Horace - Biography. Kvint Goratsiy Flakk - imbongi engumRoma

Horace - yesibili imbongi omkhulu zaseRoma Virgil, ngubani wazimisela umsebenzi wokudala a izincwadi imodeli. Wayekholelwa ukuthi izinkondlo "ulimi yokuzivocavoca." Horace akakuthandanga amazwi Catullus, futhi wazama ukubhala imisebenzi sasiyofana, futhi izinkondlo nozwela kakhulu ka-Virgil.

Umfundi libaluleke hhayi kuphela imisebenzi imbongi omkhulu wamaRoma, kodwa futhi inkathi kwalo ngokomlando, biography. Goratsiy Kvint babamba iqhaza elikhulu ukuze izincwadi zezwe, kodwa liphuma emkhayeni elula. Ngo izinkondlo zakhe yena washayelwa ekuhlakanipheni kwakhe futhi wanikeza inani izincomo uhlelo kuyisiphazamiso esimisweni sokuhle nokubi, esekelwe okuyinto ifilosofi segolide kusho amanga.

Horace: ukuphila nomsebenzi

Imbongi omkhulu wamaRoma, wazalwa ngo-65 BC. e. e Venusia. Umsebenzi wakhe ewela eyishumi yokuqala wokubusa ka-Octavian Awugustu, ezathatha indawo kaKhesari. Wazalwa emndenini freedmen, abanakekela kumiswa indodana yakhe ngemva kokufa kwakhe wamshiya ifa elincane.

ukuphila Imbongi, kodwa inhliziyo yayibukhuni kuhlobane ngokuqondile umsebenzi Maecenas. Lapho eseRoma, wabulawa kuKhesari, Kvint Goratsiy Flakk wajoyina abasekeli Brutus. Lokho Patron wamsiza yokuzenza empilweni: ifa eziye zaziletha futhi busuka umbuthano Awugustu.

Horace wabulawa Ukugula ku-8 leminyaka BC. e. Wembelwa eceleni kwakhe le esenziwa Maecenas ku emaphethelweni Esquiline.

art Izici

Kvint Goratsiy Flakk kwaba imbongi enemisebenzi owadala amasampula izinkondlo ezahlukene izinhlobo lyrical - izinkondlo amaculo. Bobabili isebenza ifomu kanye nemizwelo ngokwanele emcimbini. Nokho, izinkondlo zakhe, eyakhululwa ngo-izincwadi ezine, azihloselwe ukuba adumise impumelelo yomunye umuntu futhi abonisa ukuhlakanipha ukuphila imbongi kanye ifilosofi yakhe. Horace ibanika iseluleko, ebhekisela owachitha izinkondlo.

Zonke imisebenzi imbongi omkhulu wamaRoma zingahlukaniswa zibe imijikelezo eziningana ngohlobo:

1. epodov (dvuhstishiya-inkondlo uhlamvu iambic).

2. Ihlaya (umkhiqizo ukuchayeka imvelo). Nakuba yabhalwa ngo-hexameters.

3. Ode (tinkondlo lyrical anikezelwe umcimbi).

UHorace, ogama biography kuhlanganisa izinkathi ezintathu lomsebenzi, a lifetime banamathela ifilosofi kusho segolide, wakhelwa ekuhlakanipheni, ngokubona, ubuhle, ubuhle nokuvumelana.

imiyalezo Uhlobo

Kvint Goratsiy Flakk, ogama izinkondlo ingxenye enkulu enikelwe ngabanye, kuphumelela kakhulu kule zemibhalo. Uye ebhaliwe 23 izinhlamvu, zinyanga zazo - "Ukuze Python" - Umsebenzi wesibili ukuhluzwa kwemibhalo ngemva 'izinkondlo yesayensi "zika-Aristotle, okuyinto kufakazela ukuthi kubalulekile ngokomongo izincwadi emhlabeni. Kubalulekile aesthetics Horace - ukukhalipha, ngokuvumelana nemvelo, ukuze isitayela nekukhetfwa kwemagama waphakamisa ngokugcwele kuhambisana indaba ephathwayo. izinkondlo zakhe okunzima ukuyiqonda. Iogann Volfgang Gete wake wabhala ukuthi izithombe imiyalezo iyefana "pendulum." Ukwakheka izinkondlo lyric nzima yokuthi Horace ungase ngobuciko bahamba ngezinyawo besuka kwenye isithombe kwesinye, usebenzisa umbhalo amamitha ehlukene senkondlo. izinkondlo zakhe zigcwele ezihlukahlukene amagama efanele, amagama ezindawo, yena alalelisise imininingwane.

Thematic amaqembu izinkondlo kaHorace

Inkondlo-reflection kukhona owumthombo ngokuhlakanipha. Kvint Goratsiy Flakk, umsebenzi wabo ikakhulu emelelwa izinkondlo izincwadi ezine, ubhala kuleli qembu thematic kwi ngobufushane bokuphila ijubane isikhathi samanje. Ngaye, ukuphishekela esidumisa futhi ingcebo kukhona lutho. I izinkondlo of love indaba ephathwayo umsindo, idili, kodwa ngokungafani Catullus izinkondlo, ithoni kwabo kube mnandi futhi kumduduze. Ungakwazi ukubala 7 amagama nensikazi, ukuba lapho Horace wabhala inkondlo-reflection. Kwelinye izinkondlo zakhe (№30 «Ukuze Melpomene") kukhulisa inkinga yokungafi imbongi kanye ingxenye ukuphola isiko emuva izinkondlo ongumGibhithe ukungafi womuntu kufinyelelwa ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, ukudalwa kwemisebenzi etemibhalo. infinity yakhe Horace ubona evesini.

Ukuhlaziywa ODE № 30

Lo msebenzi wathola igama ikhodi "Isikhumbuzo". Inkondlo is ngakho wayethanda zabuna ezincwadi isiRashiya, ukuthi nomqondo wokungafi imbongi waboleka UGavrilă Derzhavin ( "Ngiye yamisa lesikhumbuzo emangalisayo, kwaphakade"), Alexander Pushkin ( "Mina ngiyindlela wakha isikhumbuzo ngokusoka okungenziwanga ngezandla"), Valery Bryusov ( "lesikhumbuzo wami zezitsha of mavesi eziyinkimbinkimbi ungwaqa "). Eminyakeni emibili njengenhlangano epigraph amavesi waboleka ngesiLatini, ayesiprofethe kanye Horace. Biography imbongi, njengoba sazi, lwalungakapheli enviable: ingane akazi okunethezeka bebodwa uzama ukuhlala ezingqondweni zabantu amakhulu eminyaka.

Ode №30 ngokuthi "Ukuze Melpomene" futhi iphela incwadi wesithathu izinkondlo; Melpomene in izinganekwane kuyinto kushukumisa nhlekelele. Ngo umkhiqizo Horace ukhuluma impumelelo yakhe futhi ekupheleni sikhalo salo ukuze umqhele ngokwakho nge Wreath umfire. Kuze kube yimanje, izinguqulo yimpumelelo kakhulu izinkondlo №30 kubhekwe Lomonosov tinkondlo Vostokova.

satires kaHorace

Peru, imbongi omkhulu wamaRoma basonta amaqoqo eziningana satires. Kule kuwufanele siphethe ngokuthi wayedume hhayi kuphela njengokaputeni izinkondlo. Ihlaya Horace zifane nezimpikiswano zefilosofi mayelana nenjongo yokuphila kuyo azwakalisa ifilosofi kusho segolide. Into eyinhloko usulu ziyindlela zamanga injabulo, ukuphishekela izimpahla engokomfanekiso. Kvint Goratsiy Flakk, uhlamvu kabani izinkondlo kukhona satirical uyadelela exokozelayo futhi izidakwa. Omunye izincomo ekuphileni kwakhe uthi ke akudingekile ukuba abe isigqila iwayini angaqeda usizi ukuhlukunyezwa lesi siphuzo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lo yinhlekisa ku satires kukhona izinkanuko womuntu futhi ngikwazi ukuthenga ugwayi notshwala, lapho ebhala mayelana siqu: Inombolo ukubhinqa 6, isibonelo, utshela indaba yokuphila kwakhe. UHorace, nge imvelaphi ongaphakeme, uhlala, okuqukethwe kanye amancane akazi okunethezeka.

Kahle Ubukhulu olusankondlo

Horace ngezinye izikhathi akufihli e izinkondlo zakhe kanye nemvelaphi yawo akanamahloni ukuba indodana omnene inceku intando. Ngu izilinganiso we etemibhalo umhlaziyi Mikhail Gasparov imbongi elisetshenziswa izinkondlo zakhe 12 zezintaka amavesi lwesiGreki sakuqala, ubuhlakani bakhe kuyinto ulwazi nabo ngobuciko obukhulu futhi ifa art senkondlo. Encwadini yokuqala izinkondlo zakhe, wamnika "umbukiso" lezi Ubukhulu ethulwa sapphic, alkeevu nezinye mavesi. Ngaphandle izinkondlo of UHorace, iminyaka yakho yokuphila ezibe beyithela khulu, ukusebenza epodov ezithi azifane kakhulu e ifomu pripevki. Babonisa okuqukethwe sezombangazwe, e iambs, bahlekwa usulu ukushiyeka abantu kanye nabantu (isibonelo ecacile - "Ukuze abantu baseRoma").

izincomo Horace sika kunezincazelo

"Thabani nalokho onakho esandleni." Ngakho okuhloswe iqiniso nje kubalulekile, othi kubalulekile nesifuna ukuphila sithabele nenala namuhla futhi hhayi ukuze asilahle ngamacala umdali ngokuba neqiniso lokuthi akuyona yonke abantu bazi futhi ecebile. Zonke izinzuzo kumele itholwe yayo komunye nomunye ngobuqotho yaneliswani kancane.

"Ukusebenzisa imali khona uma kopish kubo, kodwa ungachithi." ukwazi ukuthi zingaki izimo indaba, lapho indoda konke ukuphila kwayo ifuna ukwenza dolobha, bephika ngokwabo izinto eziningi, kodwa ukuzuza ke wafa. Horace uthi okungalungile nefilosofi: kufanele uchithe lemali elitholwe ngokulinganayo futhi baphile ngokugcwele, ngaphandle kwemingcele.

"Usizi zokuphila ngesivinini iwayini, kodwa ukwazi ngesilinganiso." Hedonism njengoba umkhuba sobuhle bayo igcugcutela umcondvo wekugcilisa injabulo njengoba umgomo ophakeme yokuphila komuntu. Horace wabelane ngalokhu umbono nengxenye: iwayini ukuphuza kungaba ngokuqinisekile ukucima usizi, kodwa musa kabi kwabo.

'Ungaweli uthando, kodwa hhayi abaphethwe uthando. " UHorace, ogama biography igcwele amagama abesifazane abayisikhombisa sika, baletha iqiniso, ngawo indoda aphile ngokuvumelana nenhliziyo yakho. Yena akaphiki uthando, kodwa okuphikisana ugqozi futhi ukuhlupheka.

Umlando kwezincwadi Roman emagameni

I bamahlaya abadumile kakhulu Roman kubhekwe Maktsy Thithu Plautus. Wabhala amahlaya amahlanu, kodwa safika 19. nje Sekukonke, ingumnikazi imigqa ezingaphezu kuka 20,000 yenkondlo.

Lucretius futhi Catullus yizona ezimelela bhá zezincwadi Roman kwesikhathi republic. Eyokuqala nombhali "On the Umhlobo Izinto", kanti eyesibili wayedume izinkondlo zakhe uthando.

Publius Vergilius Maro ewumlutha izinhlobo eziningi etemibhalo. Imbongi laseRoma nombhali "Aeneid" inkondlo nobuqhawe

Publius Ovid Naso ngokuthi owayephila oluphansi Horace. He is umbhali nkondlo "Science of Love" ebhalwe umthambo kuyindida, kanye iqoqo lezingoma "Amores".

Phaedrus kuyinto imbongi ezivelele fabulist, ubani owaqala ngokubhala izinganekwane evesini. Yena baduma ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe siqu futhi izinguqulo of Aesop.

Ekuqaleni, igama elithi "temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba" eyayisetshenziswa Roma selisho neritmizovannoy inkulumo. Umkhiqizo wokuqala ngesimo nestihotvornoy eyavela kamuva kakhulu. Akwaziwa umlobi nesazi Kusolwa Apuleius - umbhali wencwadi adventure inoveli "Golden Ass", ilandelwe ukubaluleka kuyinto Petronius Arbiter, owabhala lona leli "Satyricon".