I op-amp: uhlobo wesifunda, isimiso yokusebenza. Lo mshini ngomhlangano wesifunda ngo-amplifier tekusebenta non-inverting. Isikimu dc voltage amplifier amplifier tekusebenta

Isihloko ezocatshangelwa indinganiso amplifier wesifunda kuyinto -amplifier ukusebenza, futhi izibonelo izindlela ezahlukene ekusebenzeni kule divayisi. Kuze kube manje, awukho nowodwa umbuso control unit ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa yokukhulisa umsindo tekusebenta. Lena amathuluzi enemisebenzi ngempela ezikuvumela ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene isignali. Mayelana nendlela okusebenza futhi yini ncamashi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba wenze le divayisi kwenu nifunde ku.

inverting amplifier

Ukushayela inverting amplifier op-amp ilula ngokwanele, ungabona-ke esithombeni. Enkabeni yalo-amplifier tekusebenta (uxhumano oyibhalayo ke sibonile kulesi sihloko). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha:

1. I Resistor-R1 iconsi voltage likhona ku ukubaluleka ke kuyafana okokufaka.
2. Esikhathini Resistor-R2 Ubuye iconsi voltage - ke kuyafana okukhiphayo.

Kulokhu okukhiphayo voltage ratio ukumelana value-R2 isezingeni okokufaka ngenhlonipho R1, kodwa emuva uphawu. Ukwazi voltage kanye ukumelana amagugu ingabalwa inzuzo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlukanisa voltage okukhiphayo voltage input. Kulesi amplifier tekusebenta (ukushintsha wesifunda kungase uneminye) Kungase kudingeke inzuzo ngendlela efanayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo.

impendulo Imisebenzi

umsebenzi impendulo - manje eyodwa phuzu elibalulekile udinga ukuqonda kabanzi. Ake sithi, emnyango kukhona ukungezwani ezithile. Ukuze kube lula, izibalo kuzothatha ukubaluleka 1 V Lokucabanga futhi ukuthi ohms-R1 = 10K, R2 = 100.

Manje ake sithi kukhona isimo esithile esingalindelekile, ngenxa lapho okukhipha voltage esiteji imisiwe ukuba 0 V Ngokulandelayo, kukhona ethakazelisayo - resistances amabili uqale ukusebenza ngababili, ndawonye bakha kusuka a ehlukanisayo voltage. Ngesikhathi okukhiphayo esigabeni inverting inakekelwa at 0.91 V Lokhu kuvumela OS ukulungisa lokungafani kokwenziwayo, kanye okukhipha voltage ukunciphisa kwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, elula kakhulu umklamo idayagramu yokukhulisa umsindo tekusebenta, msindo isignali lapho uyaqaphela umsebenzi inzwa, isibonelo.

Futhi lolu shintsho uzoqhubeka kakhulu pores, inqobo nje uma isethwe ku ukubaluleka wokukhipha esigculisayo 10 V. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi ngaleso okokufaka we tekusebenta amplifier nekhono bayalingana. Futhi kuyoba okufanayo njengoba engaba phansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma lo voltage okukhiphayo of idivayisi uzoqhubeka wehlise, futhi ngeke kube ngaphansi kuka -10 V ngesikhathi ezingaba okokufaka iba leliphasi kunaleyo zomhlabathi. Umphumela - lo voltage okukhiphayo uqala ukwandisa.

Cebo okunjalo kusimo - impedance okokufaka lincane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi yokukhulisa umsindo nge kwenani voltage inzuzo, uma wazi impendulo ivaliwe. Umklamo, kuxoxwa esilandelayo, zibancishe zonke lezi amaphutha.

Lo mshini-non-inverting

Lesi sibalo sikhombisa idayagramu msindo-non-inverting kuyinto amplifier tekusebenta. Ngemva kokuhlaziya ke, singaqondile, singafinyelela eziphethweni eziningana:

1. UA voltage elilingana okokufaka.
2. Nge ehlukanisayo off voltage UA, okuyinto isilinganiso umsebenzi okukhipha voltage lezinombolo ka-R1 R1 no-R2 resistances.
3. Esimweni lapho ukubaluleka UA ilingana voltage zolimo, kubhedere isilinganiso okukhipha voltage ekufakeni (noma kungenzeka ngokuhlobene resistances-R2 no-R1 engeza iyunithi).

Lesi sakhiwo libizwa amplifier non-inverting, it has a impedance okokufaka lwalolu limi. Ngokwesibonelo, yokukhulisa umsindo tekusebenta 411 uchungechunge inani layo - 1012, okungenani. Futhi yokukhulisa umsindo tekusebenta usebenzisa okuguquguqukayo Semiconductor Transistor, ngokuvamile okweqa 108 ohms. Futhi nangu impedance ekhishwa wendlale, kanye kule scheme ngaxoxa lincane kakhulu - share ohms. Futhi kufanele kunakwe lapho ukubala wenziwa izifunda nge yokukhulisa umsindo tekusebenta.

Isikimu AC amplifier

Bobabili izikimu okuzoxoxwa ngazo esihlokweni ngaphambili ugijime on zamanje ngqo. Kodwa uma izinga zokuxhumana uvo umthombo isignali futhi amplifier ukhonza kushintshana zamanje ezonikeza enhlabathini zamanje okokufaka. Futhi kudingeka sinake yokuthi ukubaluleka lamanje lincane kakhulu ngobukhulu.

Esimweni lapho kukhona okubonisa kunesidingo a AC eqinisa ukwehlisa inzuzo ebunyeni isignali DC. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho inzuzo voltage likhulu kakhulu. Ngalesi kungenzeka kakhulu ukunciphisa ithonya nokucindezeleka phuca, okuyinto kunikezwa kwidivaysi yokufakwayo.

Isibonelo sesibili wesifunda ngoba operation nge voltage kushintshana

Kulesi uhlelo, at -3 dB kungabonwa umugqa imvamisa 17Hz. Kubonakala kusukela impedance we capacitor at ngamakhilogremu amabili. Ngakho-ke, i-capacitor kumelwe ibe nkulu ngokwanele.

Ukwakha amandla AC, kufanele usebenzise ze-non-inverting uhlobo izifunda nge yokukhulisa umsindo tekusebenta. Kumelwe abe enkulu ngokwanele voltage inzuzo. Kodwa nanku capacitor kungaba kukhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungcono uyeka ukuyisebenzisa. Yiqiniso, kubalulekile ukukhetha ilungelo nokucindezeleka phuca, lokuhlobanisa ke zero value. Futhi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ehlukanisayo T emise ukubaluleka ukumelana kokubili resistors kulesi sifunda.

Yikuphi isikimu kungcono ukusebenzisa

Iningi makudle zabo kuya yokukhulisa umsindo non-inverting, njengoba abe impedance eliphezulu kakhulu ngaleso input. Nokunganakwa izikimu inverting hlobo. Kodwa ekugcineni kukhona inzuzo enkulu - akusiyo olindele iningi amplifier ukusebenza, okuyinto "inhliziyo" yayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici, eqinisweni, kungcono kakhulu. Futhi ngosizo i emhlabathini ngengqondo kungaba sihlanganise lonke amasignali kalula, futhi ngeke ube nomunye ithonya abanye. Ingasetshenziselwa e izakhiwo kanye DC amplifier wesifunda-amplifier tekusebenta. Konke kuncike nezidingo zakho.

Futhi asanda - uma wonke scheme, okukhulunywa ngawo lapha, ixhunywe okukhipha nzile omunye amplifier tekusebenta. Kulokhu, impedance uvo ayibalulekile - okungenani 1 kW, ngisho 10, nakuba okufanekisa ingunaphakade. Kulokhu, esigabeni sokuqala njalo kufeza injongo bayo uma buqhathaniswa olandelayo.

Ukushayela repeater

umlandeli Powered amplifier tekusebenta efana emitter eyakhelwe Transistor okuguquguqukayo. Futhi njengamanje owenza umsebenzi ofanayo. Empeleni, kuba amplifier non-inverting, ngaleso Resistor sokuqala ngokungenamkhawulo enkulu, kanti eyesibili kungu-zero. Kulokhu inzuzo ubunye.

Kunezinhlobo olukhethekile yokukhulisa umsindo tekusebenta ukuthi asetshenziswa inqubo kuphela busebenze repeater. Sinenkosi ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu - ngokuvamile ngesivinini. Njengoba isibonelo, ezifana nokusebenza yokukhulisa umsindo OPA633, LM310, TL068. Lesi sakamuva unomzimba ofana Transistor, kanye iziphetho ezintathu. Isikhathi esining impela, lezi yokukhulisa umsindo zibizwa ngokuthi isebenza. Iqiniso lokuthi banayo yisivikelo izakhiwo (impedance eliphezulu kakhulu input bese okukhipha aphansi kakhulu). Mayelana eyakhelwe lesi simiso, futhi zamanje amplifier wesifunda kuyinto amplifier tekusebenta.

imodi esebenzayo

Empeleni, kuba imodi enjalo lapho okukhiphayo nokokufaka ka amplifier yekusebenta hhayi ngokweqile. Uma wesifunda okokufaka sinikeza isignali esikhulu kakhulu eMhlanganweni ekhishwa nje iqala ukusika ezingeni ngalendoda noma voltage emitter. Kodwa lapho lo voltage okukhiphayo eqondiswa ezingeni Imi - voltage okokufaka OC akashintshi. Ngalesi isikali abakwazi sibe ngaphezu supply voltage kwesiteji amplifier.

izifunda kakhulu yokukhulisa umsindo tekusebenta ibalwa yokuthi ubukhulu lingaphansi kuka supply voltage is 2 V Nokho, konke kuncike kulokho lisetshenziswa ngokuqondile amplifier wesifunda amplifier tekusebenta. Kungokufanayo kukhona umkhawulo nokusimama umthombo zamanje ngesisekelo amplifier tekusebenta.

Ake sithi kukhona kumthombo umthwalo elintantayo ezinye iconsi voltage. Uma lamanje isiqondiso evamile ikhambo, kungatholakala ongaziwa at umthwalo lokuqala. Ngokwesibonelo, amabhethri eziningana perepolyusovannyh. Lo mklamo ingasetshenziswa ukuthola icala lwamanje ngqo.

ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha

Simple amplifier voltage amplifier tekusebenta (wesifunda kungenzeka abakhethiwe ikhona) zingenziwa ngokoqobo "emadolweni akhe." Kodwa-ke kudingeka acabangele ezinye izici ezikhethekile. Qiniseka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isifunda impendulo okungekuhle. Iphinde ithi akuvumelekile ukudida non-inverting nokokufaka inverting ka amplifier. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube impendulo uchungechunge for DC. Kungenjalo, amp op uzoqala ukuhambisa ngokushesha imodi ukugcwaliswa.

Iningi tekusebenta amplifier okokufaka umehluko voltage lincane kakhulu inani. Umehluko esiphezulu phakathi noninverting nokokufaka inverting kungenzeka benzeka ukubaluleka 5 V ngasiphi yokuxhuma umthombo wamandla. Uma sidebeselela leli gama, kuyoba emnyango nezimiso kunalokho enkulu imisinga eziyoholela yokuthi zonke izici wesifunda ngeke ukuwohloka.

Into embi kunazo zonke kule - ukubhujiswa ezingokomzimba amplifier tekusebenta. Ngenxa yalokho, it eyeka ukusebenza amplifier wesifunda op amp ngokuphelele.

Khumbula

Futhi-ke, kudingeka ukhulume imithetho okufanele zilandelwe ukuqinisekisa operation esitebeleni nehlala njalo ka amplifier tekusebenta.

Okubaluleke kakhulu - DU has a eliphezulu kakhulu voltage inzuzo. Futhi uma voltage phakathi okokufaka ukushintsha ukwabelana millivolts, ekhishwa ukubaluleka yayo ingase ishintshe kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi: kusukela okukhipha op-amp uzama bafune ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umehluko voltage phakathi okokufaka kwakuthandeka (kuhle alinganayo) zero.

Eyesibili umthetho - ukusetshenziswa wamanje amplifier tekusebenta lincane kakhulu, ngokoqobo nanoamps. Uma uvo isethelwe ensimini-umphumela transistors, kulinganiselwa PA. It lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi imibono musa kudle zamanje, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isetshenziswa tekusebenta amplifier wesifunda - Umgomo we operation ayiguquki.

Kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi OU njalo ngempela izinguquko we voltage input. Emzimbeni, lesi sivivinyo cishe akunakwenzeka, ngoba kungaba khona ukuhambisana nale mithetho yesibili. Ngenxa nokusebenza amplifier uya ukuhlolwa kwazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo kwezolimo. Nge impendulo wangaphandle zokuxhumana wesifunda idluliselwa ku voltage wokufaka kusukela okukhiphayo. Umphumela - phakathi okokufaka of amplifier tekusebenta umehluko voltage ka zero.

umqondo impendulo

Kuyinto Umbono ovamile, futhi isivele iyasetshenziswa Ngomqondo obanzi yonke imikhakha yobuchwepheshe. Kunoma uhlelo lokulawula lineluphu impendulo eliqhathanisa isignali okukhipha kanye value set (inkomba). Kuye ngalokho Inani lamanje - kukhona okudinga ukulungiswa endleleni efanele. Kulokhu-ke uhlelo lokulawula kungaba yini, ngisho imoto ukuthi luhamba endleleni.

Umshayeli ngazo phezu wazihlephula, ngempendulo kuyinto - ekuqaleni deceleration. Ngu Isifaniso nge isibonelo lelula, singakuqonda kangcono ngempendulo e kagesi. A impendulo engeyinhle - ke uma lapho ngokucindezela isinyathelo ukubopha imoto ngesivinini.

Electronics impendulo yinqubo ngesikhathi lapho ukudluliswa kwenzeka kusukela okukhiphayo isignali okufakwayo. Ngakho kukhona kuxazululwe phezu isignali okufakwayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akusiyo umqondo ezinengqondo kakhulu, kungase eqinisweni kubonakale kusukela ngaphandle, okuyinto ukunciphisa kakhulu inzuzo. Izibuyekezo ezinjalo, ngendlela, abasunguli etholwe impendulo ukuthuthukiswa electronics. Kodwa-ke kudingeka ukuba uqonde kabanzi nethonya layo yokukhulisa umsindo tekusebenta - cabanga izifunda esisebenzayo. Futhi kuba sobala ukuthi kuyiqiniso futhi kancane kunciphisa inzuzo, kodwa kukuvumela ukuthuthukisa nezinye izinketho ezimbalwa:

1. Hlelemba impendulo imvamisa (okuholela kudingekile zabo).
2. It ivumela ukubikezela ukuziphatha amplifier.
3. Onekhono ukushabalalisa non-linearity futhi babike lapho kuba ukuhlanekezela.

Ngempendulo ngaphezulu (sikhuluma okungekuhle), ithonya kancane ukusebenza amplifier nge OS evulekile. Umphumela - yonke nemingcele yayo incike kuphela kulokho izakhiwo wesifunda.

Kuwufanele ukunaka nje neqiniso lokuthi bonke yokukhulisa umsindo tekusebenta ezisebenza kumodi nge impendulo ijulile kakhulu. A voltage inzuzo (evulekile-loop yayo) ongafinyelela ngisho eziningana million. Ngakho-ke, circuit amplifier kuyinto amplifier yekusebenta olindele kakhulu kokuhambisana zonke kwemigomo ugesi kanye ezingeni isignali okufakwayo.