"I-Lay Igor's Host": uhlelo, isifinyeto esifushane, abalingiswa abakhulu

Omunye wemisebenzi edume kakhulu yezincwadi zakudala zaseRussia "I Lay of Igor's Host", uhlelo nokuqukethwe esizoxoxa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

Isakhiwo sezindaba zobuqhawe

Umsebenzi "I-Lay of Igor's Campaign" ichaza isikhathi lapho u-Kievan Rus elahlekelwa khona amandla akhe futhi wagcwala ingxabano e-internecine. Ukuhlukaniswa kombuso kanye nomkhuhlane phakathi kwezikhulu (konke ngenxa yesihlalo sobukhosi esikhulu) kwahlanganiswa esinye isici - ukuhlasela kwabantu basePolovtsian ensimini yabo. Amademoni aphangwa futhi abulawe, athunjwa, lapho aphoqeleka ukuba asebenze kanzima iminyaka.

Ngemizamo evamile kuphela izikhulu zaseRussia zingase zivuselele abantu base-steppe. Futhi kwakukhona uhambo olungaphezu kweyodwa oluphumelelayo, olubuyisela abantu ekhaya, behluleka ejokeni. Kodwa-ke, isikhulu se-Novgorod-Severny sinquma ukuzimela ngokuzimela ukuze uthole udumo oluningi nokuphangwa. "I-Lay of Igor's Host", uhlelo oluzofakwa kamuva, litshela ngalesi senzakalo, esiphelile kakhulu. U-Igor uthathwe eboshiwe nendodana yakhe namakhanda, iqembu lakhe libulawa kakhulu empini, futhi ngubani owasinda - naye waba isigqila.

Imizamo yazo zonke izikhulu zaseRussia iya esihlengo esikhulu ukuze kukhululwe umhlobo. Kodwa-ke, u-Igor uyakwazi ukubalekela - hhayi ngaphandle kosizo lwe-Polovtsian Ovlur, owayengumama waseRussia. Kodwa-ke, imali eqoqwe yayanele ngokwanele ukuletha ekhaya zonke izikhulu zesikhulu, owahlanganyela emkhankasweni ongaphumelelanga.

"I-Lay Igor's Host": uhlelo

Umsebenti wehla kusukela ekujuleni kweminyaka kuphela kuma-retellings kanye namakhophi, inzima kakhulu futhi inemininingwane ehlukahlukene. Iqukethe izingxenye eziningana ezihlukene, okufana namapuzzles, okudala isithombe esisodwa - impilo nezinkinga zaseRussia ngekhulu leshumi nambili. Lezi yizi:

• Isingeniso , lapho umlobi ekhuluma ngomculi omkhulu wesikhathi esidala - iBoyana, mayelana namazwe aseRussia nabakhileyo, izikhulu kanye nemikhankaso yabo. Lapha ubhekise (noma ubuyekeze) amatheksthi abantu mayelana nezenzo zobuqhawe zamababusi, mayelana nezithixo zobuqaba.
• Umkhankaso ka-Igor. Le ngxenye ichaza umkhankaso ovelele kakhulu owaqala ngokushona kwelanga. Kodwa, naphezu kwesibonakaliso esibi, umkhankaso uqala, futhi kubonakala sengathi inhlanhla ihambisana nebutho. Bawina futhi bathathe eziningi zokudla. Yiqiniso, esikhundleni sokubuyela ekhaya ngokushesha, izigijimi zaseRussia zihlela idili. Batholwa amandla amakhulu asePolvvtsi futhi abulawe ngokungenangqondo, ethandekayo labo abangakwazi ukuthola isihlengo.
• Igama legolide leSvyatoslav. Le ngxenye isitshela ukuthi izindaba ezimbi maduze zifika eKiev. I-Grand Duke i- Svyatoslav iyadabukisa, hhayi nje into eyayikubona ngaphambili inhlekelele futhi yabona iphupho elibi. Kodwa lapha umbhali uchaza ukunqoba okukhulu kwe-Kiev isikhulu emkhankasweni wamanje olwa namaPolvvese (lapho ama-Novgorod-amaSyverian awazange abambe iqhaza). Ucela usizo kumzali oshonile.
• Ukukhalaza kuzikhulu. Akucaci ukuthi ngabe ucingo olunamandla oluvela emlonyeni weSkosana Svyatoslav luzwakala yini, noma ngabe umbhali ubonise umcabango wakhe. Kodwa ngokuqhubekayo "eZwini ..." inkulumo ezwakalayo, lapho umqondo wokuhlanganiswa unikezwa khona. Umbhali ukhuluma ngabo bonke ababusi abakhulu bezwe laseRussia, izikhulu ezinamandla kunazo zonke nezinzalo zabo. Ubacela ukuba bayeke ukuxabana bese bakhokhela ukunqoba kuka-Igor.
• IsiLilo sikaJaroslavna. Lena yingxenye ethandana kakhulu yomsebenzi, lapho umlingisi oyinhloko ungumfazi ka-Igor - Yaroslavna. "I-Lay of Igor's Host" imdonsa ngothando nomyeni wayo, izindaba zokunqoba nokuthunjwa kwakhe ibona njengengozi. Njalo ekuseni esangweni lomuzi intombazane ikhala, iphendukela emoyeni, ilanga nomfula iDnieper, bebabeka icala lokuhluleka. Uzimisele ukuhamba ngenyoni ukuphulukisa amanxeba emzimbeni womyeni wakhe.
• Ukuhamba kuka-Igor ekuthunjweni. Njengoba isikhulu siqonda ukuthi isihlengo esikhulu, esinikezwe ikhanda nenhloko yendodanakhe, sizokulimaza khulu isimo sezezimali seRussia, u-Igor uzama ukubalekela. Umbhali ubonakala egijima kanye naye, ekuvimbela injabulo yenhliziyo. Isikhulu asisizi nje kuphela abangane, kodwa nezinkanyezi. I-Polovtsy imxoshe ezithendeni zakhe, kodwa ababalekele baphumelela futhi bafike ezweni labo.

Abalingiswa abakhulu be-Epic yaseRussia

Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu izithombe ezinikezwe kulo msebenzi. "I-Lay Igor's Host" ikhuluma ngo-Prince Igor, umbusi waseNovgorod-Seversky, nomkakhe othembekile u-Yaroslavna. Lezi yizinhlamvu eziyinhloko. Prince - ekuqaleni umuntu ozidlayo nobudlova okwazi ukwenza izenzo zomzwelo, engacatshangwa kuze kube sekupheleni. Ekupheleni komsebenzi, ubonakala njengombusi ophendukile futhi ohlakaniphile oye waqonda iphutha lakhe futhi ulungele ukuwuhlawulela. Ukhulula bonke abaqhawe ekuthunjweni, obumnene nezinye izikhulu futhi uyathokoza ngosizo lwabo. U-Yaroslavna unothando futhi unothando, uyasindisa umyeni wakhe ngemizwa yakhe, uphonsa naye futhi ucele usizo kuyo yonke amandla emvelo.

I-Prince Svyatoslav ibonakala njengombusi ohlakaniphile ezweni laseRussia, unguyise ongokomfanekiso wazo zonke izikhulu nezikhulu. Akusizo ngalutho okuvela emlonyeni wakhe kuwumbuzo wobumbano kanye nokusizana komunye. UBoyan ungumuntu osolakala ukuthi ususiwe ezenzakalweni, kodwa uvuselela futhi asekele amakhono akhe, anikezwe avela phezulu. Futhi akukhathaleki ukuthi umculi usukile, inkumbulo yakhe ihlala enhliziyweni yabantu.

Izici zomsebenzi

"I-Lay of Igor's Host", uhlelo olunikezwa ngenhla, lunenani elikhethekile. Lokhu akuyona nje inkondlo yobuqhawe, ngokufanayo ne-Iliad ne-Odyssey ka-Homer. Lokhu kuyisiqhingi sangempela, esidalwe emasikweni amahle eNkathi Ephakathi. Uyaziwa ngolimi olukhethekile, izinkulumo ezigcwele ngokuziqhenya ekunqobeni kwangaphambili. Kodwa kukhona usizi emkhatsini wemigqa, ngoba umbhali ubona ukuthi ababusi baphonswa kanjani kanye ngamandla amakhulu. Ubeka ngokucophelela inkinga enkulu kaRus - ukungabi nobunye phakathi kwezikhulu, ongakwazi ukuhlukanisa inkatho futhi azimisele ukuhlala esihlalweni sobukhosi saseKiev.

Kodwa hhayi kuphela ukuhamba okungaphumeleli okusho ukuthi "I-Lay Igor's Host". Izici zenkosana ngayinye yenza kube lula ukubuyisela isithombe somlando sabaphathi, ukuvuselela izimangaliso zabo nethemba. Baziphatha kahle, naphezu kokuthi umbusi we-Novgorod-Seversky oyinhloko wabenza ngokungenangqondo. Bonke baqoqa imali yokuhlenga ekuthunjweni kuka-Igor kanye nabaqaphi bakhe, babingelela ngenjabulo isikhulu esikhululiwe. Kodwa nokho isifundo somlando sabakhohlwa ngabo, ngoba izingxabano azizange zime.

Izinganekwane namasu obuciko

Umsebenzi ugcwele ama-motifs aseSlavonic, imisho yezinkondlo, izinganekwane mayelana namaqhawe amakhulu. Ngifuna ukuphawula ukuthi "eZwini ..." futhi ngisebenzisa imfundiso yasendulo. Umbhali ubiza ukuthi izikhulu zizala uDazhbog, uBoyana - inzalo kaVeles, imimoya ibizwa ngokuthi ngamadodana kaStribog. Ukusho kuthiwa kwenziwa ngezidalwa ezifana noKarna noJel, ukuzwakalisa ukudabuka nokulangazelela, omkhulu kuthiwa unkulunkulu ngaphandle. Akucaci ukuthi ngubani uTroyan - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unguMbusi waseRoma, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umyalezo edolobheni laseGrisi elivinjezelwe iminyaka eyishumi, noma ngabe ungunkulunkulu wezingane zesiSlav. Lokhu kunikeza zonke izizathu zokukholelwa ukuthi ngisho nasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nambili, lapho "iZwi ..." kubhalwa, abantu babengakakhohlwa onkulunkulu babo bamaqaba, kodwa bakhuleka nabo ngeNkosi yobuKristu.

Futhi ubani umbhali?

Umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu "I-Lay of Igor's Host". Umbhali wobudlelwane bakhe owaziwayo phakathi kwezikhulu, impilo yaseRussia ngaphakathi. Kodwa uchaza ngokuningiliziwe ngemikhankaso, eqondisa ukuthi u-Igor wenza ngesikhathi sempi. Lokhu kunikeza ilungelo lokucabanga ukuthi yena ngokwakhe uhlanganyele emkhankasweni wezempi, kwakuyi-vigilante noma eduze nombusi. Kuyiqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukuthi igama laleli ndoda liqambe ngokunembile namhlanje.

Izilinganiso nokucabanga

Izitshalo zezwe lakhe lakubo (eKiev, ama-stepp eduze naseSeversky Donets nase-Uda) zigcwele "I-Lay of Igor's Host". Umlobi kungenzeka ukuthi uhambe kakhulu eRussia, ngakho uyazi kahle indawo. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lo msebenzi wawubhalwe yiKirill Turovsky, u- Prince Igor, uVladimir Svyatoslavovich ngokwakhe, noma indodakazi kaSvyatoslav Vselodovich Boleslav. Kukhona inguqulo ukuthi umsebenzi owehla emlandweni wabhalwa ngumfana uPyrrr Borislavovich waseKiev, okukhulunywa ngaye ohlwini luka-Ipatievsky. Kodwa izazi-mlando ezithile zikholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi onzima kangaka unabalobi abaningana, hhayi owodwa. Kukhona nabososayensi abanjalo abacabanga ngokuthi "iZwi ..." inkohliso ehambisana nekhwalithi, hhayi idokhumenti yangempela yomlando, ikakhulukazi kusukela ekuqaleni akuzange kufinyelele esikhathini sethu. Kodwa noma kunjalo, umdali wenkondlo wenza umsebenzi omuhle, okushiya noyedwa ongenandaba.

Esikhundleni segama elilandelayo

Umsebenzi ufanelwe ukufunda wonke umuntu - ngokuphelele, ngolimi lokuqala.