I Weimar Republic

Umphumela we-Novemba Revolution ka-1918 kwaba ukusungulwa the Weimar Republic eJalimane. Ubethula ngokomthetho livikeleke umthethosisekelo ngo-1919, ngaqala ukuba nenhliziyo encane umJuda Hugo Inani futhi ezamukelwe ngu-German ababamele Assembly, ehlezi Weimar. Iningi ababamele LoMhlangano ngesikhathi lalakhiwa 3 amaqembu Republican: German Democratic, Social-Democrats kanye nendawo.

Weimar uMthethosisekelo kuhlanganisiwe amaphuzu ebalulekile elandelayo:

• wokhetho lobumengameli Kwakuseshwa njalo eminyakeni eyisikhombisa;
• Okhethweni oluzokuba ephalamende (Reichstag) - njalo eminyakeni 4;
• ekwandiseni amandla kuhulumeni;
• ukuvikela amalungelo eziyisisekelo izakhamuzi.

Ngakho, umthetho-sisekelo elisungulwe lizwe republic, esebenze izimiso ka federalism kanye nentando yeningi ePhalamende. Iinjamiso ezitholakala kule dokhumenti kakhulu lathathwa Frankfurt uMthethosisekelo ka-1848

Germany esikhathini kusuka 1919 kuya 1933 endaweni umthethosisekelo ebizwa ngokuthi Weimar Republic. umengameli wayo wokuqala kwaba Social Democrat Friedrich Ebert, owayesesimweni amandla kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe, okungukuthi, kwaze kwaba ngo-1925. Yena salandelwa ozobhapathizwa ilungelo - yangaphambili Field Marshal Hindenburg.

Kakade 20s kuya kombuso wentando yabantu kwakukhona bangabethembi. Lokhu kwakubangelwa kwezimo ezinzima iSivumelwano SaseVersailles, izidingo ngemva kwempi, izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali ophikelelayo, a ubhekene nokuwa komnotho abukhali. Izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali kwakhuphuka 15 November 1923, lapho US dollar angizisoli 4.2 isigidintathu amamaki. Ngesikhathi Treasury akazange abe nesikhathi ngisho ukuphrinta imali yamaphepha nhlangothi zombili, futhi ngakho izikweletu ekhona wanyathela amaqanda nje xaxa.

I Weimar Republic ayedabula nezikhathi ezinzima. Ngenxa yalokho, umphakathi lwaqhekeka ku ngokwedlulele kwesokunxele bese kakhulu amaqembu kwesokudla-wing ukudala siqu izinhlangano zabo paramilitary. Ngo-1920, izwe wathatha Kapp putsch, okwaphumela ukubulala osopolitiki eziningi. Noma yimuphi izinkantolo imfihlo "Feme" abantu, ngokubona izinhlangano komhlaba, bagwetshelwa ukufa. Phakathi khona lwekhabethe republic sika salandelwa izikhathi 21, kuyilapho Reichstag kabusha akhethwe izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili.

Weimar Republic kwakuxhomeke inqubomgomo angaphandle of yohulumeni bangaphandle. Ikakhulukazi asebenzayo maqondana eJalimane, eFrance, lapho i-eyikhulu Useke wadlula Ukuhlasela ezine amaJalimane. Zonke izenzo zakhe ayehloselwe buthaka republic, ukuphoqelela njengoba nje ukulinganiselwa kungenzeka futhi yokulungisa umonakalo ukuba kusebenze yokuhlukanisa yezwe. Britain akafunanga kuyadamba ngokweqile Weimar Republic neFrance inzuzo. Ezibuthakathaka umnotho eJalimane kuvimbe Ukuvulwa ezimakethe kanye yokuthengisa kwezimpahla British.

Ezinye kutepolitiki yafinyelelwa ngo-1924. Futhi ngcono izimo zomnotho. Ngo-1925, ngenxa yenqubomgomo angaphandle Gustav Stresemann kwaphethwa ngokuthi Lokkarnsky inkontileka, ukuze athole eduze kweJalimane neFrance, futhi ngo-1926, Weimar Republic wajoyina iNhlangano Yezizwe.

Ngo-1929 kwaba khona le inhlekelele yembulunga yonke kwezomnotho, okuyinto ongemuhle le Weimar Republic, kwaba ukuqala ukuwa yayo. Izwe sasishwabene ukuphila kwezomnotho, isibalo sabantu abangasebenzi safinyelela 6.000.000. Ukwehla jikelele kanye nokuntuleka kwamathuba omsebenzi esetshenziswa ezizivelelayo sokunene nesobunxele. Amagumbi ayedinga baqhubeka ukwesekwa Reichs uMongameli benawo amandla eqinile umthethosisekelo. Kusukela ngo-1930, ithonya elandayo ukunyakaza National Socialist kwe-Adolf Hitler, okwathi ngo-1932 saba omunye amaqembu amakhulu. Ngo-July 1932 okhethweni Reichstag izihlalo 601 iqembu benqoba izihlalo 230.

Wasinda Weimar Republic eJalimane kuze 1933, ngaphambi kokumiswa ubushiqela undlovukayiphikiswa. Hitler waba yishansela kusukela January 30, 1933