Hadfield izici steel: ukwakheka, ukusetshenziswa

I steel umkhakha - kwenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu womkhiqizo okhandwe yiNingizimu izwe ngalinye, njengoba kuveza izinto eliyingqayizivele futhi ewusizo. Ngaphandle ekhiqizwa imikhiqizo steelworks abantu ababengakwazi ukuzenza ngaphandle. Steel - omunye wabo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene izinto ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi. Steel, esesikhundleni plasticity okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi bagqoke rate, - Hadfield steel, - ingxubevange esiyingqayizivele. Izimfuneko ke kulawulwa GOST 977-88 kanye nozakwabo bakwamanye amazwe (USA, eNgilandi, eJalimane, China, Japan, Finland, Spain, Korea).

Umlando Hadfield steel

Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi kwaba Robert Hadfield Uthole lesi ingxubevange. Wayengubani unjiniyela? Robert Hadfield - metallurgist IsiZulu owathola ingxubevange ngamandla ephakeme e 1882. Maduze, lesi steel sandile futhi kwaba impahla eyingqayizivele kakhulu.

Ngemva Hadfield Steel uye wazakhela esiyingqayizivele, abanesifiso ukuthuthukiswa yayo ngamasosha. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba i ingxubevange enjalo iyisici esibalulekile ngoba ukudalwa izinto zokuzivikela zamasosha.

Infantry nangesigqoko ezimangelengele - imishini lokuqala zokuzivikela, ogxile Hadfield steel. Lezi nezigqoko basetshenziswa emabuthweni-British Army ke waba nesithakazelo ukuthuthukiswa-United States futhi baqala ukukhiqizwa wabo. Kufika 80 ubuchwepheshe Hadfield steel awushintshanga. Kodwa nge-yalolucwaningo 80 yasungulwa organoplastics ukuthi amandla akuyona izinto phansi kunabaphostoli akhiwa metallurgist British, kodwa kwaba lula kakhulu.

Omakalabha elihamba - akusiwona kuphela ukusetshenziswa Hadfield steel. Senkampani "Vickers" waba ngowokuqala ingasetshenziswa ezinye izinjongo steel ephezulu grade. Zilandelwa iloli armored baqala ukunyathelisa Hadfield we ingxubevange ku 20s. Steel ithangi amaloli anda mileage kusuka amakhilomitha 500 kuya 4800. Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ukukhuphuka ezifanayo mileage kubhekwa cishe isimangaliso. Hadfield steel isibe esisemqoka ukuthuthukiswa ethangini. Maduzane, le ingxubevange isetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ukugcwalisa ithange kodwa nakwezinye izimboni. Ngo-USSR, ekuqaleni Hadfield steel smelted ngo-1936.

Hadfield Steel: Ukwakheka

Ukuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi iphesenti carbon futhi manganese kungabonwa ukuthi steel austenitic. isakhiwo esinjalo sithuthukisa ukumelana ukuwohloka Uqinisa ingxubevange. Ngakho, i-steel olumelana inqubo ukusonteka, kokuba ngezinga eliphezulu ductility futhi ubunzima. Steelmakers ukusho ukuthi lo ingxubevange steel lokuqala engagqwali, okuyinto beqale mass-umkhiqizo.

Properties of Hadfield steel

Ngenxa impahla yayo steel austenitic ayikwazanga ukucubungulwa amathuluzi ngokusika, ngoba viscosity okusezingeni eliphezulu. udini kuphela angase afanelekele womshini imikhiqizo eyenziwe kulokhu kwaziswa.

Hadfield ingxubevange lunamandla okusezingeni eliphezulu umsebenzi ukuqina, okuyinto kakhulu kunakunoma efanayo Alloys steel. steel Austenitic has ubulukhuni ongaphakeme, high bafake enqabe kodwa naphezu umthelela, umfutho ophakeme futhi lokushisa amaconsi. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zici, singasho ukuthi British metallurgist steel ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni onakalisayo.

ubuchwepheshe Welding Ikakhulukazi Hadfield steel

I conductivity ezishisayo we austenite kakhulu leliphasi kunaleyo yezinye lezinsimbi, izikhathi 4-6. I ezishisayo ukunwetshwa Coefficient kuyinto kaningi kunaleyo ongaphakeme-carbon lezinsimbi - ezikhathini 1.9. Lezi zici ebaluleke kakhulu metal, ngakho umphumela kungenzeka kwemifantu kubanda ukuchayeka lokushisa.

Kukhona okungenzeka abalulekile kwemifantu ashisayo ngenxa ukuncipha kwe-ingxubevange thusi, okuyinto izikhathi 1.6 ngaphezulu ongaphakeme-carbon lensimbi. Amazinga aphezulu siguqule isakhiwo austenitic kuya martensitic, okwandisa ingozi imifantu esifundeni okushisa aphakeme.

Izindawo kwesicelo Hadfield steel

Ngenxa amakhemikhali ukwakheka kwayo, izici nezici austenite isetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi. Ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo steel, ungaqiniseka of ukwethembeka futhi wahlala isikhathi eside eliphakeme.

steel Wear ukumelana sisetshenziselwa izinto ezithandwayo. Inani elikhulu of izimboni ezikhiqiza imikhiqizo ephezulu amandla, wasebenzisa Hadfield steel. Imikhiqizo elandelayo ikhiqizwa lokhu ingxubevange:

• imikhiqizo Engineering.
• Truckee amathangi amacimbi.
• Ogandaganda.
• Sesitimela ukuwela.
• Kuletha abantu abayimbijana, uyakwazi ezisebenza umthelela umthwalo nemihuzuko izimo ezinzima.
• zejele phezu emafasiteleni.
• izingxenye crusher.

Okujabulisayo is yokukhiqiza ngamahele ejele austenite. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinto ihlaya okwenyanga eziboshwa ozama ukubaleka. Ngokwe-zabuna uhlobo, izihlobo eziningi ngokunyenya a hacksaw ukuze iziboshwa ngethemba inkululeko uqale ukusika iwindi nemigoqo.

Endabeni metal abavamile kuyinto yokuphunyuka kungenzeka. Kodwa Hadfield ingxubevange - kuba steel ukugqoka nemithi, okuyinto ngokuvamile hacksaw ukuba wabona engenakwenzeka. Uma uqala ukuba wabona ngehele we ingxubevange Hadfield, ke iqala lukhuni ebusweni, okuholela ukuqina austenite. Hacksaw ngehele kwandisa nobulukhuni kanye ubulukhuni handsaw ngenhla. Ngakho-ke, singakhuluma mayelana okungokoqobo yokuphunyuka.

steel 110G13L

Steel grade 110G13L - ingxubevange, esetshenziselwa Castings futhi anezakhi ezikhethekile. Lokhu kuhlinzwa has a high bafake ukumelana at amagalelo noma ingcindezi nomehluko.

Isicelo lezinsimbi 110G13L

Lokhu uhlobo steel lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa izinto ezilandelayo:

• Heavy komsebenzi izingxenye ezidinga ukuba okuhlala.
• Isigaxa crusher.
• Amazinyo abembayo udonga.
• Ezezindlu ibhola, jet Mills.

lezinsimbi Analogs

steel okunjalo ezivezwa emazweni amaningi.

Properties of the steel grade 110G13L

izakhiwo zobuchwepheshe futhi mechanical we indaba kunikezwe encwadini ethi amatafula.

izakhiwo Mechanical at T = 20 ^o C brand steel 110G13L

ukwelashwa ukushisa

ukwelashwa ukushisa Hadfield steel incike ezingeni okuqukethwe carbon e ingxubevange. Izinga eliphakeme carbon, ayanda izinga lokushisa. Ngokwesibonelo, uma e ingxubevange kuba 1%, izinga lokushisa kufanele kube ngezansi 900 degrees. Uma 1.5% carbon, ukucutshungulwa kungenzeka nganoma degrees 1000. Uma carbon elikhona ingxubevange at 1.6%, izinga lokubanda kufanele libe ngenhla 1050 degrees. Lokhu kulandelwa amanzi indlu.

lokushisa okuphezulu siyadingeka ukuze nokonakala ephelele carbides, zilulaza ikhwalithi thusi, futhi ukukhula okusanhlamvu austenite. ekubunjweni ukuchayeka isikhathi incike Uhlonze lwalo. Ngakho, ukushuba 30-mm kudinga sifakwe emanzini emahoreni angu-4, futhi 125 mm - 24 amahora.

Nemihuzuko ukumelana Hadfield ensimbi isimo njengoba-cast kuyafana ngemva eqeda. isakhiwo austenite Uzungezwe yinhlangano Carbide futhi anezikhala liziphatha ukugqoka izimo kanye eyohlobo ingxubevange saphenduka. Kungaba Ngakho-ke wagomela ukuthi kwezinye microvolumes oncibilikisiwe austenite inamandla efanayo futhi ihlala isikhathi eside njengoba steel lukhuni. fragility yayo anda ngenxa ithonya yegridi Carbide, elibangela lokuhlushwa oqinile ubhekane nokucindezeleka yangaphakathi.

Hadfield steel yasungulwa amashumi eminyaka edlule. Namuhla, ingxubevange steel - iyingxenye ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo abaningi kwimisebenzi ehlukile. Ngaphandle izimboni ezifana isakhiwo umshini, uwoyela negesi, amakhemikhali, okulungisa ukudla, amandla umkhakha kungenzeka zingasebenzi kahle. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nokwakhiwa, ithangi yokukhiqiza kanye nokuthuthukiswa izinhlobo ezintsha izikhali ezisebenzisa entsha impumelelo steel umkhakha. Nokho, onjiniyela kanye metallurgists abaqondi ngokuphelele yonke impahla, izici izici lezinsimbi ingxubevange.