Usosayensi Soviet, omunye wabasunguli be-cosmonautics Yuri Kondratyuk: Biography, izimpumelelo amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Yuriy vasilevich Kondratyuk - usosayensi wase-USSR nge iWhite Guard zokugcina. Wazalwa ngo-1897, ngo-June 9. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-XX leminyaka, yabalelwa trajectory elikhulu kuya enyangeni - ". Kondratyuka ithrekhi" Ngemva kwalokho, izibalo yakhe basetshenziswa NASA e uhlelo "Apollo". Cabangela eminye ukudlula ngisho abadumile Yuriy vasilevich Kondratyuk.

Biography kusuka ekuzalweni kuya ukweqa

igama langempela ngekusasa lophiko ovelele yesayensi yayihluke kakhulu. Yuri Kondratyuk --alias Alexander Ignatievitch Shargeya. Wazalwa ngo Poltava, emkhayeni Russified namaJalimane amaJuda ezathatha yamaKatolika. Ukhokho kwakungu-Anton Andreevich Shlippenbah, owaba nengxenye impi ka 1812

Alexander wachitha esengumntwana endlini kagogo wakhe, kanti eyesibili yomyeni wakhe. Wayengumngane umbelethisi, futhi - udokotela ezweni, futhi ikhanda kamuva kwegatsha wesithathu Exchequer. Lapho eneminyaka libe nonyaka owodwa ubudala, uyise waya eJalimane, e Darmstadt, ukufunda ngesikhathi tehshkole Ephakeme. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, yaqala enesifo sengqondo e unina, ukuze wafakwa esibhedlela ngaphansi s. Small Budyscha. Lapha yena wachitha ukuphila kwakhe konke.

Ngo-1903 ubaba wathutha indodana yakhe Petersburg. Lapha, yingxenye yomkhaya wabo baba Helena Petrovna Giberman. Yayiyindodakazi ka udokotela wezifo zabesifazane abadumile, futhi ekuhumusheni izincwadi zokwelapha P. I. Lure-Gibermana. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngo-1907, u-Alexander iya esikoleni esiqhingini Vasilveskom. Ngo-1910 yena wazalwa yakhe isigamu-udade UNina. Ngawo lowo nyaka uyise eshona ngokungazelelwe. Alexander ibuyele endlini kagogo wakhe.

Kusukela ngo-1910 kuya ku-1916 wathola besigaba sesibili kule Okwesibili Poltava yokuzivocavoca, futhi ngathola iziqu nge nayo lendondo yesiliva. Lapho beqeda ukuqeqeshwa, u-Alexander ifika Petrograd Polytechnic Institute, umnyango mechanical (manje - Petersburg Polytechnic State University). Nokho, ngo-November 1916 ngesikhathi socingo yebutho wathunyelwa yemvume esikoleni. Ngaphambi demobilization of entwasahlobo ka-1918 nengxenye izimpi ngezihluthu Turkish. Njengoba isikhulu sebutho tsarist, emva kwempi ka-1917 kwaphuma nesinedolo ku ibutho elimhlophe, ibhungane.

Ngemva ukuthunjwa Kiev Alexander iRed Army bazama ukubaleka ngezinyawo phesheya. Kodwa eboshwa futhi yabuyiselwa. Ngaphansi yobuhlungu ekujezisweni ngenxa esidlule yakhe ngosizo nosingamama wakhe uHelen Giberman wathola amadokhumenti amasha. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waba Yuriem Vasilevichem Kondratyukom, owazalwa ngo-1900 e Lutsk wesifunda. Ngokusho zokuwabona, wayephila ngesikhathi esisele.

Umsebenzi umsebenzi wokuqala

Kusukela ngo-1921 kuya ku-1927 Yuri Kondratyuk wasebenza Kuban, eningizimu ye-Ukraine, North-Caucasus. Lapha wayengumuntu greaser, a izimoto-trailer, udladla umakhenikha. Ngo-1927 eSiberia ngaphansi usongo wama-KGB ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu. Yingaleso lula ukufihla ngegama okungelona. Ngo Novosibirsk, le Yuriy Kondratyuk uthola inkampani "Khleboprodukt". Lapha wayefanele iqhaza ukwakhiwa kanye ngcono zommbila. Ngaso nje kulokhu, wakha adumile "Mastodon" - .. Granary, eyenzelwe ayizinkulungwane 13 amathani isakhiwo yadalwa ngaphandle nail olulodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Yuri Kondratyuk seza kaningana e Biisk. Lapho ozongitshela phezu nokukhanda yenqubo isitoreji okusanhlamvu.

isivivinyo

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuphathwa kwenkampani "Khleboprodukt" zakungabaza ukuthembeka "Mastodon", owadala Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich. Ukuboshwa ngamacala ukuketula senzeka ngo-1930, ngo-July 30. ukuphathwa kwenkampani waziswe ukuthi umbhali yephrojekthi, hhayi kuphela akawasebenzisanga izinzipho, kodwa ngisho noma iyiphi imidwebo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngamacala Yuri Kondratyuk wagwetshwa iminyaka emithathu ekamu. "Mastodon" yema iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 futhi ladilizwa ngo maphakathi nawo-90s phezu komlilo.

imisebenzi emisha

Phakathi naleso sikhathi ikamu eyabuyiselwa umsebenzi kwakheka Novosibirsk Special Bureau № 14 iziboshwa onjiniyela. Kube kwenziwa ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi amalahle amaphrojekthi. Lo msebenzi wakhe wawenziwa Yuri Kondratyuk. Umlando wakhe ugcwele ezihlukahlukene izenzakalo ezimangalisayo. Ngakho, ukusebenza kwenani ehhovisi 14, wakwazi ukuthola amalungelo obunikazi emkhakheni izimayini kanye nezimayini imishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye banyathelisa izihloko eziningana ezindabeni ezithile. Phakathi kwabo abangu lula futhi kuyashesha Ukungena kwezimayini at opalubnoy nokukhanda porodorubochnyh kanye nomsebenzi ukhonkolo, kwagcizelela ukhonkolo inqwaba umshayeli, kanjalonjalo.

Crimean umoya ipulazi

Phakathi khona bureau ezikhethekile labetibambile umncintiswano ukudalwa imidwebo yokumiswa. Imigomo wokufundwayo futhi Yuri Kondratyuk. Ukwakhela Wec wayifeza ngokubambisana Gorchakov. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, wonke umsebenzi wami kwakudingeka balwe futhi Nikitin - umdali umbhoshongo ithelevishini Ostankino. I imidwebo yaqedwa Novemba 1932 Ababhali emva esifushane avunyelwe ukuya enhlokodolobha. Ngesikhathi mncintiswano yephrojekthi yikona okungcono. Ngo-1933, ngesikhathi ekufuna we Yabantu Commissariat Kondratyuka ukukhululwa ngokushesha izincwadi zokubaxosha. Alandelayo 1934 umklamo umoya ipulazi seluphothuliwe ngokuphelele. Ukwakhiwa isisekelo waqala ngo-1937 eNtabeni Ai-Petri. Nokho, ezinsukwini ezizayo, 1938, umsebenzi samiswa ngenxa zokuchithwa enamandla amandla omoya izindawo. Eminyakeni emibili ezayo Kondratiuk yakhelwe umshayeli encane WPP.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo

Nakuba abasebenza imidwebo umoya amandla isipiliyoni, eyayintula Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich, biography, izimpumelelo nentshisekelo yakhe S. P. koroleva. Kugcine count ekubambisaneni. Nokho, Kondratyuk Yuriy vasilevich kulesi siphakamiso kungamukelwa. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, wachaza ukwehluleka kokuzibophezela ezikhona ezihlobene ukuyosebenza epulazini emoyeni. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, isizathu kwaba ukuthi imisebenzi ehlobene amaphrojekthi wezempi, ngokuqinile zilawulwe NKVD. Endabeni yokuqinisekisa ongayiqala esidlule yakhe whiteguard kanye neqiniso ka falsification kwemibhalo. Kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Ukuhlanganyela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili

At ekuqaleni kwempi, Yuri Kondratyuk ngasebenza kwabosizo izidlamlilo njengesisebenzi sokuzithandela. Wayelethwa libhaliswe 2nd Infantry Regiment 21 th Division besifunda eMoscow Kiev, kule nkampani yokuxhumana, telephonist. Ngo-October 1941, iyunithi aphume imvelo. Ngemva kwalokho Kondratiuk ngakhonza inkampani axhunyiwe we lika-47 Infantry Regiment we Division 194th. Ngemva kwalokho, yena waba induna prokomvzvoda nokuhlukaniswa 1st Battalion, ingxenye kumiswa wesi-2 49th ibutho Western. Ngokuhambisana kwesithi "Incwadi of Memory" Yuri Kondratyuk (Yuriy Kondratyuk) wafa ngo-1942, ngo-February 25. Wembelwa e-orel esifundeni, eduze nedolobhana. Krivtsovo.

Astronautics umsunguli

Yuriy vasilevich Kondratyuk phakathi neminyaka womsebenzi wayo zokusebenza bukhicite izincwadi eziningana. Ngakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi Tsiolkovskii, wakwazi baphethe indlela yokuqala ezothando eyisisekelo nangomcibisholo. Ngaphezu kwalokho Kondratjuk echazwe circuit emine esiteji futhi ngokubeka isibonelo oxyhydrogen fuel paraboloidal umlomo wombhobho ekamelweni injini omlilo ngendawo uvalo ka Imibhobho esemzimbeni nezinye nokuningi. Konke lokhu uye walisho incwadi yakhe "Labo kuzofunda ukwakha 'ngo-1919

imibono Key

Encwadini yakhe ethi Kondratyuk aphakanyisiwe:

1. Faka umoya ukumelana ngesikhathi braking rocket ngesikhathi sokwehla fuel Umnotho.
2. Bonisa umkhumbi ngesikhathi indiza kwamanye amaplanethi emzileni satellite yokufakelwa. Ukuze kokwehla womuntu bese ulithumela esiteshini ukusebenzisa ukufakwa encane kokwehla. Lesi siphakamiso waqalwa ngo uhlelo "Apollo".
3. Sebenzisa ensimini okudonsa kusukela zingashayisani mayelana nezinto zasemkhathini ngoba dorazgona noma braking lapho endiza zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Lesi siphakamiso liye labizwa ngokuthi "iqhinga okuphazamisayo."

Esikhathini iphepha efanayo Kondratiuk kubhekwe ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amandla elanga amandla izinhlelo mkhathi sika ugibelile, kanye ukubeka Umhlaba orbit izibuko ezinkulu ukuze azenze zikhanye ebusweni iplanethi.

Eyesibili umsebenzi

Ngo-1929, lapho kwentiwe incwadi ekunqotshweni isikhala interplanetary. It Kondratiuk bachazela ukulandelana izigaba sokuqala ukuhlola umkhathi, elichazwa umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala. Ngakho, encwadini entsha, umlobi ezihlongozwayo lokufeza supply satellites ngaphakathi emhlabeni emzileni nangomcibisholo kanye wezikhali izinhlelo. Namuhla, le ndlela luyasetshenziswa ngendlela ezokuthutha kanye imoto imikhumbi ezifana "Inqubekela". Futhi encwadini Kondratiuk kucwaningwe imibuzo mayelana nokuvikelwa ezishisayo of mkhathi ngesikhathi ukufuduka yabo emkhathini.

inkumbulo

Ngafaka eningi wazama ukubuyisela igama ezinhle Yuri Kondratyuk uzakwabo nomfowa bese ukuklama ubunjiniyela emahhovisi abo. Lavochkin BI Romanenko. Ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi wazinikela ngokuphelele ukuba "interplanetary" journalism. Ikhumbule ezifezwayo Kondratyuka sidalwe ezikhumbuzo eziningi, imigwaqo eminingi okuthiwa, ekhishwe zemali esiyisikhumbuzo. Ngakho, izikhumbuzo ukufakwa Poltava, e Komsomolsk (ekolishi). Ngo Krylovskaya isifunda Krasnodar Territory e Art. Okthoba, emnyuziyamu yisikhumbuzo Kondratyuk. Kusukela ngo-1992, it is yaqanjwa Novosibirsk Aerospace Lyceum. Ngo Novosibirsk futhi Kiev babe Kondratyuk emgwaqweni. Esikhathini yokugcina, omunye amakhaya wamiswa a qwembe lwesikhumbuzo. E-Ukraine, ngaleso sikhathi futhi kwase kunesiqiniseko wasebusika. Yu. V. Kondratyuka. Ngo-1997, igama lakhe wanikwa Poltava tehuniversitetu. Okwamanje, i-National Technical Institute. Yu. V. Kondratyuka. Ngo-1970, igama lakhe ungomunye asemigodini ohlangothini reverse of the Moon okuthiwa. Enhloko-dolobha yase-Rashiya - I-Moscow - samanje Str. Kondratyuk, okuyinto ingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi kwangaphakathi-amasayithi anikezelwe ukuhlola umkhathi. Kuze 1965, lo mgwaqo yayibizwa ngokuthi i-2nd kwindlela Novoostankinsky. Ngo-1997, e-Ukraine isampula weJubili uhlamvu lwemali wakhishwa, futhi ngo-2007 - izitembu ezimbili leposi enegama Kondratyuk. Street, elalinikezelwe sibalo inkumbulo, naye Rubtsovsk. Lapha-ke ingenye izinkampani endala ukucubungula nesilondoloze imikhiqizo okusanhlamvu. Kamen-na-Obi - edolobheni lakhiwa adumile "Mastodon", - kukhona mgwaqo Kondratyuk. On kwaleli chibi wakha lesikhumbuzo yokudumisa umklami. Ngo-2012, June 21, i-enjini "Google" logo sibekezelele behlonipha Kondratyuk. Ngo-2014, ngo-October 18, oluvelele sibalo yesayensi nomklami yamukelwa Alamogordo e igalari odumo ngamazwe. Ngo orel, e Bolhovskom District, endaweni yisikhumbuzo eduze nedolobhana yamisa uphawu yesikhumbuzo Krivtsovo Kondratyuk, nokusolakala ukuthi wafa lapha phakathi olunegazi iMpi Yezwe II.

isiphetho

Naphezu esidlule yayo sasivumela limelene namaSoviet Yuri Kondratyuk negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni cosmonautics isiRashiya, ubunjiniyela, ukwakhiwa kanye nenombolo kweminye imikhakha efanele yezwe. izincwadi zakhe ziye zaba ngokoqobo kabanzi hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi phesheya. Ngeshwa, kwakungekho amathuba anjalo ngoba ukugcwaliseka ezingaba zokudala futhi ngokwesayensi eminyakeni pre-impi. Noma kunjalo Kondratyuk wakwazi ukwakha eningi amaphrojekthi eziye zaba nomthelela emlandweni waleli zwe. It is yayiphawuleka ngokuthambekela kwengqondo ephapheme, amandla amakhulu, isimo sengqondo sina ukuba konke akwenzayo. Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile ekubuyiseleni inkumbulo kwaba umsebenzi Romanenko. Ikakhulu sibonga kuye yaziwa amaqiniso amaningi oluchaza Kondratyuk. Romanenko wanyathelisa incwadi elalinikezelwe ukuphila futhi umsebenzi uzakwabo elikhazimulayo umzalwane isosha lesizwe. Uma kungenjalo sokufa kwakhe empini ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, maningi amathuba okuthi izwe ngabe ufunde mayelana izinto ezintsha kanye impumelelo Yuriya Vasilevicha Kondratyuka. Abaningi sokuthuthuka futhi lisetshenziswa okwamanje.