Isakhiwo seseli lezinto eziphilayo

Kungashiwo ukuthi iziphilayo eziphilayo ziyinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi eyenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene edingekayo ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwempilo. Ziqukethe amaseli. Ngakho-ke, zihlukaniswe zibe multicellular and unicellular. Kuyinto iseli edala isisekelo kwanoma iyiphi inyama, kungakhathaliseki isakhiwo sayo.

Izinto eziphilayo ze-Unicellular zinehlobo olulodwa lwamaseli. Ezinhlobonhlobo zokuphila ezihlukahlukene, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli zimelelwe , ezihlukile ekubalukeni kokusebenza kwazo. Iseli lifundwa yi-cytology, efaka isayensi ye-biology.

Ukwakhiwa kweseli kuyafana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli. Ziyahlukahluka emsebenzini, ubukhulu nokuma. Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali nakho okujwayelekile kuwo wonke amaseli eziphilayo eziphilayo. Iseli liqukethe ama-molecule asemqoka: i-RNA, amaprotheni, i-DNA nezakhi ze-polysaccharides ne-lipids. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-80 eselile aqukethe amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwawo kuhlanganisa ushukela, ama-nucleotide, ama-amino acids kanye neminye imikhiqizo yezinqubo ezenzeka esitokisini.

Ukwakhiwa kweseli lesilwane esiphilayo kuqukethe izingxenye eziningi. Ingqimba yeseli yimbumba. Ivumela iseli ukungena kuphela izinto ezithile. Phakathi kweli cell kanye nekhanda yilomuthi we-liquid intercellular. Yimbumbulu ephikisana nezinqubo ze-metabolic ezenzeka phakathi kweseli kanye ne-intercellular fluid.

Ingxenye eyinhloko yeseli yi-cytoplasm. Lesi sici sinamahloni, okungahambisani nomoya. Iqukethe ama-organoids, enza imisebenzi eminingi. Lezi zihlanganisa izinto ezilandelayo: isikhungo samangqamuzana, i-lysosomes, i-nucleus, i-mitochondria, i-reticulum endoplasmic, i-ribosomes ne-Golgi complex.

Yonke i-cytoplasm inezinqwaba zamathambo namagundane, okumelela i-endoplasmic reticulum. Uhlelo lonke luhlanganisa, luhlanganisa futhi lukhuthaze izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezakhiwa yiloli cell. I-reticulum yokugcina i-endoplasmic ihlanganyela futhi kumaprotheni synthesis.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ribosomes, equkethe i-RNA namaprotheni, ihileleka kuphrotheni synthesis. Isakhiwo seGolgi sithonya ukubunjwa kwama-lysosomes futhi siqoqa izinto eziphilayo. Lezi yizigcawu ezikhethekile ezinamabhule ekugcineni.

Isikhungo samaseli sinemibhobho emibili ehilelekile ekuhlukaneni kweseli. Isikhungo samaseli sitholakala ngokuqondile eduze kwe-nucleus.

Ngakho kancane kancane sesisondelene nengxenyana eyinhloko esakhiweni seseli - i-nucleus. Lona yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yeseli. Iqukethe i-nucleolus, amaprotheni, amafutha, i- nucleic acid, ama-carbohydrate nama-chromosomes. Yonke inhloko igcwele ijusi lenuzi. Yonke imininingwane ngokuzalwa kwe-heredity iqukethe ama- chromosomes. Isakhiwo somzimba womzimba womuntu sinikeza ukutholakala kwama-chromosomes angu-46. Amaseli ocansi ahlanganisa ama-chromosomes angu-23.

Isakhiwo samaseli sihlanganisa kanye nama-lysosomes. Bahlanza iseli lama-particle ezifile.
Amaseli, ngaphezu kwezingxenye eziyinhloko, aqukethe izinhlanganisela eziphilayo nezimilayo. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, iseli liqukethe amaphesenti angu-80 amanzi. Enye isakhi esingahlelekile esihlanganiswe ekubunjweni kwayo yiwosawoti. Amanzi adlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yeseli. Yiyona eyinhloko iqhaza ekusebenzeni kwamakhemikhali, njengento yokuthwala izinto nokususwa kwamakhemikhali anobungozi avela esitokisini. Amasila anesandla ekusabalazweni okufanele kwamanzi ngesakhiwo seseli.

Phakathi kwama-organic compounds kukhona: i-hydrogen, i-oksijeni, isulfure, insimbi, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-nitrogen, i-iodine, i-phosphorus. Zibalulekile ekuguqulweni zibe yinkimbinkimbi yezinto eziphilayo.

I-cell iyisici esiyinhloko sanoma iyiphi into ephilayo. Isakhiwo sawo siyinkimbinkimbi, lapho kungafanele kube khona ukuhluleka. Uma kungenjalo, kuzoholela ezinkambisweni ezingashintshi.