Heavy zokuthutha impahla yempi izindiza Il-76TD: ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe

IL-76 - elisindayo wezempi izindiza zokuthutha, umfuziselo ondiza engaphezu kweyikhulu ikota. ukulungiswa ehlukahlukene mayelana nokuyilona on ngesisekelo yayo, kokubili ezivamile lempi. Iyaguquguquka futhi umkhumbi ngokwawo, singeza izici ezintsha, enwetshiwe akhona. Naphezu engu kunalokho sina, ngesisekelo kulo mshini namanje esivezwa inguqulo entsha.

TD imodeli wayengomunye walabo ukuhlela kabusha enjalo. Ilyushin Design Bureau wasethula ngayo ngo-1982, eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kwethulwa ukukhiqizwa sibonelo. izinhlamvu ezimbili esihlokweni imele "yesikhathi eside ezokuthutha." Eminye imininingwane ukuthi ukuhlukanisa kule nguqulo, sizobheka ngezansi.

Umlando sokudalwa

Maphakathi nawo-60-yalolucwaningo okb Ilyushin wathola umyalelo ukuthuthukisa ukushayela izindiza zokuthutha impahla. Lo msebenzi wawubhekwa eyenziwa iminyaka eminingi, futhi yaphela ekuqa- '70s. Kakade ngoMashi 1971 sibonelo lokuqala izindiza IL-76 iziphakamisile emoyeni. Ngawo lowo nyaka ngesikhathi show emoyeni eFrance, kubonakala umphakathi.

Ngo-1973, imodeli uzoqala zokukhiqiza. Imishini yokuqala bekarhenyiswe indiza isitshalo kubo. Chkalov Tashkent. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-1976, wamukela izindiza futhi kwezempi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Tashkent baba umenzi eyinhloko zalolu hlobo locingo. Ngaleyo minyaka efanayo, kugqashuka impi ngo-Afghanistan, kanti futhi ngokusho idatha olungekho emthethweni, 95% we-traffic futhi izithuthi izisebenzi ngokuhamba ezempi adluliselwa kuyinto eseyintsha kweSoviet izindiza umkhakha - IL-76.

Kuze kube manje, ngaphezulu ukulungiswa yamuva walo mshini namanje yakha isisekelo lempi ezokuthutha zezindiza yeRussia. Nakuba iphathelene izindiza wezimpahla epaki - eminyakeni Afghanistan esezikhiphe yebhangqa osezingeni izibhamu ezincane 23 mm etholakala esigabeni umsila.

incazelo

I ukushayela izindiza zokuthutha impahla IL-76 kwaba ibhanoyi lokuqala kokuphindela eSoviet Union, i-main amandla plant okuyinto turbojets. I kwemoto kwenzekani evamile for zezindiza esindayo isimiso ishanelwe amaphiko ne-T-umsila nge keel olulodwa. Isici ehlukile kungenziwa ngokuthi kubekwe uphawu ephelele yazo zombili lezi zikhundla futhi linezingxenye wezimpahla. Iminyango emithathu wezimpahla yendiza, yimuphi futhi ezimbili at the ezingemuva ngaphambili. Leli lungiselelo ivumela okwenza ngqo ukusakaza lokubikezela 4 (the dweba ezingemuva slats eziningi), kodwa umkhuba lokhu engakaze isicelo. Ezimweni eziningi, cababa ukhiphe kuphela kusukela ngaphambili dweba, kuyilapho omkhulu ovela ngemuva emotweni ngosizo parachutes ekhiqizwa imishini esindayo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njenganoma iyiphi izindiza zalolu hlobo, IL-76TD has a imishini ekhethekile etholakala imikhakha emibili, ezine ukuphakamisa futhi, yebo, ngamawinji eziningana wezimpahla. ezingemuva dweba design ejwayelekile, enezinto amathathu, amabili awo ukuvulelwa izinhlangothi futhi isikhungo lehliselwa, ukwakha inhlobo kummango okungena noma zindawo zokusesha ezethusayo. Ngaphandle kwakhe, ithebula wezimpahla ukubambelela roller zikhona izindlela eziningana ukuze lula ukuhamba amabhokisi amakhulu.

Indiza has motors ezine enamandla ubekwe pylons ngaphansi kwamaphiko. Kubonakala phambi noma ngenhla bubonakala ngokucacile ukuthi amaphiko zitholakala ngaphezu fuselage, e uhlobo lelivakalako, okuyinto kanye phambi (okuyinto ngezansi) umehluko isici phakathi sibonelo, futhi ekhona ukulungiswa yayo, kuhlanganise IL-76TD okufushane civil. Inamandla igiya uhlelo wahlela isikimu emihlanu-phuzu (4 ngaphansi kwamaphiko, omunye ngaphansi ekhaleni), ikuvumela ukuba uvumelane hhayi kuphela e-strip ukhonkolo, kodwa futhi ukuba primer.

ukulungiswa

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokulungiswa, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi imodeli echazwe yithi ngaphambili wazalwa empilweni yangempela kuka ephepheni. Ekuqaleni, lezi zincwadi kwaba indiza yamasosha ne kwagcizelela fuel amathangi, kanye izinjini ezintsha. Khona-ke, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lapho Abaklami waqala ukwenza inguqulo empini, omunye izinketho ezintsha kwaba igama elidala.

• IL-76 - a izindiza zokuthutha impahla yempi. WAKHE OMFUSHANE Wakhonza njengombonisi prototype yochungechunge amaloli eyalandela.
• IL-76T - ungeze i extra uphethiloli ithangi kule ukuguqulwa. Inguqulo baba umshayeli, kodwa benezincwadi kwenyuke uphethiloli ungase ukwandisa uhla indiza.
• IL-76TD - got izinjini turbofan D-30KP-1. Okunye ngokuphelele iphindwa ukuthuthukiswa odlule.
• IL-76TDP - futhi iphindwa ukuthuthukiswa ngaphambili. isicelo Main - ukusha kwamahlathi, okuyinto kancane eshintsha hold wezimpahla bese usetha amanzi osenyameni uhlelo.
• A-50 - enhliziyweni lokhu ukuthuthukiswa namanje sibonelo efanayo nge fuel ithangi ezengeziwe. uhlelo Plane efakwe AEW (Isexwayiso Airborne Okuqala Control).
• Il-76M - kuhlangene version ngokuqondile i-Air Force. I lobuchwepheshe ingxenye iphindwa T version, kodwa izingalo isibhamu, futhi ikhono A-50.
• Yl 76MD - version lempi kuka AP ecacisiwe. izinjini okusha nezempi "ukugcwaliswa". Ayikwazanga ukuthutha amathangi medium noma amabutho empi abangafika kwabangu-200.
• Il-76LL - le nguqulo iye eqoqwe amakhophi olulodwa futhi kwaba laboratory flying sokuthuthukiswa nokuhlolwa izinjini ezintsha. Amakhasimende babe Onjiniyela ngokwabo okb Ilyushin.
• IL-78 - indiza-ngamaloli. Ubuncane zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali ubuncane umthwalo. ezengeziwe fuel amathangi amabili.
• Adman1 - version of the A-50, babuthana ukuze balalele Air Force e-Iraq. Kwadingeka radar ezengeziwe.
• Adman2 - umshini futhi ithunyelwa Iraq Air Force. Yona futhi le ndiza eyingoduso ku control nesiqondiso fighters.

ukuthuthukiswa ngokwezifiso

Ngaphandle inguqulo LL, obadalwa konjiniyela, ikhiphe ukuhlukahluka ambalwa angajwayelekile. Ngokusho ngolwazi olungekho emthethweni, kwakukhona 1-2 e abanamakhophi abo siqu e negama uphawu yedijithali ingemukelwa. Njengoba i-prototype kubo bonke bakhonza njengendikimba IL-76T - izindiza lenyuka uphethiloli umthamo. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka esibhedlela ngendiza, esiphathiswa laser izikhali , ngisho nemibandela Simulator weightlessness, elakhelwe osomkhathi.

umthamo

Ngo ukuthuthukiswa yimuphi izindiza yesimanje, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo, nabaqambi kufanele inake amaningi esilisa imingcele zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, kungenjalo umkhumbi zizonikwa avuke emoyeni. Lapho ukuthuthukiswa liyaphela futhi waqala ikhiqizwe ngokugcwele, izindiza, amakhasimende kuyodingeka ukuba banake ezinye izindawo, kodwa esinye sazo kuyinto evamile nabaqambi, futhi abathwali.

It - umthamo. IL-76TD e ngcono eziningi kwadingeka ithuba lokuthwala izikhathi eyodwa nengxenye engaphezu kuka-prototype yayo. Esikhathini izimoto zokuqala kwamenyezelwa sibalo 28 wamathani. Ngo ngentuthuko yakamuva - 42, futhi izinguqulo ezintsha - ezingamathani angaba ngu-60.

iqembu

Njengabantu abaningi Soviet ukushayela izindiza zokuthutha impahla, indiza wathola ezicwebezelisiwe isiyingi at umnsalo. Ingxenye engenhla, lapho ukulawula main, futhi aphansi - ishadi endlini. Amatilosi Il-76TD kufakwe abantu 5. Lokhu Umshayeli wendiza wokuqala (owaziwa nangokuthi FAC), umshayeli yesibili, indiza unjiniyela nomsakazo opharetha. Futhi in the team ngase ngiyingxenye itilosi. Izindiza kuqala futhi izinguqulo luyingxenye lempi abe abasemkhunjini ngaphezulu ezimbili - kukhona amasosha imicibisholo. Leya ndiza Igumbi ishadi eboshiwe ukubukeka engavamile ngandlela-thile umnsalo.

gcwalisa

isizathu esikhethekile sokuba kukhulunywe ufanelwe uhlelo nophethiloli. Ku-airliner civil ejwayelekile, kungakhathaliseki inani izinjini, kukhona ezimbili, ngezinye izikhathi ithangi ezintathu. imfundo Standard for amathangi ukusebenza lobuchwepheshe 76TD IL-okukhulunywa 12, ihlukaniswe 4 izingxenye (by izinjini). In ngamunye kubo kusekhona ukuhlukana kwabo ku amathangi lokuqala, lesibili futhi isipele. Ngakho, umshayeli has Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo eyanele ukulawula fuel ukugeleza futhi kungaba ngokushesha basabela isiphi isimo esingalindelekile. umthamo Ubude bazo zonke amathangi idlule uphawu amalitha ayizinkulungwane 100 uphethiloli.

izici

Sibuyuyekeze nemingcele ngazinye IL-76TD. Imininingwane kufanele kuncishiswe uhlu jikelele.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi izindiza eziningi kakade fly engaphezu kweyikhulu ikota, ukuqala, ukuthi ukuphila service kunjiniyela - 30 iminyaka. Nokho, kuyafaneleka ukuthi izinguqulo ezintsha zisekhona off the line umhlangano, kodwa akasekho Tashkent, manje ubhekwa phesheya, futhi Ulyanovsk.

• Namaphiko - 50 m.
• Wing Area - sq 300. m.
• Aircraft obuphelele - 46,5 m, cargo gumbi - 24,5.
• Ukuphakama (ku keel) - 14.7 m; Truck cab - 3.4 m.
• Ububanzi - 3, 45 (cargo gumbi).
• Volume - 321 cubic metres. m.

Phawula ukuthi isigaba fuselage circle ephelele, futhi kudingeka bathi indiza kungenzeka ukufaka kummango yesibili, kanti ubude wezimpahla gumbi kancane, kodwa incipha.

Flight idatha:

• Okuncane ukusuka isisindo - amathani 88, esiphezulu - 210.
• Speed - 800 km / h, esiphezulu - 850.
• Flight ububanzi - 4000 km, esiphezulu - 6000.
• ophahleni Olungokoqobo - 12,000 m.
• isivinini Landing - 210 km / h.
• Ubude evulekile ukusuka (mini) - 850 m, zokutshala - 450 m.
• Izinjini - 4 (HPT 30KP-D-2).
• Yokudonsa amandla - 12 000 kg ngamunye.
• Okokhelekayo e wonke amathangi - 109,5 l.

A ukuvinjelwa izindiza

I ekuqaleni kwekhulu entsha kwaphawulwa ibha omnyama kakhulu ekuthuthukeni 76 onobuhle. Ngo-2000, ICAO (inhlangano International eyengamela lonke civil aviation) uye some izimfuneko zohlelo lwe-izindiza yesimanje. Ukuze umshini okungahambisani ukuhlangabezana nemithetho emisha, ivaliwe zezindiza e-Europe, i-Nyakatfo Melika, Japan ngisho Australia. Izinsolo esikhulu ukuze IL-76 steel umsindo nokungcola komoya.

Umphumela waba sesimanje version imishini, okuyinto wathola ngaphezu Inkomba esemqoka 90VD. isigaba esisha izindiza ngaphandle komkhawulo fly emhlabeni wonke, ekuletheni izimpahla ezisemagumbini ezahlukene kakhulu emhlabeni.

okwamanje,

Njengoba indiza yokuqala 76th ngakhonza Air Force we-Union of iminyaka engu-15 futhi siqhubeke sikhonza emazweni CIS. izinguqulo abasha Russia, Ukraine, eBelarus nakwamanye amazwe. abangamakhulu ambalwa izimoto eyayihlangene emazweni angaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho impi, kungenzeka uma sibala izakhiwo ezimbalwa IL-76TD esetshenziswa namuhla. Mes, abezimo eziphuthumayo, wevikeleko, kanye ezinye izindiza abathintekayo ngezinqola zesitimela traffic kuphela. Kukhona ngisho ngezigaba olungekho emthethweni: AN-124 - i-Enkulukazi, omunye 747 sika "Boeing" - isikhathi eside, futhi IL-76 - i-multi-purpose kakhulu.

isiphetho

IL-76TD - indiza wezimpahla empini, engesiyo eyaziwa kanye nomklamo Antonov, kodwa, nokho, sibonga kungenzeka kokufika kokubili emhlabathini futhi strip ukhonkolo yayingekho ngaphansi okwandile. Naphezu ngaphezu yobudala zihlaba, lokhu imodeli usekhonze futhi cishe iseyimizi prototype abe nenguqulo entsha, zanamuhla, kodwa qinani ukubukeka zikanokusho ongavamile kanye ezempi "loli".