Kuyini ukushintsha okwamanje?

Mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zamanje kagesi, wonke umuntu utshelwe ngezifundo ze-physics esikoleni. Kwabanye, lolu lwazi lugcina kuphela ulwazi, lwandise ukuqonda kwe-oda lomhlaba, kanti abanye bakhetha umsebenzi ohlobene ngokuqondile namandla. Kungakhathaliseki lokhu, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kunamanje okuqhubekayo nokushintshashintshayo. Ngobunjiniyela bokusebenza kagesi, inguqulo yesibili isetshenziselwa kakhulu, ngoba kulula ukuguqula, futhi ama-motors kagesi asekelwe kuwo alula futhi athembekile kakhulu.

I-current alternating is a motion eduze nomqhubi wezinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe, ezishintsha ngesikhathi esithile (izikhathi) eziqondeni nobukhulu. I-wave ye-sine edumile ibonisa kuphela ukuziphatha kwakhe. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ikhona yini i-alternating yamanje, ake sicabangele isimiso sokusebenza sedivayisi elula yokukhiqiza. Isekelwe esimweni sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, okubandakanya ukubonakala kwamanje esigabeni sokuqhuba esivaliwe, esiwela imigqa yamandla kagesi.

Ku-axis, phakathi kwezibonda ezimbili zamagnet (enyakatho naseningizimu), kufakwe uhlaka lwezinto eziphathekayo (ucingo lwethusi). Imikhawulo yayo ixhunywe ngabaxhumanisi be-sliding yomshini wokushayela esiteshini ngomthwalo noma idivaysi yokulinganisa i-voltage. Ifreyimu ingashintsha nge-axis lapho ifakwa khona. Phakathi kwezigxobo zamagnet kukhona imigqa engabonakali yamandla ensimu. Lapho uhlaka lujikelezwa, izinhlangothi zalo ezimbili zihlanganisa le migqa, okwenza kube khona okwamanje. Isizathu sokwehlela kwayo kubangelwa "ukukhipha" insimu yamagnetic yamagetsi avela emigqeni elikude ne-nucleus. Nakuba izikhombisi ze- EMF (amandla kagesi e-electromotive) ezingxenyeni ezimbili ze-intersecting zefreyimu zihlala zingaphambene, uma ubheka uchungechunge lonke, kuyacaca ukuthi ziyi-unidirectional. I-EMF ifinyelela esiphezulu sayo ngesikhathi sokubheka komgwaqo wemigqa yamandla futhi idlulela ku-zero ngelungiselelo elingezansi lezingxenye zefreyimu (khumbula i-sinusoid, futhi ihlukanisa inani le-zero ngezikhathi ezithile). Kuyinto elula.

Yiqiniso, ama-generator wangempela ahamba phambili abheka kanzima kunefreyimu yocingo, kodwa isimiso sokusebenza kwawo kuyafana. Ihange elihambisana ne-windings (empeleni - amafrimu amaningi avela kusibonelo) ajikeleza amandla angaphandle kumkhakha we-stator magnetic: kungaba amandla wamanzi awela; Ukuhamba kwe-steam okudalwe ukushisa kwe- reactor nuclear; Ukucindezela kwemoya, njll. Ngenxa yalokho, i-voltage ibonakala kuma-terminal of windings. Isele ukuxhuma umthwalo futhi okwamanje ukushintsha akuthathi isikhathi eside ukulinda. Ngokuvamile, akukodwa, kodwa izigaba ezintathu zenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Njengoba sekukhonjisiwe kakade, ngaphezu kokuguquguquka, kunamanje okuqondile. Igama layo likhuluma ngokwalo: azikho izinguquko ekuqondeni kwenhlangano. Le samanje iqondiswa njalo kusuka kokunye kuya kokunciphisa. Imithombo yamandla yesibili, isibonelo amabhethri, atholakale njengamanje njengamanje ngokusebenzisa ukuphendula kwamakhemikhali, ngakho-ke inothi "+" nelithi "-". Uma kuqhathaniswa neziguquguquko, inezinombolo eziningi. Ngifuna ukusho ukuthi "izinzuzo nezinkinga", kodwa lokhu akunjalo - "kuyizinto". Isibonelo, i-motor-constant yamanje yenza kube lula ukulungisa ijubane lokujikeleza kwesiguquko, kunokuba isetshenziswe ngendlela ehambayo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuguquguquka kwamavolumu amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe zonke izifunda ze-elektroniki zenzelwe ukusebenza nalolu hlobo lwamanje, ngoba kulula ukulawula. Ukuthola amanje okuqhubekayo okuguquguqukayo kulula kakhulu - kufanele "aqondiswe" ngezinto ezikhethekile ze-semiconductor ( amadididi namabhuloho we-diode). Kukhona i-cutoff ye-sinusoidal ukuphakama ngokushesha emijikelezweni emibili. Imvelo eqhubekayo yokudonsa okwenzekayo yamanje ingahle ishintshwe.