Amazwe ayingxenye yesifunda saseKaliningrad yanamuhla, ayengengxenye ye- East Prussia. Umlando walezizindawo ugcwele imicimbi ehlukahlukene, izikhumbuzo eziningi zomlando zobuciko zigcinwa lapha. Omunye wabo yiSchaaken Castle, eyakhiwe ngekhulu le-13.
Umlando wenqaba
I-Teutonic Order yinhlangano yama-monastic ephakama phakathi nenhlangano yesithathu (ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12). Yile nhlangano eyakhe isakhiwo sokuzivikela, esangena emlandweni wezwe ngaphansi kwegama elithi Shaaken Castle (Saken). Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwalesi sakhiwo kubuyela ngo-1258. Inqaba entsha yaqala ukwakha esakhiweni se-Prussian yasendulo, eyayibizwa nge-Zoke. I-Shaaken yakhiwe ngokuhambisana namasiko we-Teutonic Order. Le nqaba ayikho endaweni ephakeme, kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho - enqabeni yamanzi. Yini ephawulekayo ukuthi indawo efana nale idalwe ngokukhethekile. Abakhi beqhawe bakha idamu, ngenxa yokuthi umswakama waqala ngokuqondile ezizindongeni zenkinga. Futhi lokhu kuyisivikelo esihle esingokwemvelo akukho ukusebenza okuncane kunamanzi ajulile kanye namagundane. Ngokuthakazelisayo, uShaaken wathola igama lakhe ekuhlonipheni indawo ezungezile, ngokwezwi nezwi leli gama elihle lihunyushwe ngokuthi "utshani". Futhi lokhu akumangazi - ngoba emadlanzini lapho kukhona ama-dense ama-sedges amaningi.
Ubukhulu bokuqala benqaba yeShaaken
Ngalesi sikhathi i-fortress yayingaziqhayisa ngezimo ezinhle zenduduzo. I-Schaaken Castle yayine-central system yokushisa. Kanti futhi kwakukhona okugeza okuhlelekile kanye nezindlu zangasese, kuyilapho izidakamizwa zasemanzini zihlanganiswa ngokuqondile ngemuva kwezindonga zenkampu enqabeni. I-layout nayo yacatshangwa ngaphandle - igumbi lokuqala lalihlala lisetshenziselwa izidingo zasendlini, futhi okwesibili nesithathu kwakukhona izixuku. Ngokokuqala ngqá inqaba yathathwa futhi yabhujiswa kakhulu kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16. Futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVI-XVII kwakukhona umlilo omkhulu. Inqaba yabuyiselwa ngokuphelele kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17. Namuhla, ngesikhathi sokuvakashela iKaliningrad, izivakashi zivame ukutshela ukuthi phakathi kwezibalo ezidlule ezivakashele lezi zindawo emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. UShaaken wavakashelwa nguPetru I, kukhona izinkolelo ukuthi inkosi yayijabulele ukulula nokuqineka kwenqaba. Ngenkathi efika noCatherine kanye nabo, kodwa wayengathandi indlu ye-ascetic, akazange eze lapha futhi.
Umlando wamanje wenqaba
Izakhiwo eziningi ezinhle ezinyangeni ezedlule zahlupheka kakhulu noma zanyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba phakathi nokuguqulwa kuka-1917 kanye neGreat Patriotic War. I-Schaaken Castle iyinto ejabulisayo, ayikho neyodwa yezimpi ezibhalwe phansi eyalimaza kakhulu. Ngemuva kwempi, intandane yayisensimini yenkinga, bese kuthiwa izitezi zikhona lapha. Kwakukhona inqaba yasendulo kanye kanye nokuxhumana kwangempela kakhulu. Konke lesi sikhumbuzo sasendulo sasisetshenziswa ngokungenasici futhi sahlala kanjalo ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele nokulungiswa njalo. Kuze kube manje, inqaba iye yafika esimweni esicishe sibe yincithakalo futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, inqaba, ekugcineni yaba nesithakazelo njengesakhiwo sasendulo. Lezi zinxiwa zaqashiswa kubantu abazimele ababehlanganyela ekwakhiweni kabusha kwenqaba futhi banikeza izinkambo ezintsha eKaliningrad ngokuvakashela eShaaken. Kodwa-ke, ekubuyiselweni kwesigaba esincane kakhulu esodongeni lwezinqaba, ukubuyiselwa kwaqedwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinqubo ezidingekayo. Kusukela ngo-2011, inqaba iqhutshwa iSonto Lama-Orthodox YaseRussia.
Uhlelo lokuvakasha namuhla
Vakashela i-fortress yomlando namuhla. Naphezu kokuqothulwa okukhulu, izivakashi zinikwe izinto eziningana ezithakazelisayo ukuze zihlolwe: i- museum yokuhlushwa kweNkantolo YokuCwaninga, ihholo elizinzile, elisha. Ngokungangabazeki, umbono ovamile wenqaba uyisimo esikhethekile. I-Schaaken Castle inikeza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuvakasha, kuhlanganise nokuphila kwasebusuku, lapho ungawajabulela khona ukubuka kwalesi sakhiwo esimangalisayo nge-torchlight. Iqhutshwa ezimpi zezintambo zezinqaba kanye nezinye izinto ezenziwa ngesikhatsi esiphakathi. Izivakashi kukhona indawo yokudlela esitayela lesikhathi esidlule. Yini ejabulisa kakhulu - izindleko zokuvakashela inqaba yasendulo i-ruble ayi-100 kuphela.
Ungafika kanjani enqabeni yeShaaken?
Ikheli lombono wasendulo: Isifunda saseKaliningrad, isifunda saseGuryevsky, umzana waseNekrasovo. Uma uhamba nge-excursion esuka ku-Kaliningrad - ungathenga ukuvakasha okulindelekile kusuka opharetha bendawo. Enye indlela yokuthola izithuthi zomphakathi ukuya edolobhaneni laseNekrasovo, nanoma yimuphi umuntu ohlala khona uzokutshela ukuthi ungafika kanjani eShaaken Castle. Ungafika kanjani ngemoto yangasese? Kusuka eKaliningrad udinga ukuthuthela eNekrasovo, kufanele udlulisele edolobhaneni laseKrabrovo nasePrvolnoye. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa umgibeli, kodwa uma ufuna, kulula ukuhamba ngezindlela zomgwaqo.
Ukubuyekezwa kwezivakashi
Phakathi kwalabo abavakashele uShaaken, kunzima ukuthola abantu abahlala bengenandaba. Inqaba, naphezu kwesimo sayo esinganaki, isimanga futhi ikuvumela ukuba ungene ngokugcwele emkhathini weNkathi Ephakathi. I-museum ye-Inquisition nayo iyathakazelisa kakhulu. Eqoqweni lakhe ungabona izinsimbi zomlando zangempela zokuhlushwa nokuvuselelwa kwanamuhla. Ngenxa yokuphelela, lapha nakhona ungabona izingcezu ezigcotshwe kanye namasaka eziboshwa ezihlushwa. Inhlanhla yangempela ukuza emlandweni phakathi kweminye imikhosi kanye nempi yezokulwa. Uma unethuba, qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela i-Shaaken Castle (esifundeni saseKaliningrad), lokhu kuyabiza, kufinyeleleke kuwo wonke umuntu ukuvakasha, lapho kutholakala khona okuningi okuvelayo okusha!