I-Arduino yabaqalayo: imiyalo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Ukuhlela kanye namaphrojekthi we-Arduino: kuphi ukuqala?

I-Arduino ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabo bonke abathandi bokuklama. Kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza nalabo abangakaze bazizwe ngaye.

Kuyini i-Arduino?

Ungasifaka kancani kanjani i-Arduino? Amagama afanelekayo: umklami we-electronic. I-Arduino iyithuluzi ongayenza amadivaysi ahlukahlukene e-elektroniki. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyi-hardware yangempela ye-computing platform yenhloso yonke. Kungasetshenziswa kokubili ukwakha izinhlelo ezilula, nokusebenzisa amaphrojekthi amaningi kunzima.

Umklami usekelwe kwi-hardware yayo, ebhokisini lokufaka-okuphumayo. Ukuze uhlele ibhodi, izilimi ezisekelwe ku-C / C ++ ziyasetshenziswa. Bawutholile igama, ngokulandelana, Ukucubungula / Ukucubungula. Ukusuka eqenjini C, bazuze ifa elilula kakhulu, ukuze bakwazi ukuqondisisa ngokushesha nganoma yimuphi umuntu, futhi ukusebenzisa ulwazi ngokusebenza akuyona inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukwenza ukwazi ukukhululeka komsebenzi, kuvame ukushiwo ukuthi i-Arduino yilabo abaqambi be-wizard. Ukubhekana namakhadi "i-Arduino" ingaba nezingane.

Yini engahlanganiswa kuyo?

Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Arduino luhluke kakhulu, lungasetshenziswa, ngokuqondene nezibonelo ezilula, okuzobe kunconywa ekugcineni kwalesi sihloko, futhi kube nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuhlanganise nabasebenzi, ama-robot noma imishini yokukhiqiza. Abanye abadwebi baphatha ngesisekelo sezinhlelo ezinjalo ukwenza amaphilisi, amakholifoni, izinhlelo zokuqapha kanye nokuvikeleka ezindlini, izinhlelo zekhaya ezihlakaniphile noma amakhompiyutha nje. Imiklamo ye-Arduino yabaqalayo, okungenzeka ngisho nabaqalayo bangakwazi ukubhekana nokuqala ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho, ekupheleni kwalesi sihloko. Zingahle zisetshenziselwe ukwakha izinhlelo zangempela zemvelo zangempela. Sonke sibonga okuqukethwe kwe-hardware ye-universe yonke namakhono okuhlinzekwa kwe-Arduino.

Kuphi ukuthenga izingxenye?

Izingxenye ezikhiqizwa e-Italy zibhekwa njengezinguqobo. Kodwa inani lalezi zinqola aliphansi. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani eziningana, noma ngisho nabantu abathile, zisebenzisa imisebenzi yezandla ukwenza amadivayisi ahambisanayo ne-Arduino, okubizwa ngokuthi ama-clones ezimboni. Uma uthenga amakholi anjalo akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi bazosebenza, kodwa isifiso sokulondoloza izindleko kuthatha inani labo.

Izingxenye zingathengwa noma njengengxenye yethikithi, noma ngokwehlukana. Kukhona ngisho amasethi okulungiselelwe ukuqoqa izimoto, izindiza zezindiza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokulawula noma imikhumbi. Isethi, njengesithombeni esingenhla, esakhiwe eChina, izobiza u-$ 49.

Okuningi mayelana nemishini

Ibhodi le-Arduino i-AVR microcontroller elula ekhanyisiwe nge-bootloader futhi inenani eliphansi elincane le-USB-UART. Kukhona izingxenye ezibalulekile, kodwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele ye-athikili kuyoba ngcono ukugxila kuphela kulezi zici ezimbili.

Okokuqala mayelana ne-microcontroller, indlela, eyakhelwe kuhlelo olulodwa, lapho uhlelo lukhona khona. Lolu hlelo lungathonywa ngokucindezela izinkinobho, ukuthola izibonakaliso ezivela ezingxenyeni zendalo (izimpikiswano, izingcingo, izinzwa, njll) njll. Futhi izinzwa zingase zihluke kakhulu ekuhlosweni kwazo: ukukhanyisa, ukusheshisa, izinga lokushisa, ibanga, ukucindezelwa, izithiyo Futhi njalonjalo. Njengamadivaysi wokubonisa, izingxenye ezilula zingasetshenziswa, kusukela kuma-LED kanye nama-bitches kuya kumadivaysi anzima, njengezibonisi zemifanekiso. Njengoba ama-actuator acabangela amamori, ama-valve, adlulisela, ama-servos, ama-electromagnets nabanye abaningi, abhale kakhulu kakhulu. Ngolunye lwalezi zincwadi, i-MC isebenza ngokuqondile, ngosizo lokuxhuma izintambo. Ngezinye izindlela, amadivaysi okugcina adingekayo. Kodwa uma uqala ngempela ukuklama, kuyoba nzima ukuphuma. Manje ake sixoxe mayelana nohlelo lwe-Arduino.

Okuningi mayelana nenqubo yokuhlela ibhodi

Uhlelo olulungele ukusetshenziswa kum microcontroller lubizwa ngokuthi i-firmware. Kungase kube khona iphrojekthi eyodwa noma amaphrojekthi we-Arduino, ngakho-ke i-firmware ngayinye kufanele igcinwe kufolda ehlukile ukuze ijubane inqubo yokuthola amafayela afanele. Itholwa kwi-crystal ye-MC ngosizo lwamadivayisi akhethekile: abahleli. Futhi lapha "i-Arduino" inenzuzo eyodwa - ayidingi uhlelo lokusebenza. Konke kwenziwa ukuze uhlelo lwe-Arduino lwabaqalayo lube nzima. Ikhodi ebhaliwe ingalandwa ku-MK ngekhebula le-USB. Lokhu kunenzuzo akutholakele ngenye isimiso esakhiwe ngaphakathi, kodwa nge-firmware ekhethekile - i-bootloader. I-bootloader uhlelo olukhethekile oluqala ngemva kokuxhumeka futhi lulalele ukuthi kuzoba yini imiyalo, kungakhathaliseki ukukhanyisa i-crystal, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona amaphrojekthi we-Arduino noma cha. Kusukela ekusebenziseni i-bootloader kufika izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezikhangayo kakhulu:

1. Sebenzisa isiteshi esisodwa sokuxhumana, esingadingi izindleko ezengeziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, amaphrojekthi we-Arduino awadingi ukuthi uxhume izintambo eziningi ezahlukene, futhi kube nokudideka lapho usebenzisa. Ukuze usebenze ngempumelelo, ikhebula elilodwa le-USB lanele.
2. Ukuvikelwa kusuka emigcekeni yezandla. Ukuletha i-microcontroller esimweni sesitini ngosizo lwe-firmware eqondile kulula, akudingekile ukuba kunzima kakhulu. Uma usebenza ne-bootloader, awukwazi ukufinyelela kuzilungiselelo ezingase zibe yingozi (ngosizo lwenqubo yokuthuthukiswa, yebo, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukuphula yonke into). Ngakho-ke i-Arduino yabaqalayo ayiklanyelwe kuphela ekuboneni okuzwakalayo futhi elula, kuyophinde ivumele ukugwema izindleko ezingathandeki eziphathelene nokungazi komuntu osebenza nabo.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Uma uthola i-kit, i-soldering iron, i-rosin ne-solder, akufanele uphinde udwebe ngokushesha izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Yiqiniso, bangaphuphuthekiswa, kepha ithuba lokuphumelela ku-Arduino labaqalayo liphansi kakhulu kumaphrojekthi amaningi. Ukuze uqeqeshe futhi "ukugxila" izandla zakho, ungazama ukusebenzisa imiqondo embalwa elula eyokusiza ukuthi uqonde ukusebenzisana nomsebenzi we-Arduino. Njengamanyathelo okuqala ekusebenzeni ne-Arduino yabaqalayo, ungacebisa ukucabangela:

1. Dala i- LED ekhanyayo ezosebenza ngenxa ye-Arduino.
2. Ukuxhuma inkinobho ehlukile ku-"Arduino". Kungenziwa ukuze inkinobho ikwazi ukulungisa ukukhanya kwe-LED kusuka ekhoneni # 1.
3. Ukuxhumeka kwe-Potentiometer.
4. I-Servo drive yokulawula.
5. Ukuxhuma nokusebenza nge-LED embala ombala.
6. Ixhuma isici se-piezoelectric.
7. Ixhuma i-photoresistor.
8. Ukuxhumeka kwenzwa yomsindo nezimpawu mayelana nokusebenza kwayo.
9. Xhuma umswakama noma izinga lokushisa.

Imisebenzi yekusasa

Akunandaba ukuthi unesithakazelo ku-"Arduino" ukuze uxhume ama-LED athile. Cishe, ukhangwa ithuba lokudala imoto yakho, isikebhe esilawulwa ngomsakazo noma i-turntable endizayo. Imiklamo enjalo iyinkimbinkimbi ekusebenziseni kwayo, izodinga isikhathi esiningi nokubekezela, kodwa, uma uzigcwalisile, uzothola okufunayo: isipiliyoni esibalulekile sokuklama nge-Arduino yabaqalayo.