U-Aristotle, "Poetics": ukuhlaziya emfushane

Omunye edume kakhulu futhi zefilosofi ongqondongqondo ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, u-Aristotle kubhekwe. "Poetics" - kwekulu, kodwa neze umkhiqizo wawo kuphela. Ifa Aristotle nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu ngempela, futhi ukuphila kwakhe - ecebile izenzakalo.

biography

Iningi abafundi nabafundi ukuzwa igama Umfundisi odumile ngesiGreki, ngokuthi amaqiniso amabili; yena waba umfundi ka uSocrates, futhi yena, wafundisa Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Kungokufanayo futhi idume kakhulu u-Aristotle? "Poetics" ngokuqinisekile into liyalondolozwa, wenza igama lakhe kuyo yonke le minyaka, kodwa akuyona into kuphela elingakwazi ishiwo sazi ngabanye. Kuyaziwa ukuthi wazalwa Stagira phakathi 384 kanye 383 BCE eyaziwa Aristotle cishe engamashumi amabili esisichitha sitadisha ku Academy okukhulu kaPlato. Abacwaningi baye bame kwelokuthi, cishe, yena ngokwakhe wafundisa khona isikhathi eside. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, isazi sefilosofi waba umfundisi ngekusasa uMbusi u-Alexander. Mhlawumbe lesi sikhundla , wayesezobashiya lwegciwane, sizana inkosi Macedonian uPhilip II. Yena waba nguyise ka-Alexander. Ngemva emqansweni ngempumelelo hero abasha esihlalweni sobukhosi, u-Aristotle wabuyela ekhaya lakhe, futhi kusukela lapho wathuthela e-Athene. Lapho, wasungula isikole sakhe - "Lyceum". Le nkathi empilweni wesazi sefilosofi ibhekwa njengeBhayibheli ukundlula. Kuningi tetinkhulumomphendvulwano, "Metaphysics", "Yokuziphatha", "Ezombusazwe" - konke lokhu ngesikhathi u-Aristotle wadala. "Poetics" engabe zilotshwé ngazo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Uma ngonyaka 323 BC Alexander eshona, isikhundla wesazi sefilosofi emphakathini usufinyelele kakhulu. Ngo 322 BC Washona.

ekudalweni

Abantu abaningi ezingqondweni inhlangano ngokuqinile ohlezi: Aristotle - "Poetics." Nokho, abengumsunguli wako imisebenzi eminingi. Abakwazi zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: imisebenzi exoteric, wadala ngesimo inkhulumomphendvulwano kanye cishe kuswelekile ukuba umphakathi, futhi imisebenzi ebhalwe kuye kuphela kumbuthano ewumngcingo wabafundi.

"Poetics": imigomo, izinjongo, okuqukethwe

"Poetics" U-Aristotle kafushane Kufinyeta zinkolelo-mbono ezicatshangelwayo kwezincwadi isikhathi bese ubeka eziningi amazinga yobuhle. Kuyinto indatshana lokumiselwe drama. Kunesizathu ukucabanga ukuthi ekuqaleni kwakugcwele izingxenye ezimbili, kodwa wokuqala engafakwanga. Okwamanje, imfundiso ezivamile wukuthi, engxenyeni yokuqala kwenziwa a analysis eningiliziwe comedy. Ekuqaleni imisebenzi Aristotle kunikeza incazelo yakhe igama elithi "Poetics". Noma yimuphi ubuciko, uthi, kusekelwe mimesis, okusho yokulingisa nemvelo. Zonke izinhlobo zezinkondlo, ngokuvumelana-Aristotle, ababonakali ngezikhundla komunye nomunye by izici ezintathu:

1. Bakha ezihlukahlukene izinto.

2. Lokhu kufezwa ngokushintsha izindlela ezihlukahlukene.

3. Ngakho, izindlela ezahlukene ezisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokudlala.

Ngokwesibonelo, avletika futhi kifaristika esekelwe ukuvumelana isigqi, kuyilapho ubuqambi ngamazwi ikakhulukazi isebenzisa temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba futhi imitha. Izinkondlo Amafomu ingase futhi ziyahlukahluka kuye izinhlobo mbumbulu: i amaqhawe - kuba indaba elandiswayo inhloso yalokho okwenzeka ngaphambilini, lyrics zisekelwe okuvelayo subjective yemlandzi, idrama okubonisa izenzakalo Dynamics. Khona-ke sefilosofi linikeza incazelo yakhe abamahlaya nobuhlungu. Eyokuqala - umsebenzi satirizes imikhuba womuntu. Esesibili - yisiphi isinyathelo esiqondile esikhathini esidlule. Ngokombono Aristotle, kwaphakama inhlekelele kusukela Improvisation. Ihlukile, "inkulumo gqizisa", yakhiwa izakhi eziyisithupha: sakhiwo, umcabango, imvelo ebabazekayo, izinhlamvu umbhalo kanye komculo. Lezi zibizwa kabanzi manje ngokuya ngokuthi "peripeteia", "catharsis", "nenhlekelele", "ukuqashelwa", yethulwa ngu-Aristotle. "Poetics", "mpendulo" nezinye imisebenzi yakhe yaba nethonya elikhulu ku- ifilosofi yesimanje.