I Neolithic revolution

I Neolithic Revolution - isenzakalo esibaluleke kunazo zonke emlandweni wesintu, owawungumnyaka lubonakale lokuqala kulesi silinganiso zezwe umlando-step ndoda nezakudala ekubeni ophucuzekile.

Abaningi zeminyaka umphakathi bakudala kukhona cishe akukashintshi. Ukuthuthukiswa Its wayehamba kancane kangangokuba kwakusinda cishe hhayi kangako. Kuba nezinguquko eziphawulekayo amazinga kahulumeni ahlukahlukene umphakathi kuphela owaqala ekhulwini elidlule, ukuze ngendlela efanayo lempilo abantu ayikashintshi amashumi ezinkulungwane eminyaka.

Lo mcimbi ebaluleke kakhulu ngenkathi umphakathi bakudala, esiye saholela izinguquko ezihlelekile ezimpilweni zabantu, baba Neolithic Revolution, elaqala eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 10-15 edlule. Ngalesi sikhathi kufanele ukubukeka amathuluzi ukugaya, ukuvela ezolimo kanye isilwane ukunakekela. Ukukhiqiza zomsebenzi amalungelo mayelana nalo kakhulu kwandisa nekucala idlule isidingo, kukhona umkhiqizo ngokweqile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona kungenzeka ekuqongeleleni ingcebo ukudalwa izinqolobane. Ukukhiqiza umnotho wenza kancane engaphansi abantu emvelweni. Labantu ziqala ukumila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo izimfanelo nokuxhashazwa abanye abantu ngabanye (labo abaye waqongelela ingcebo).

I Neolithic Revolution kwakuhambisana nezinga ukuthuthukiswa kulinywe ubuchwepheshe kanye ekuqaleni ezolimo. Abantu kuqala waqala ukuhlwanyela wokusanhlamvu ibhali, ukolweni, ubhontshisi, amabele kanye nezinye izitshalo nokuvuna. Uma ngaphambili eyodwa umzingeli ukuqinisekisa ukuphila okuvamile besizwe okumalungana amabili amakhilomitha square komhlaba, manje kule ndawo okuye kwafezwa ukondla amakhulu abalimi. Ngakho, niche emvelweni yandile eziningi noma kaningi. Ukuze abantu kuba insada 'yokuchuma "kwaqala ngawo-emlandweni wesintu.

I Neolithic Revolution nomthelela ekuqaleni yokubola we bakudala uhlelo ohlanganyelwe, futhi kwathatha amafomu lokuqala izinhlangano zomphakathi. A ifomu elisha yenhlangano kwezenhlalo futhi yabizwa ngokuthi "protogosudarstva". Ngalesi sikhathi, ziqala ukuvela nemizana emikhulu ekubeni sokuqondisa, kwamasiko nenkolo (idolobha). Ngenkathi umholi we izithakazelo kuhambisane izithakazelo zabanye amalungu omphakathi, kodwa kakade ukungalingani sobala kwezenhlalo, okuholela ngokwahlukana kancane kancane la izithakazelo.

Kuyinto kulesigaba lokwehlukaniswa Kwetinsita izindlela zokuthuthukiswa lwenzeka "entshonalanga" futhi "empumalanga". Izizathu zalokhu amanga iqiniso lokuthi East basinda kwemphakatsi nebuniyo zomphakathi walelo zwe. Lokhu kwakubangelwa isidingo ukunisela imisebenzi ababe ngaphesheya ngamandla imikhaya. Entshonalanga, lapho umsebenzi onjalo kungadingeki, umphakathi waphula isheshe, futhi izwe lidlule ku ubunikazi yangasese.

I Neolithic Revolution nasemiphumeleni yaso

Izinguquko ukubaluleka ezenzeke ngokunamandla kangaka ukuphila komuntu ophansi nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu. Ngo kwathatha esikhiqiza izinqubo umnotho okwagcina kuholele ushintsho chithi saka cishe bakudala ebuhlotsheni ophucukile ezaqaliswa. Kube lonke uhlu imihlola ngokuyinhloko entsha ekuphileni kwebantfu, phakathi kwawo - ukwehlukana nezinkomo ukulima, + njengasosukwini lokungivivinya Bronze Age - kanye nokwabiwa yezandla; ushona kwamangqamuzana kwezenhlalo kanye impahla naphakathi kwemiphakathi; indima elikhulayo umndeni; aphuma clan lo makhelwane wakhe; ukuvela uhlobo olusha nemizana ezinkulu. I Neolithic Revolution imakwe ukuhoxa bakudala, nakuba inqubo ibe engalingani. Ekuqaleni kwakukhona ezimbalwa kuphela eziqhingini ezincane, lapho abaningi baye bahlakulela zonke izimo ngoba sithola ukuthi ukwedlulela kuleso impucuko. Kuphela kakhulu inqubo kamuva isibe ezinzile ezithuthukayo.