Hydroxides Amphoteric - ubunjalo ombaxambili ndaba

hydroxides Kukhona okuyinto basabela ngokuba acid lezisekelo zalo, kuncike kule mibandela. Lezi zinto zehlela bembonisa imvelo ezimbili abizwa ngokuthi hydroxides amphoteric. Basuke ezakhiwe seka metal kanye ion hydroxide, kanye zonke izisekelo. Ikhono ukwenza njenge acid lezisekelo ifa kuphela labo hydroxides aqukethe ukubunjwa yabo izinsimbi enjalo :. Be, Zn, Al, PB, Sn, Ga, Cd, Fe, Kr (III), njll Njengoba kubonakala kusukela Periodic System D. I. UMendeleyev, hydroxides ukwakha ezimbili imvelo izinsimbi okuyizinto esiseduzane non-izinsimbi. Kukholakala ukuthi izakhi ezifana kukhona izinhlobo shintsho, nokuhlukanisa ku izinsimbi kanye nonmetals kunalokho ezingafanele.

hydroxides Amphoteric abaqinile oluyimpuphu izinto fake crystalline okuyinto avame ezimhlophe coloration musa chaza emanzini futhi kancane conductive (electrolyte ababuthakathaka). Nokho, ezinye zalezi elisekela kungenziwa oncibilikiswe acid kanye alkalis. Dissociation "ukuxhumana ezimbili" izixazululo aqueous kwenzeka ngo acid-base hlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-force nokugcinwa phakathi kwama-athomu metal nomoya-mpilo (me- D) phakathi oxygen ne-hydrogen athomu (G - H) bucishe bulingane, isb Me - O - N. Ngakho-ke, kwalezi zibopho ziyophulwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi lezi zinto -dissotsiirovat cations H + futhi OH- anions.

Qinisekisa isimo ombaxambili lezi zakhi ngeke amphoteric hydroxide - Be (OH) _2. Cabanga nokuxhumana beryllium hydroxide nge acid isisekelo.

1. Yiba (OH) ₂ + 2HCl -BeCl ₂ + 2H ₂ O.

2. Yiba (OH) ₂ + 2KOH - K ₂ [Be (OH) _4] - potassium tetragidroksoberillat.

Esimweni sokuqala, ukusabela neutralization senzeka, umphumela okuyinto kumiswa usawoti namanzi. Esimeni sesibili, umkhiqizo yokusabela ekhuthaza eziyinkimbinkimbi. Neutralization yokusabela ejwayelekile wonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, hydroxides, kodwa ukusebenzisana isici esifanayo kuphela amphoteric. izakhiwo ezinjalo-dual iyabonakala nezinye kwakwakhe amphoteric - metal oxides kwabona babehlupheka, baletha akhiwa.

Ezinye izimpahla amakhemikhali hydroxides abanjalo bangabaphostoli nobuntu zonke izisekelo:

1. Thermal esibolile, imikhiqizo ukuphendula - oxide elihambisana namanzi: Yiba (OH) ₂ -VeO + H ₂ O.

2. neutralization ukuphendula nge acid.

3. Ukusabela nge oxides ene-asidi.

Kuyadingeka ukukhumbula ukuthi zikhona izinto musa uxhumana hydroxides amphoteric, isb yokusabela chemical ingahambi, kuba:

1. non-izinsimbi;
2. izinsimbi;
3. isizinda zingaxazululeki;
4. hydroxides Amphoteric.
5. usawoti ovamile.

Lezi zinto zehlela etholakala ngokuzikhandla ayeke ukunisa esihambelanayo alikhali usawoti izixazululo:

BeCl ₂ 2KOH + - Be (OH) ₂ + 2KCl.

Zikasawoti izakhi ezithile ngesikhathi yokusabela ukwakha hydrate, property okuyinto eduze ilandela ukuthi yemvelo ombaxambili hydroxides. Ngokwabo ne izakhiwo ezimbili base ingxenye namaminerali ifomu bese okuyinto zenzeka ngokwemvelo (bauxite, goethite, njll).

Ngakho, hydroxides amphoteric - a ikhemikhali amaminerali, okuyinto kuncike ubunjalo ikhemikhali ingena kubo ekusabeleni ingaba njengesihluthulelo elisekela noma acid. Ngokuvamile bathi luhambisane oxides amphoteric equkethe metal esihambisanayo (ZnO-Zn (OH) _2; BeO - Be (OH) _2), njll).