has a ukunambitheka okumunyu noma okunosawoti, amathumba ngesikhathi ephakeme, kodwa zilimaze ezingeni lokushisa aphansi. Izindlela ukwehlukana Izingxube izinto kukhona ngokomzimba. Ngakho, kusukela amanzi olwandle ungathola usawoti okumsulwa ukuhwamuka futhi crystallization okwalandela.

izinhlobo Izingxube

Uma ufaka amanzi ushukela, emva kwesikhashana izinhlayiya zayo ngeke chaza futhi babe ongabonakali. Ngenxa yalokho, awakwazi zihlukaniswa ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama. Izingxube maKristu abizwa eyohlobo noma eyohlobo. Izibonelo zazo nazo emoyeni, uphethiloli, umhluzi, imimoya, amanzi amnandi futhi okunosawoti, i ingxubevange zethusi aluminium. Njengoba ubona, ingxube eyohlobo kungaba ezifundeni ezahlukene wokuhlanganisa, kodwa uketshezi ezivamile. Babuye ngokuthi izixazululo.

Ngo Izingxube heterogeneous noma heterogeneous izinhlayiya ungabahlukanisa izinto ngabanye. Iron nezinkuni sawdust, isihlabathi nosawoti izibonelo zabo ejwayelekile. Izingxube Inhomogeneous nazo kuthiwa njengoba ukumiswa. Phakathi kwabo ukuhlukanisa ukumiswa kanye emulsions. Ukwakheka kuhlanganisa uketshezi lokuqala okuqinile. Ngakho, i emulsion inhlanganisela amanzi nenhlabathi. Emulsion iyona iqoqo iziphuzo ezimbili nokuminyanisa ezahlukene.

Kukhona nenye heterogeneous futhi anamagama ethize. Ngakho, uyisibonelo polystyrene amagwebu, ukuze aerosols zihlanganisa inkungu, intuthu, deodorants, iziqeda-antistatics.

Izindlela ngokuhlukana Izingxube

Ngokuqinisekile, compounds eziningi ube properties kunenzuzo aminingi ukudlula izinto ngabanye ezithathwe eceleni, kufakwe Ukwakheka kwabo. Kodwa ngisho ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kunezimo lapho udinge ukwabelana. Futhi ngokubhekana nalo umkhakha thina based wonke ekukhiqizeni. Ngokwesibonelo, kusukela uwoyela ngenxa yayo ukucutshungulwa uphethiloli etholwe, gasoil, iziketekete uwoyela fuel, amafutha umshini futhi solyarovoe, propellants, acetylene futhi benzene. Ngiyavuma, kungcono ukusebenzisa le mikhiqizo kuka ukuba ashise uwoyela ngokungacabangi.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi uma kukhona into enjalo njengoba izindlela amakhemikhali ekwehlukaniseni Izingxube. Ake sithi, kusukela kasawoti i aqueous, kudingeka uthole into emsulwa. Ukuze lokhu uqweqwe sishiswa ngakho. Ngenxa yalokho, amanzi liphenduka umusi, kanye usawoti acacisa. Kodwa akwenzeki ekuguquleni ezinye izinto zibe abanye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngesisekelo kule nqubo asho into ngokomzimba.

Izindlela ngokuhlukana Izingxube zincike isimo wokuhlanganisa, ikhono solubility umehluko abilayo lokushisa, ukuminyana kanye nokwakheka izingxenye zalo. Ake sicabangele ngasinye salezi kabanzi nge izibonelo eziqondile.

zokuhlunga

Le ndlela kufanelekile ukwehlukana Izingxube aqukethe ketshezi okuphakathi kwawo, zingaxazululeki okuqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, amanzi kanye emfuleni isihlabathi. Le nhlanganisela ngizodabula zokuhlunga. Ngenxa yalokho, amanzi ahlanzekile kuzodlula ngokukhululekile ngalé kwayo, futhi isihlabathi uzohlala.

sokuxazulula

Ezinye izindlela ihlukane Izingxube esekelwe isinyathelo gravity. Ngakho ku izinto okumsulwa kungenziwa ukubola ukumiswa kanye emulsions. Uma hit amafutha yemifino, ingxube kumelwe baqale nithintithe amanzi. Khona-ke uyiyeka isikhashana. Ngenxa yalokho, amanzi kuyoba phansi umkhumbi, futhi ngesimo uwoyela ifilimu utawufaka ke.

Ngaphansi kwezimo laboratory sedimentation usebenzisa uphondo separatory. Ngenxa yalokho wokusebenza salo ngaphezulu liquid obukhulu kukhishelwa endlini esibuthakathaka, nokukhanya uhlala.

inqubo Ukuthola libhekene ongaphakeme ukugeleza rate. Idinga isikhathi esithile ukwakha kodaka. Ezimweni zezimboni, le nqubo wenziwa izakhiwo ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngokuthi sumps.

isinyathelo uzibuthe

Uma indlela yokwakheka kuhlanganisa nenye eyinsimbi, kungenziwa ahlukaniswe nge uzibuthe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlukanisa yensimbi kanye nokhuni sawdust. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zonke izinsimbi ifa izakhiwo ezinjalo? Lutho neze. Ukuze le ndlela kuphela Izingxube efanelekayo equkethe ferromagnets. Ngaphezu bamba ithambo futhi zihlanganisa nickel, ayibe, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium.

ziphuzo zazihluzwa

Leli gama lihunyushwa lisuselwa Latin lisho ukuthi "ziconsa amaconsi." Ziphuzo zazihluzwa inikeza izindlela ekwehlukaniseni Izingxube okusekelwe umehluko abilayo iphuzu izinto. Ngakho, ngisho nasezimweni imvelo ekhaya ingahlukaniswa utshwala namanzi. Indaba yokuqala uqala shabalala ezingeni lokushisa 78 degrees Celsius. evele abandayo utshwala evala cindezela Ebhekisela, uba uketshezi.

Ngo umkhakha le ndlela, imikhiqizo uwoyela, namakha, izinsimbi okumsulwa.

Ukuhwamuka futhi crystallization

Lezi zindlela afaneleka ekwehlukaniseni Izingxube izixazululo ketshezi. Izinto okuyinto afakiwe Ukwakheka yabo, ezahlukene ukubila amaphuzu. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuthola ushukela noma usawoti zinhlayiya kusukela amanzi lapho basuke ziyoncibilika. Ukuze lokhu neqhinga evuthayo futhi ayahwamuka esimweni ayegcwele. Kulokhu, zinhlayiya kuthiwa ukugqashuka. Uma kubalulekile ukuthola amanzi ahlanzekile, bese isixazululo kulethwa abilayo futhi ukufingqa alandelayo umusi phezu abandayo.

Izindlela ukwehlukana igesi Izingxube

Ingxube gaseous ahlukaniswa laboratory kanye nezindlela zezimboni ngoba inqubo kudinga imishini ekhethekile. I impahla eluhlaza odabuka yemvelo kuyinto emoyeni, coke, ugesi, kanye nezinhlelo igesi yemvelo, okuyinto iqoqo hydrocarbon.

izindlela Physical ngokuhlukana Izingxube, kulokhu okulandelayo esimweni gaseous:

  • Ukufingqa - Ukuhlola kuyinqubo Ukupholisa kancane kancane ingxube, lapho ukufingqa yezingxenye zayo. Kulesi lokuqala ukudlula ketshezi sostonie ukubila eliphezulu izinto, okuyinto ziqoqwa ku separators. etholwe Ngakho kusukela igesi coke-kuhhavini, i-hydrogen, kanye ammonia wahlukana ingxenye unreacted ingxube.
  • Sorption - iyona ukumuncwa yezinye ezinye izinto. Le nqubo has izingxenye eziphikisanayo phakathi okuyinto yakhoibrium Kumiswa ukusabela. ngaphansi kwezimo ezingafani ukuze phambili futhi reverse inqubo. Esimweni sokuqala, inhlanganisela umfutho ophakeme futhi lokushisa ongaphakeme. inqubo okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi sorption. Endabeni okuphambene, i izimo okuphambene: ingcindezi ongaphakeme ashisa kakhulu.
  • Ulwelwesi ngokwahlukana - indlela lapho zisebenzisa semipermeable ngodonga impahla ngokukhetha ukudlula molecule izinto ezahlukene.
  • Reflux - ukufingqa Izingxube ephezulu ukubila izingxenye kusukela Ukupholisa yabo. I lokushisa kwathatha isimo uketshezi yezingxenye ngamunye kumelwe buhluke kakhulu.

chromatography

Igama le ndlela kungenziwa elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ngokubhala umbala". Cabanga ukuthi amanzi ukungezwa ku-inki. Lapho elicwiliswe nenye ekupheleni iphepha lemifanekiso, izoqala ukuba ugxile. AbaseGibithe bayakunengwa ngukuphuza amanzi amuncwa ngokushesha uyinki ukuthi lihlotshaniswa lamadigri sorbed izinto ezihlukahlukene. Chromatography akuyona nje indlela Izingxube uhlukanisa, kodwa futhi ngokutadisha izakhiwo izinto ezifana okusheshayo futhi solubility.

Ngakho, sahlangana nomphathi wazo imiqondo ezifana "izinto ehlanzekile 'kanye' Izingxube". Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka kukhona izakhi noma compounds aqukethe kuphela izinhlayiya wohlobo oluthile. Izibonelo zazo yilezi usawoti, ushukela, amanzi distsillirovannaya. Inhlanganisela - inhlanganisela izinto ngabanye. Ukuhlukaniswa kubo usebenzisa izindlela eziningi. Indlela ngokuhlukana incike Izakhiwo kumalungu ayo. Khona-ke abakhululiwe ezinkulu zihlanganisa sokulungisa, ukuhwamuka, crystallization, filtration, ziphuzo zazihluzwa, chromatography kanye uzibuthe senzo.

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