Ibhomu lenuzi - olunye lwezimpawu wentuthuko engokwesayensi?

1945 kwaphawulwa hhayi kuphela ekunqobeni oMfelandawonye e seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili phezu eJalimane lobuNazi nabasizi balo, kodwa futhi nangenye senzakalo esibalulekile. Amabili emadolobheni Japanese babhujiswa amabhomu amabili nje, kwaba yilelo nalelo. Isintu siye enkathini entsha. Yaqala yenuzi.

A ibhomu lenuzi nge funny igama "Umfanyana" kwaba kwenkokhelo yokuqala adalwe zesayensi, abangela emikhulu ukubhujiswa kwesitha isicelo ngakho ngempumelelo ekulweni. izindiza sezomlando B-29, ukuze afeze lesi sabelo, kubalulekile kule American Museum of Aviation futhi Astronautics, e yakhe ophucuziwe duralumin ibhodi liqoshwe igama induna umama umkhumbi, Enola Gay, efana Kulokhu. Agasti 6 Punch wokuqala, kwesibili ngo-izinsuku ezintathu, emzini Nagasaki osekwenziwe. Lokhu ibhomu lenuzi futhi unegama ezihlekisayo - "Fat Man".

Ibhomu lokuqala lamiswa lilula, 'inganono "isimiso. Sekucala supercritical ka-uranium yafakwa isiqu ucezu wezikhali kusuka izibhamu omkhumbi, nasesikhathini breech we icala, dala ezidingekile ukuvela ukusabela chain seal yayo. ibhomu lenuzi waba ubude ngamamitha amathathu nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani amane, futhi isisindo ukulwa ophethe i-uranium zaba 64 khilogremu, zazo asabela ngayo mayelana 700 kuphela amagremu. Zonke ezinye isisindo izingalo Kwakwethusa esuka wathi emgqonyeni ucezu, igobolondo, stabilizers fuses nezinye izinto eziseceleni.

kahle okuphansi, okuyinto wahlupheka ibhomu lokuqala enuzi kwaba imbangela elincane radiology ukungcoliswa inhlabathi futhi encane salokhu ikilasi izikhali amandla okubhubhisa, ulinganiswa izinkulungwane zamathani TNT okudingekayo ukuze abangele umonakalo onjalo. I "kid" cishe kwakuyihora 15 000 wamathani. Ukuze uqhathanise - the Inkokhelo esiphezulu kuyafana "Superfortress" B-29 kwaba amathani 9. Eminyakeni emine nengxenye yalesi webhomu kwakuyodingeka benze nokuhlasela nsuku zonke ukuba isitha wokubhujiswa ezinjalo.

Isintu uye wafuna njalo phezulu futhi phambili, uzama muhle uqobo, futhi ikakhulukazi emkhakheni amadivayisi kukho ukubhubha zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ros TNT okulingana, isicelo ubuchwepheshe obusha "egqinsiwe" nezinye izixazululo elihlakaniphile yokuthuthukisa ratio Effects "ewusizo" izikhali athomu.

I apogee we amandla okubhubhisa adalwe zesayensi, kwaba "umkhiqizo AN 602". Hhayi ukuthi kwakunzima ukwakha okuthile nakakhulu esabekayo, ungavele uzizwe kuyoba ndawo.

I ibhomu lenuzi elinamandla kunawo emlandweni isiko futhi lethiwa siqu, nakuba ngokwethukela, "incumbe" noma "Kuzka". Kuyinto ekudalweni kwazo zonke ezisengozini ukukhombisa baseMelika NS Khrushchev, futhi ngesikhathi XXII iCongress of the CPSU (1961) wasigcina isithembiso sakhe.

Ekuqaleni, njengokuthi "bang" ka megatons 100, kodwa ngizisole Norilsk Iron and Steel Works. Savumelana phezu kwesigamu okulingana. ibhomu obuphelele - amamitha nambili ububanzi - emibili nengxenye, umzimba lamahubo lilingana, kusukela stomegatonnoy futhi bombolyuk ezivamile Tu-95 kungahlali, kwadingeka ukuba kancane Ukunquma emaphethelweni bese ususa ngaphambili esigqokweni. Umthelela lidlule wonke amathemba, igagasi ukushaqeka esabalala iplanethi kathathu.

Nokho, kamuva kwaba sobala ukuthi ibhomu lenuzi lempi ezinjalo ayidingeki, kwezidingo zayo ilitshe kuyinkinga, futhi ngandlela-thile amacala kangako angabangela umonakalo abaphikisi ezingaphezu kweyodwa ukuqhuma elikhulu.

Kwethenjwa ukuthi umlando ukungqubuzana enuzi kanye ukuqedela amabhomu amabili lokuqala lehla ngo-1945.