KumiswaIndaba

I-Republic of Venice. I-Republic of St likaMarku: umlando

I Venetian Republic kwamiswa ekupheleni Ngekhulu lesikhombisa eYurophu. Inhlokodolobha okwakuseduze layo umuzi Venice. Ezindaweni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga ye yesimanje Italian Republic akayekile, yakha ikoloni ezilwandle we Marmara, Aegean futhi kweBlack Sea Adriatic. It yayikhona kuze 1797.

ubulungiswa Republican

Esikhathini Isigodlo Doges ku pyantsette wahlala oNgqongqoshe oPhethe Doges, kwakukhona enkantolo. LikaNobhala, ngisho ejele. Ababulawa Republic of Venice zonke izigebengu emphakathini, ngokuvamile ngaphandle incazelo - ubani wabulawa kwaba ngumkhapheli yentshisekelo ngokuhlanganyela.

IziNyathelo - ngokuvamile ku ithiphu - wasebenza Council Undercover ka Eziyishumi. Isikhathi sokugcina bakuleli dolobha yizona ezabona isidumbu phakathi amakholomu pyantsette akunjalo kudala - e 1752, kuze kube yilolu suku kukhona uphawu: phakathi amakholomu uhambe - kungabi kuhle.

Nokho, izidumbu kungase pomereschitsya yonke indawo: at Isigodlo the Doge sika, phezu Arcade yakhe, lapho amakholomu abomvu, okuyinto hung futhi izinsalela ezine ka Uzungu Marino Faliero, ngisho Ethempelini, ekhoneni amakhanda kabani elinqunywe yafakwa embukisweni. Ucezu porphyry, eyasebenza njengodonga usekelo kubo, sisekhona sona. Ngakho, futhi, bamemezela imithetho ukuthi kudingeka ukuba benze ngokuvumelana Republic of Venice. Indaba eside wakhe futsi kwabakhona kuphikisana.

isimo esiyingqayizivele

Okwaqala eyesihlanu yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, ohulumeni cishe, leli zwe akhethwe, futhi, omunye angase athi, intando yeningi. Emuva ngo-466, inani labantu Venice ichibi ukuhlanganisa lo mbono ezingaphelelwa isikhathi. abameleli Nambili abangu abaqokelwe eBhodini wabayishumi nambili ezibaluleke kakhulu kulabo iziqhingi izikhathi ezakha Venice: Bebb, Grado, Heraclea, Caorle, Torcello, Jesolo, le Rialto, Murano, inkambiso, Malamocco, Big futhi Small Chioggia.

Vynuzhdlena Venetian Republic wayelwa kanzima futhi njalo: Odoacer, le Ostrogoths, Eastern uMbuso WamaRoma, ukuba zithi okuphindiwe amaLombard ... It ayeveza isidingo ukubusa okuphakeme. Okokuqala akhethwe doge ngokuphila kwakhe, kodwa ngaphandle kukhulunywa isikhundla sakhe ifa ngonyaka 697. Kwaba Paolo Lucio Anafesto - inhloko saseVenice Republic. Nakuba okhethweni lokuqala ngokuphelele sithuthukise bodokotela kwenzeka 727, lapho doge baba Orseolo.

Ihlola namabhalansi

Venice isimiso sezombangazwe wawuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu indawo elawula uhlelo. Okokuqala, kwakudingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akwenzekanga usurpation kwamandla.

  • Grand Council: umzimba ophakeme ukuthi ikhetha amathiphu eziyisisekelo, izimantshi kanye Doges. Ubulungu kukhawulwe ifa ngaphansi kwesithi "EGolden Book". Inombolo ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene esuka kubantu 400 eziyinkulungwane.
  • Doge: akhethwe phakathi liphethwe San Marco - ehhovisi ukuphila. Eleven izigaba ukhetho. Yenza izinqumo ezimele ayikwazanga amandla elinganiselwe. Ukungakwazi ukuhamba izindawo phesheya.
  • Ithiphu Small: abeluleki eziyisithupha kuya doge kanye namalungu amathathu eBhodi amane.
  • ISigele: amalungu namashumi amabili akhethwe unyaka owodwa nge ilungelo aphinde aqokelwe. Okuningi amalungu namashumi amane ngaphandle amalungelo okuvota. Inhloko iSigele - Collegium nesithupha. Ukuze umkhandlu uzokwazi ukudingida nokuxazulula zonke inqubomgomo ezifuywayo angaphandle.
  • Council amane: iGceke Republic eyathi. It ama-akhawunti futhi sizokunika amacebiso.
  • Ithiphu eziyishumi: cishe Yokuqulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki. ukubhekwa ezikhethekile Doge. Amalunga ukhethelwa isikhathi unyaka iseluleko esihle. Affinity akuvunyelwe. isakhiwo engaziwa ngokuphelele.
  • Okunye izikhungo zikahulumeni: zezentengiselwano professional, brotherhoods zenkolo.

Khetha futhi beba akhethwe ayengakwenza nganoma imuphi umuntu waseVenice kodwa, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi yonke indawo, Doge baba kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu omunye imindeni acebile. amakhetho Kwakungenjalo kuphela Republic of Venice. Umlando uyaziphinda njalo.

Ukuthola Amandla

Ngokusemthethweni, emzini Venice sasitholakala for woMbuso WaseByzantium, isikhathi esifushane Karl Veliky ungeze yona bebodwa, kodwa eqinisweni ubelokhu a wrestling. Isikhundla ephephile futhi wenze nenzuzo. Republic of Venice akuyona nje ukuhweba ngempumelelo kakhulu, kodwa futhi walwa victoriously ikakhulukazi olwandle. Ngenxa yalokho, ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Adriatic Sea futhi iningi Lower Italy baba ingalo doge Venetian.

Zokholo ikakhulukazi ahlanganiswe ubudlelwane ukuhweba, nomuzi Venice waqala bechuma, ukwandisa ithonya Ephakathi futhi eMpumalanga Eseduze. Izimbangi ngaphakathi the bombo of Pisa, Republic City ne-Genoa akakwazanga ancintisane Republic of Doges.

Umkhawulo amalungelo

Noma kunjalo, ngaphakathi Democrats isimo balwisana sina ne aristocrats. Isifiso abanye ukuze ujike republic ku amakhosi ohlanga lezinceku asizange sigcwaliseke. Ngo 1172 yayibizwa ngokuthi zamaphini Council Omkhulu akhethwe ngubani ukuthi kuphulwe umthetho kakhulu emandleni Doges.

emizimbeni Collegial yabetha amagama nezinamba: republic of St. Mark, kangaki yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Republic of Venice Ephakathi, ezidalwe uMkhandlu Wase amane, uMkhandlu Five Hundred, futhi lezi zindikimba abakhethelwa amandla okuqondene dozham, nabo alawule futhi ulawule zonke izenzo umbusi wombuso. Benza republic efanayo oligarchic, elengamele ukhetho.

Kulesi sithombe ingonyama St. uMarku, Evangelist, igama esethiwa lona Cathedral kanye esebenza oPhethe Eziyishumi, okuyinto kufanele uyaziqhenya weRiphabhulikhi Venetian. Elingenamikhono izingalo phambi kwakho.

oligarchy

Uhlelo esetshenziswa kakhulu uhulumeni isikhathi eside kwakukhona impi, kanye oligarchs babe umthombo ongashi uxhaso. Ebolekwe ayimpoqo kanye ukhathazekile ingxenye acebile ukuba iningi labantu. Kwakunzima ukwenqaba noma ukuziba isinqumo ukuthi bahumushela Venetian Republic. Umlando uye walilondoloza Amagama amaqoqo amaningi labo ababezama ukungacasuki, futhi abakuphela kwenzakala elidumile. Noma kunjalo, ibandla jikelele abantu kancane kancane uyekwa futhi wavala. Imithetho kuphela wasebenza ukuze kuzuze ebukhosini.

Ngemva kokunqotshwa waseConstantinople yi Crusaders waya Venice eighths ezintathu insimu yonke uMbuso WaseByzantium futhi wonke esiqhingini saseKrethe. Ngakho, ekupheleni ngekhulu nanhlanu kwaba ocebile hhayi izitha. Phakathi baseVenice amadoda isayensi ubuciko, kunanoma iyiphi enye wombuso. Wanda futhi umkhakha, futhi ukuhweba. Abantu ngokushesha yaceba, ngoba ubengahambisani waklinywa izintela.

izinguquko

Portugal e 1498 wayivula kanjani indlela eya olwandle ukuze zase-East Indies, nomuzi Venice ilahlekelwe zonke izinzuzo ukuhweba esempumalanga. Isperih WaseTurkey wathatha waseConstantinople, wasisusa baseVenice cishe yikho konke ababenako, ngisho e-Albania futhi Negroponte, bese naseKhupro, nase eCandia. Kusukela 1718, kwakhiwa iRepublic of Venice uye cishe zaphela iqhaza ukuhweba global.

Wayengumngane mayelana ezimbili kanye izakhamuzi eziyisigidi nesigamu abahlala Venice uqobo, e eDalmathiya, Istria kanye Ionian Islands. Futhi emva French Revolution kutimela edolobheni yokugcina lalahleka. Bonaparte iqale impi ngo-Republic. Ayikho sokubonisana kanye ezivuna ungazange wasebenza. Venice umaluju ngokuzikhethela kwe-e-1797. ensimini Republic lalihlukene phakathi, kukhona i-Austria, eFrance uMbuso Italy.

Imiphumela

ukuphila Okugcwele owawukhona eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-1100, wanqoba insimu ka eziyinkulungwane mkhulu kunawo owawunesihloko okukhulu kakhulu imikhumbi asolwandle eMedithera, enobutha abaseTurkey kanye uMbuso WaseTurkey, Republic of Venice esiyokhunjulwa njengoba kuqala umbuso wentando yeningi. Iqiniso ukuthi kamuva kwahluleka ukuvikela hhayi kuphela ayenqotshiwe, kodwa futhi inhloko-dolobha yawo - isifundo esifanayo: empini nomakhelwane balo akukho ongcono ukwedlula civil.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 zu.unansea.com. Theme powered by WordPress.