I esiyingozi kwegciwane?

Amagciwane angabasizi nezilwanyana ezincane unicellular kokuba awanayo i-nucleus. Ukwakheka kwazo ngokwama-silula kakhulu ukwedlula isakhiwo amaseli zezitshalo nezilwane. Ingabe ukuhlangabezana cishe kuyo yonke indawo - emoyeni, inhlabathi, amanzi, ngisho ohlelweni lwethu wokugaya ukudla. I-bacterium lingama ingozi kubantu, kodwa ezinye zazo kungabangela izifo, kuhlanganise kuyingozi kakhulu. Ama-bacterium nezinye izinto ezibanga izifo abizwa ngokuthi Amagciwane. Kuyini isifo esibangelwe igciwane futhi iyingozi kangakanani indoda?

Noma yimuphi igciwane ngaye, konke lokho angase wathi, ngokwalo ayikwazi kubangele umonakalo emzimbeni womuntu. Kungani-ke Bekulokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi kwegciwane kubangelwa amagciwane? Phela, lokhu akulona iqiniso.

Wonke ama-bacterium, naphezu lingakanani encane kakhulu, namanje eziphilayo, ehola evamile, e-hlobo, ukuphila nomsebenzi. Ngokwemvelo, ngenxa yokuphila yalo emfushane nje impela, akha ezinye uhlobo imfucumfucu. Lezi imikhiqizo amagciwane adala izifo e zabo isakhiwo sazo sekhemikhali zinobuthi. Kuyinto lezi ubuthi, hhayi amagciwane ezibangela isifo esibangelwe igciwane. Ziyakwazi ngokuthi ubuthi. amagciwane ngamunye acace yabo. Noma yimuphi ushevu kuthinta umzimba womuntu ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kuyinto kusukela kule kuncike izimpawu ethile yesifo ngamunye.

Isifo esibangelwa amagciwane kubangelwa ubuthi ukuthi zenzeka ngesikhathi kushona amagciwane. Basuke etholakala ngaphakathi kweseli webhaktheriya, nokukhetha iqala ngemva kwalesi ukufa cell. Ukubhujiswa amagciwane umzimba womuntu owenziwe kahle njalo: ukuphila kwabo esifushane kakhulu, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esilwa kubo, bewa phakathi ukwelashwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane.

Kwakheka ku kokufa ubuthi webhaktheriya ngokuthi endotoxins. Nokho, kukhona ama-bacterium ezingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ubuthi, kodwa ungafi. Zibizwa ngokuthi exotoxins futhi manje - lena iyingozi kakhulu ezibangela izifo ezibucayi ezifana umbendeni, idiphtheria, botulism, ngqi, igesi esibhibhayo.

Kwezinye izimo, bacterium athile ayakwazi ukuthuthukisa kanyekanye futhi endo- futhi exotoxins. Ukwelashwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane uhlelo ezimbili more xaka futhi kudinga indlela ekhethekile. Lokhu izifo ezingemnandi ezifana nekholera, pertussis, embodiments ethize uhudo. kwegciwane izingane - ngenxa ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi. Bona ezibangela izifo ezifana sobuntwana ukukhwehlela whooping, scarlet fever, idiphtheria.

Ukwelashwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane elula ngokwanele, ngoba manje ngosizo amaphilisi anamuhla isibe kungenzeka ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo iningi izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Imithi elwa namagciwane are of nhlobonhlobo ezimbili. Uhlobo lokuqala - kuyinto ndaba organic ngesisekelo nezilwanyana ezincane uyakwazi ukubulala amagciwane. Sinenkosi nomphumela bacteriostatic, zihlanganisa ezihlukahlukene tetracycline, chloramphenicol. Uhlobo lwesibili - kuyinto extractable kusukela isitshalo namaseli isilwane ejenti elwa namagciwane. Asetshenziswa amaphilisi futhi umjovo, futhi kunomphumela amagciwane. Lezi zihlanganisa i-penicillin, rifampicin, aminoglycosides.

Kodwa imithi elwa namagciwane singakusizi kuzo zonke izimo. ukutheleleka Exotoxic - lawa ukutheleleka, engibukhulumile ngaso imithi elwa namagciwane abanamandla. Ezimweni ezinjalo, sebenzisa izindlela ukuthi iwukudambisa ubuthi - ethize serum antitoxic. Kodwa kusukela serum abangezanga ukusebenzisa, ukugcizelela main ivuliwe zokuvimbela. Kuyinto, okokuqala imigomo okwenziwa izingane kwembula esemncane, ezifana ngqi futhi idiphtheria. imigomo Various abadala. Ingqikithi yokugoma wukuthi kuba empeleni ubuthi enganamandla kakhulu. Busuka umzimba, zikhiqiza antitoxin, isite izivikeli mzimba.