Okuguquguqukayo ekuhlelweni kubhekwe ngokuphelele?

Ekuhlelweni, umsebenzi ochazwe kahle akusho njalo ukuxazulula. Kodwa noma iyiphi incazelo yenkinga ihlale isondeza isisombululo sayo. Ukuhlelwa kwe-algorithmization kanye nokuhlela eminyakeni yamuva sekuvele kufinyeleleka kakhulu kubhekwa njengamazwibela.

Abahleli baqhubeka bebizwa ngokuthi abathuthukisi. Umphumela wezinhlelo njalo kuncazelo (eziguquguqukayo + i-algorithm) yesisombululo senkinga.

Ulimi luni nokuthi lwenziwa kanjani - akunandaba.

Indaba ethinta kancane

Ukuhlelwa kwe-algorithmization kanye nokuhlelwa kokuqala kwahamba ngesandla, kepha izindlela zabo zahlukana. Kuleli phuzu, okuningi okumele ukukhumbule akufanelekile - lokhu kukukhathazeka kokuqala. Mayelana neziguquguquko kanye nemigomo ye-algorithms njalo kudingeka ube nombono ocacile - lokhu kusebenza okwesibili.

Inzuzo yezinhlelo zanamuhla ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yendlela enamehlo lapho ulwazi luqondwa khona, incazelo yedatha kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlela ukusebenza kwezinhlelo.

Izilimi zokuqala zazilula njengama-punch amakhadi, kodwa asebenza. Izinhlobonhlobo, izinhlobo zeziguquko, isimemezelo sezinguquko kanye nokuhlelwa kwencazelo kwakulawulwa kakhulu.

Njengomthetho, iziguquguquko zahlukaniswa zibe zishintsha (lezo ezingashintshwa) kanye nezimo eziqinile (ezingaguquki, azikwazi ukuguqulwa).

Okokuqala kwakuguquguquka kohlobo lwe-pointer (kungukufaneleka kolimi oluhle nolunaphakade "-" Assembler "). Akuzona zonke izilimi ezigcinwe ngezikhathi ezihlukene, kodwa okwamanje ukuhlela ukusetshenziswa kwezinkulumo kuyinhloko yokuphelela kwekhodi.

Imithetho eyisisekelo: ukuthi konke kwaqala kanjani

Okuguquguqukayo kufanele kuchazwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kokuqala, futhi kaningi kakhulu ekuqaleni kwaleso hlelo, futhi kaningi nakakhulu esigabeni esithile sohlelo. Okuguquguqukayo kufanele kubhalwe ngesiLatini, noma ngaphandle kwezinombolo. Ezinye izilimi zavumela uphawu "_". Okokuqala kufanele kube uphawu.

Okuguquguqukayo kwakukhona isici: kufanele ngabe sazi ukuthi kuthathwe kangakanani i-byte ukukhumbula nokuthi ungayilungisa kanjani emngceleni wegama, noma ngisho negama eliphindwe kabili.

Lokhu kwakubaluleke kakhulu kwizinhlelo zemathematika. Izimpawu zenhlangano yememori yokusebenza kanye nomsebenzi womqhubi wezinhlelo zibophe umqambi nje kuphela ukuba achaze ngokufanele futhi ngesikhathi esifanele ukuguquguquka, kodwa futhi ucabange ukuthi uzofinyelela kanjani kwimemori yokusebenza.

Qaphela. I "core" ye-RAM ayifinyeleleki ohlelweni lwamanje eziningi zamacala. Ngaphambilini, inhlangano yememori kwakucatshangelwe ngokucophelela.

Izakhiwo zokuqala zedatha - amaqoqo ezinhlobonhlobo - asebenza njengeziguquguquki nge-semantics ethile, kepha ukuzithola akudingeki nje kuphela ukuthi wazi ukuthi zingaki ama-byte ezithathayo, kodwa futhi kufanele zicabange ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zedatha umqoqo uhambelana ngokuzenzakalelayo egameni lomngcele.

Konke lokhu kwaholela emaphutha amakhulu kulezi zinhlelo. Ekukhunjweni kwalezi zikhathi ezinzima, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi izilimi zokuqala, nazo zonke izikhathi zokugcina nokuzikhandla kwazo, zinikeze iziguquko, izinhlobo, izakhiwo zedatha ekuhlelweni nasekuthuthukisweni ngokulawula okuphephile okusetshenzisiwe.

Uma lolu hlelo ludlulisa ukulawulwa kwe-syntactic futhi luxhunyaniswe ngempumelelo, izinkinga zokukhipha zaqala kuphela ngephutha elihle lokuhlela noma ukuhluleka kwe-hardware.

Isikhathi sethu, izinhlelo ze-intanethi

Ezinye izilimi zokuhlela ziye zazinikela ekuchazeni okunzima kweziguquko. Iningi livumela incazelo, kodwa likuvumela ukuba ushintshe uhlobo loguquguqukayo njengendlela elula kumklomelo.

I-PHP: lapha okuguquguqukayo ekuhlelweni kubonakala ngokugcwele igama, inani, kodwa uhlobo lusekelwe endaweni ekhodi nesikhathi lapho kudingeke khona. Abanye abantu abathandi ukubiza iziguquguquko nge-"$", kepha ungaba namagama anjalo: $ 1, $ 2, $ 3.

Amaningi wamanani angaphezu kwemingcele edingekayo, futhi kukhona izinhlobo eziningi ezingenzeka. Ngokweningi lemisebenzi, kunemigqa eyanele, izinombolo, ngezinye izikhathi zangempela futhi zengqondo. Ayikho i-pointer njengaleyo, kodwa kukhona ithuba lokudlulisa isibonakaliso endaweni yokuguquguquka.

I-JavaScript: Okuguquguqukayo ekuhlelweni kubonakala ngokuphelele ukuthi kumele kuchazwe, nakuba kwezinye izilimi ulimi luzothethelela ukungabi nencazelo, amathuba okuthola ikhodi evumelekile izoba encane. I-JavaScript nje ngeke isebenze ngento engafanele ku-syntax yayo noma ayikwazanga ukuyenza.

Amathrekhi wezindinganiso nawo aphezulu, kepha okuthandwa kakhulu yizintambo ezihlukahlukene.

Ukuhlela ngezilimi ezihlobene ne-inthanethi ngokungaqondile, yi-C #, C ++, Pascal, Delphi - eqinile. Ku-C #, akudingeki ukuthi uchaze kuphela, kodwa futhi uqalise.

Yiziphi iziguquko

Okokuqala, igama layo, lapho izilimi ezihlukahlukene zenza khona izidingo eziqinile. Uma ku-PHP isibonakaliso se-$ kuqala kuqala igama eliguquguqukayo, bese ku-Java lokhu kungaphezu komkhawulo womhlangano. Ngokuvamile, ngokubiza amagama okuguquguquka, ngaphezu kwemibono ye-syntax yolimi, kunemiqondo eminingi yabathuthukisi.

Ukuqala ukubhala ngolimi oluthile, umuntu kufanele alalele imibono yabalingani bakhe futhi abone imibhalo yakamuva yombono ngesitayela solimi.

Isici sesibili se-variable siyigugu. Kuhlala njalo lapho. Ngisho noma kungenanzuzo, lokhu kuyigugu. Isici sesici: isibonelo, i-PHP, imisebenzi eminingi ekhishwa ngenombolo njengomphumela ingabangela umphumela we-boolean - akuyini umphumela?

Uhlobo alubalulekile, ukutholakala kubalulekile, futhi izakhi eziningi zeJavaScript ze-Javascript zaneliseka ngokuba khona kwenani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luhlobo luni.

Into yokugcina ebaluleke kakhulu, empeleni, ukubaluleka kokuguquguqukayo.

Izinhlobo eziyisisekelo yedatha

Ngokuvamile, umhlaba wencazelo, izwe lezinguquko, naphezu kwezilimi nezitayela ekuqanjweni kwegama, akuzange kwenziwe okuningi mayelana nezinhlobo eziyisisekelo.

Ngokuvamile, abahleli basebenzisa izintambo (izintambo), ngokuvamile abaphelele (int, integer), uma kunesidingo, izinamba zangempela (kabili, zangempela), abanye basalokhu banombono womlingisi (char).

Mayelana ne-database (kusuka ezincane kuya ezinkulu) awukwazi ngisho nokutshela, kukhona inani lezinhlobo eziyinhloko ezihlinzekwa ngazo zonke izikhathi, futhi izinhlobo eziningi zedatha zizuzwe njengezikhathi ezivela e-Ada naseBabbage.

Njengamanje, ukuhlukahluka okuhle kakhulu ekuhlelweni kubonakala ngokuzikhomba ngokwakho, ucabanga ukuthi incazelo yalo, uhlobo futhi ngokuvamile okuzocaca uma kudingekile.

Izinhlobonhlobo kanye ne-Algorithms

Ukuguquguquka kwedwa kuhlelo kukhonjiswe ngokuphelele ngesifiso sokuba nenkampani yayo. Lesi yisenzakalo esingokomlando, futhi okuncane kuncike ekuthandweni komthuthukisi.

Uma kudalwa uhlelo luqala ngesabelo somsebenzi, ikakhulukazi uma ochwepheshe behlanganyela ekuthuthukisweni, okusho ukuthi igama lokuqala linencazelo ejulile esihlokweni esithi "ukulungiswa kwemvelo nokuhlela" kunesibili, khona-ke kuyoba nenani elikhulu leziguquko. Ngokuvamile, le ndlela ikhiphe esiteji sokuchaza iziguquko.

Uma kudalwa uhlelo luqala ngokuhlaziywa komsebenzi walo oyinhloko, futhi yingxenye esemqoka yomsebenzi othathwa njengesizathu, khona-ke amathuba okuthola umphumela wokusebenza anele.

Ukuchaza iphuzu eliyinhloko futhi udale i-algorithm ekhonzayo akuyona nje into eguquguqukayo ekuhlelweni, uhlobo, igama, incazelo nendawo yokuchaza, kodwa ekuqaleni kwenqubo. Inqubo yokuchaza iziguquguquko kanye ne-algorithm esebenza nabo kubalulekile.

Ukunyakaza okubalulekile:

• Indlela yokuqala eya emgomweni;
• Umphumela, ukuhlaziywa kanye nokwaziswa kwencazelo;
• Indlela yesibili emgomweni.

Ngokuvamile, emva kokudalwa kwencazelo yesibili yesithathu kuvela ukuqonda ukuthi uzoqala kuphi. Futhi umsebenzi waqala ukusebenza.

Incazelo echazayo yeziguquko

Akukwanele ukuqala uhlelo ngeziguquko eziyinhloko: hhayi amagama, izinhlobo namagugu adlala indima enkulu. Ukuhluka okukodwa, isakhiwo sedatha, i-array, kanye nento into nje isisombululo sesibalo senkinga.

Isihlahla sezinto ezichaza umsebenzi, okungukuthi, iziguquko kanye nezimo ezivumelanisiwe ezifakwe ikhodi eyodwa - into, nazo zonke izinto zibe into ejwayelekile - uhlelo lwezinto - lokhu kunjalo. Lokhu kuyindalo yangempela neyanamuhla yezinguquko.

Izinguquko ezinjalo zingakwazi ukuxhumana nohlobo lwazo, futhi ngenxa yefa, ngayinye yazo ingahamba eduze kwegatsha layo le-pedigree, okungukuthi, isichazamazwi kulokho nokuthi lusetshenziselwa khona manje, nokuthi lusebenza kanjani, futhi okuqukethwe kwalo ngokwalo akusilo. Kulesi simo, okuqukethwe kudlala indima, uma kwenzeka, isisindo sihamba kokuqukethwe okulandelayo.