Uqweqwe eMhlabeni: isakhiwo nezinhlobo

Ngisho nanamuhla, lapho yasungulwa imishini eminingi lobuchwepheshe, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, zisekhona imihlaba ezingafinyeleleki futhi engaqondakali. Omunye wabo kukhona yembathani umhlaba. kahle Ezijulile emhlabeni yamba ku yonke iNhlonhlo Kola, sifinyelela 12 km, okuyinto 1/500 of the engaba planethi yethu okuwukuphela kwayo ukujula. Konke ososayensi ukwazi emathunjini omhlaba, bayofunda ngokutadisha indlela zokuzamazama komhlaba. Iyehla iyenyuka zenzeka ngesikhathi Shake ngaphakathi iplanethi, okuyinto chithi ngamazinga angefani. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ijubane esiphelweni incike kwabantu kanye nokusungulwa kwezinto. Kususelwa ijubane idatha, ochwepheshe kakade ahumushe ulwazi ukuthi idlule ungqimba oscillation.

Kwakuthinta ngaleyo ndlela wathola ukuthi iplanethi imbozwe amagobolondo eziningana. Kuyinto eMhlabeni uqweqwe, isiphuku, bese elandelayo - ikhenela.

Kugcine - obukhulu kakhulu futhi ezisindayo. Kukholakala ukuthi umnyombo siqukethe yensimbi.

Isiphuku nolwelwesi ezintathu has umthamo omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi isisindo. Siqukethe okuqinile, kodwa lokhu akulona obukhulu njengoba e ekujuleni kwenhliziyo.

Futhi ekugcineni, ungqimba lomhlaba. Lokhu udonga lwangaphandle iplanethi kuba ohlabayo okuningi kuka odlule. Isisindo sayo ingeqi ngisho 1% isisindo yonke le mbulunga. Uma uyikha phezulu le lwesintu izimpilo, it is akhishwa namaminerali. Ezindaweni eziningi, lo kuqweqwe lwangena by imithombo nezimayini. Ukuba khona kwabo bavunyelwe ukuba babuthe amasampula idwala, okwasiza ukuchaza isakhiwo igobolondo le planethi.

A uqweqwe liqukethe idwala, okuyinto yena, akhiwa namaminerali. Bayaqhubeka ngisho manje ukwakha zonke zamatshe igobolondo, ngisho ubuso bayo. Ngokusho izimo lapho amadwala kwamiswa, bahlukene zibe:

1. Metamorphic. Basuke kwakhiwa ekujuleni phansi ngenxa Ukushisa ngokweqile futhi ukugxisha zenye ukuguqulwa zabo zibe yezinye izinhlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-zemabula siguqule limestone abavamile.

2. sedimentary. Basuke ezakhiwe olwenzeka kancane kancane emhlabathini amaminerali ahlukahlukene. Njengoba lokhu nqubo ihamba kancane, sedimentary rocks ngokuvamile aqukethe izingqimba eziningana.

3. Igneous. mafomu okokusebenza isiphuku, wakhulela izingqimba overlying futhi simisiwe khona. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke lezi rocks - egwadle. Magma kungase ngefomu oncibilikisiwe futhi avuke kwamanzi. Khona-ke ukugqama Umhwamuko uhamba kanye amagesi, sikhule size sibe udaka olushisayo. Izlivshis, iqina kweso. Ngakho, ngenxa ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kwakhiwa igneous amatshe. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, i-basalt.

ungqimba lomhlaba ngaphansi izilwandle futhi amazwekazi ngokufanako. Umahluko omkhulu ukubunjwa Icwele futhi ukujiya. Kulesi sisekelo, eceleni cabangela lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ungqimba lomhlaba:

- yezwekazi;

- ulwandle.

Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi ezwekazini uhlobo eyavela kamuva kakhulu ngaphansi kwethonya izinqubo zokuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeka e ingaphakathi kule planethi. I ukujiya ubuncane ezwekazini (noma ezwekazini) uqweqwe - 35 km, nangaphansi ezintabeni nezinye awalethe kukuwe 75 km. Ifomu Icwele ezintathu. Upper - ke rocks sedimentary. Uhlonze lwalo - kusuka 10 km kuya ku-15 km. Bese kufika 5-15 ikhilomitha ungqimba egwadle. Futhi zokugcina - basalt. Uhlonze lwalo - 10-35 km. Siqukethe ikakhulu basalt, kanye kusukela imishini yokusaha izingodo, eduze ke kuzakhiwo ngokomzimba.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali uqweqwe eMhlabeni kungaba azimisele kuphela ungqimba layo elingenhla, ukujula zazo ingeqi 20 km. Cishe isigamu it is elalihlala oksijini, 26% - Silicon, cishe 8% - aluminium, 4.2% - yensimbi, 3.2% - calcium kuma-2.3% - magnesium potassium ne-2.2% - sodium. Ngakolunye izakhi zamakhemikhali akuyona ngaphezulu kwengxenye eyodwa eshumini 1%.

Manje, ososayensi baqala umkhankaso Ukuhlolisisa koqweqwe wasolwandle kanye nasemazweni. Bakhandwa yayisekelwe phezu hypothesis ukuthuthela amazwekazi, umkhankaso engaphezu kweyikhulu edlule, u-Alfred Wegener, futhi kwakhiwa kakhulu inkolelo yakhe yokuziphendukela isakhiwo udonga lwangaphandle emhlabeni.