Honoré de Balzac: Biography futhi umsebenzi emfushane

Omunye wabalobi kunabo bonke ekhulwini XIX - O. de Balzac. Biography omlobi akuyona wawungaphansi okusheshayo namaqhawe adventure, okuyinto edala. Kuze kube manje, izwe anentshisekelo ekuphileni kwakhe siqu.

ebuntwaneni ebabayo

Umsunguli we okwangempela wazalwa Meyi 20, 1799, emzini wase-Tours, esemgwaqweni maphakathi France. weza umbhali kusukela emndenini elula kodwa entsha. Ubaba, ummeli wendawo, Bernar Fransua Balssa wathenga futhi zidayiselwe ezweni zonakale nezicukuthwane. Leli bhizinisi bamlethela inzuzo. Lokhu kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ke yashintsha igama lakhe, futhi wabonisa off nokuzwelana yakhe umbhali ethandwa UJean-Louis Gez de Balzac, okuyinto zazingenzelwanga.

Ngemva kwalokho wathola Isiqalo ahlukile "de". Bernard washada indodakazi, u-Anne-Charlotte Laura Salammbo, owayeneminyaka engu-30 junior yakhe. Umama ka Honoré livela emindenini ahlukile. Kepha owesifazane lo wayengumGreki inkululeko-onothando futhi akazange ukufihla amanoveli akhe. Kusukela link ohlangothini kwakukhona umfowabo umbhali, owayeyilungu oluthandayo Anna. Umhlengikazi wanika umbhali esizayo. Ngemva kokuba sengihlale endlini boarding.

Endlini lapho endaweni kuqala konke ngaphandle umndeni, umfana Kwakungelula. ukunakwa Little ebuntwaneni wathola Honoré de Balzac. Biography kafushane ezichazwe eminye yemisebenzi yakhe. Izinkinga ukuthi wabhekana nazo ngesikhathi eseyingane, futhi kamuva samanje ngemisebenzi yakhe.

ummeli Yehlulekile

Ngokusobala, wayeyisazi ngofuzo izici eziyisisekelo abazali, ngoba esikhathini esizayo base liphinyiselwe ubuntu bakhe. Ngesicelo ubaba nendodana likamama wathunyelwa ekolishi Vendome, lapho afundela khona ezomthetho. Yezefundo ezahlukene isiyalo elibuhlungu ukuthi mfana wabhuntsha. Ngoba uye wathola enomlando wokuba Slacker nomphangi. Kukhona ingane wathola lomhlaba wonke lezincwadi. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-12 ngokokuqala wazama esandleni sakhe, njengendlela umlobi. Khona-ke imisebenzi yakhe phezu kwakho konke bebahleka ofunda nabo.

Ngenxa ukucindezeleka njalo nokuntula usizo kubantu abagulayo ingane. Abazali wamthatha ekhaya. Ogulayo iminyaka eminingi. Odokotela abaningi ungayeki isiqinisekiso sokuthi ingane bayophila. Noma kunjalo, wakwazi ukuphuma.

Le nsizwa yahamba ku ukufunda ummeli ibhizinisi esijana eParis, lapho abazali bakhe base bethuthile. Ngo izifundo esikoleni sezomthetho e 1816 - 1819 iminyaka. ummeli olungisa izivumelwano Kanyekanye ukusebenza. Kodwa ngempela nje bakhangwa emhlabeni izincwadi. Kuye futhi udonse Balzac. Biography ngabe akubanga njena, kodwa abazali sinqume ukusekela umdlalo indodana amnike ithuba.

uthando kuqala

Ubaba wathembisa eminyakeni emibili ukusekela Honoré. Ngalesi sikhathi le nsizwa kwakumelwe azibonakalise ukuthi ungasebenza isiqondiso abakhethiwe. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ithalenta esizayo ngenkuthalo ayesebenza khona, kodwa akekho yemisebenzi yakhe azisuswanga sina. Usizi lokuqala "Cromwell" waba okwalapha uyakulahlwa. Ngokuvamile, kuze 1823, wabhala lukhulu ngokukwazi 20. Kamuva, wabiza imisebenzi yakhe ekuseni etemibhalo yephutha okuqinile.

Ngezikhathi ezithile le nsizwa ayesuka Paris izifundazwe, lapho lo mkhaya uthuthela. Elapho, watholana Laura de Berny. Ngalowo zithandelana owesifazane yomlando wakhe. Honoré Balzac, obamukele ubuncane uthando kwabakhulelwe, atholakala izingalo Mma (abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-20), ukufudumala nesisa. ekuphileni komkhaya okungajabulisi, nezingane eziyisithupha ngezingalo zakhe, waba uthando lwakhe kanye nokwesekwa.

Lapho kufika isikhathi ukubika izihlobo izimoto kule minyaka emibili ukuthi usekelwa uthando lwakhe, Balzac mbibi ukunikeza. Yonke imizamo ukuba singangeni ngenkani ezweni sashaqeka. Ngakho-ke, umndeni wenqaba kuye ngokheshi.

umthambo usomabhizinisi

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, amazwi master wayefuna ukuba okuyihlazo ocebile. Nakuba izincwadi engazange asungule, umlobi nesazi uzama uthole. Okokuqala, inikeza ivolumu edition zabuna. Uhlela ukushicilela. Khona-ke wathumela ukuba Sardinia okutholakala ezimayini esiliva esikweni lamaRoma asendulo. Esinye uhlelo oye kungafaneleki ngokwayo - ukutshala uphayinaphu, eduze neParis. Complex futhi kumnandi izikimu ibhizinisi biography egcwele Balzac. Chaza kafushane yonke imiklamo zakhe kungaba igama elilodwa - ukwehluleka.

Kusukela ukwehluleka kakade izikweletu ezinkulu khulu. Kusukela ejele ngenxa izikweletu unina wasindisa, okuyinto ingxenye abuyiselwe imali ebolekiswayo.

Phakathi nenkathi ende yokubusa ukuphila genius wajaha ubumpofu. Ngakho, ngolunye usuku ngo-efulethini yakhe yabona isela elula. Thinta ayekufuna into engase yebiwe. Umnikazi, ngubani ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola egumbini, awuzange ishaqeke, wathi: "Ngeze owufunayo ebumnyameni, lokho engingakubekanga babone ukukhanya."

Indlela eya empumelelweni

Ukulalela lalingekho izimfanelo ukuthi kwadingeka Honoré de Balzac. Biography omlobi ngeke kubangele imizwelo kakhulu, uma hhayi inkolelo yakhe okungantengantengi ngala e ikusasa labo siqu. Master waqhubeka esebenza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi.

Ngo-1829, umlobi wasiphakamisa usiba lwayo futhi. Wazakhela nesimiso ezinzima. Waya embhedeni 6 ntambama, ngavuka ekuseni ngabona phakathi kobusuku. Zonke ngesikhathi ebhala. Kwamenywa Amakhasi lisuke ngaphansi kwengalo yakhe. Force ngokwako, wayilondoloza izinkomishi eziningi ikhofi eqinile.

Kwenziwa nemizamo ethwele impumelelo. Udumo wamlethela inoveli zomlando "Shuany". Izwe wayengakamazi ngubani Balzac. Biography nombhali uveza ukuthi kuze kube manje liye basebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene izibizo.

Isenzo kule ncwadi, kutawenteka ngesikhatsi French Revolution. Lapha umbhali unekhono ngobuciko uchaze umzabalazo zamabutho republic kusukela shuang.

Ngokulandelayo, kwakha "Scenes zokuphila yangasese", "I elixir zokuba nempilo ende", indaba "Gobsek".

Isisekelo umsebenzi oyinhloko

On kwamaphiko impumelelo master enquma ngo-1831 ukwakha uchungechunge izindaba. Lokhu kwakufanele abe incazelo yokuthi yini oko izimilo. Isihloko - "Human Comedy." Umsebenzi waqala nge izigcawu yokuphila Paris XVIII-XIX leminyaka.

iminyango eminingi wavula phambi igama Honoré de Balzac. Biography indoda emva umbani udumo atholwe imibala emisha. Esikhathini nokucwala imfashini kunazo eyamukelwa ngalo njengoba isivakashi kunezivakashi ezihlonishwayo. Lapho, umlobi ngajwayelana abaningi amaqhawe imisebenzi yakhe ephakeme yesikhathi esizayo, lapho elahlanganiswa "Human Comedy". Labor Inhloso kwakuwukuba sihlanganise wonke umsebenzi wabo abhalwe umjikelezo owodwa. Wayithatha yonke le amanoveli esedlule oyenzile futhi kancane washintsha kubo. Heroes izincwadi ezahlukene aluthola phakathi umndeni, ubungane nezinye ubudlelwano. Nendumezulu kwakufanele aqukethe 143 amanoveli. Kodwa kwakunzima ukuletha umqondo ekupheleni engumFulentshi.

Okwavelela kwaba indlela engavamile nombhali isiphetho izinhlamvu, ngoba bazalwa, sakhula, wamthanda, oshadile futhi bakhulisa izingane zabo kule imiqulu Amakhasi.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela ahlekisayo

"Umbhali okungenakuqhathaniswa" - lena igama Balzac etholakele baxgeki. Biography omlobi phakade elihlobene ne "ahlekisayo womuntu." It liqukethe izingxenye ezintathu. Eyokuqala futhi yakhula kakhulu, ezazihlanganisa umsebenzi odlule - "Imidwebo yokuziphatha." Lapha izethameli ihlangana Gobsek ungoqo, uyise esingenandaba Goriot, a French isikhulu bushelelezi. Eyesibili kwesigaba - "i-sefilosofi." Isiza umfundi ukuqagela mayelana nenjongo yokuphila. inoveli "shagreen" olufakiwe lapha. Ingxenye yesithathu - "Analytical Studies." Izincwadi kule ndima ukukhiqiza ukucabanga ngokweqile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukubeka indaba ku sikaphalafini emuva.

Egcwele funny izimo Biography of Balzac. Ukudala inzuzo, kodwa akazange yokuhlangabezana nazo zonke izindleko kanye nezikweletu esidlule. Kukhona indaba nombhali masonto onke waya umhleli yakhe, ukucela i kusengaphambili ngokumelene royalties esizayo. Shona kwahluka ukuhaha, ngakho akuvamile wayesekhathele imali. Omunye umlobi, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, kwafika yokukhokha, kodwa uNobhala ukuthi namuhla umnikazi alamukeli. Yini Balzac waphendula ukuthi nguye weyengenandaba, inqobo nje uma ikhanda yanika imali.

abesifazane asebeqinile

Honoré alithandeki ngokubukeka kodwa ngakunqoba izintokazi eziningi. Babulala fuse kanye nogqozi ngawo umbhali wathi. Ngakho-ke, ngaso sonke isikhathi khulula wachitha lokubhala somuntu intombi eseceleni eziningi. ukunakwa wakhe izuzwe izintokazi kababaningi abayizikhulu, kodwa ngokuvamile ngeze. Abesifazane "nenhle" yobudala walithanda Balzac. Biography omlobi egcwele uhambo romantic. namaqhawekazi yabo yaziwa nangabanye abagada kahle ngale abantu 30. okunjalo wachaza ngemisebenzi yakhe.

Waba uhlamvu ethandwa kakhulu enovelini "owesifazane Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu." Isibalo esikhulu - intombazane, Julie. Ngalesi indlela, umlobi lidlulisela ngokucacile Psychology abesifazane. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu umsebenzi yazalwa elithi "owesifazane oseminyakeni yamashumi amane," ukuthi inenekazi iminyaka engu-30 kuya kwengu-40.

dream zigcwaliseka

Uthando udlala indima ebalulekile yokuphila komuntu. Countess Polish Evelina Ganskaya baba kushisekela kwakho ukuthi wake wazizwa kanjalo uHonoré de Balzac. Biography uchaza kafushane ubungane. Owesifazane, kanye nenqwaba yezinye abalandeli, wathumela ukuqashelwa umbhali. Le ndoda yathi. waqala ukubhalelana. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, bahlangana ekusithekeni.

Evelyn abangamaGreki enqaba ukuyeka unkosikazi beshada umlobi. Ubudlelwano eyathatha iminyaka engu-17. Mahhala, waba, lapho yena ongumfelokazi. Khona-ke abantu ababili ashade. Kwathi ngo-May 1850, edolobheni Ukraine Berdichev. Kodwa ukuze ukuphila sikujabulele eshadile Balzac akazange abe nesikhathi. Wayengumuntu ukugula okungathí sina isikhathi eside, futhi wafa ngonyaka efanayo 18 Agasti e-Paris.

Master basike ngamunye izinhlamvu zakhe. Wayengasabi okwenza izimpilo zabo, hhayi kuphela egqamile, kodwa futhi ubhekane namaqiniso. Yingakho izinhlamvu Balzac sika zisekhona ezithakazelisayo ngco kulofundzako.