Ibhayisikili: isakhiwo, izinhlobo, ukwakhiwa, izingxenye ezisele. kudivayisi ibhayisikili

Hamba (aka ibhayisikili) - imoto esiwusizo kakhulu futhi ukhululekile ukuthi ngokuqinile empilweni yomuntu yesimanje. Minyaka yonke inani Abahamba emigwaqweni edolobheni ukhula, okuyinto izindaba ezinhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunabantu ngabo ukuba ibhayisikili akuyona nje indlela wokujikeleza futhi iyini injongo yokuphila futhi indlela eyinhloko abahola. Isibalo ezemidlalo zochwepheshe ne ibhayisikili namuhla futhi ukuba mikhulu.

Kungakhathaliseki libhayisikili (futhi has impela izinhlobo ezimbalwa), isakhiwo zalo eziyisisekelo uhlala ingashintshiwe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ke ulula, njenganoma yiluphi nobunye ubuchwepheshe, kukhona eziningi umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama. Namhlanje sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe isakhiwo se-ibhayisikili futhi izakhi nomklamo walo.

Uhlaka

Thanda imoto, ibhayisikili has a isakhiwo umthwalo esindayo, lapho ogibele zonke ezinye izinto. Lo mklamo ibizwa ngokuthi uhlaka. It Frames ukubukwa okubangelwa ukuqokwa kwe-ibhayisikili, futhi umphumela wawo izinga lempilo zenkonzo yalo.

Uhlaka uhlaka okwedayimane, ashiselwe kusukela izakhi ezifana:

1. Ngaphambili tube (engenhla, yehlisa).
2. Isihlalo tube.
3. izimpaphe Upper.
4. Chainstays.

Abeve axhunyiwe, ubona Emfanekisweni ongezansi.

ungathola okuningi ongakhetha ozimele on the ibhayisikili emakethe yesimanje. Basuke luhlukaniswe amakilasi alandelayo:

1. City.
2. Intaba.
3. Road yamahhashi.
4. Ezemidlalo.
5. Trick.

Umehluko emkhatsini izinhlobo ibhayisikili Uhlaka ungaboniswa hhayi kuphela ukubukeka kwayo, kodwa futhi ekukhiqizeni izinto, amandla izici, kanye nesisindo.

Ogcwele futhi ukusonga

Amabhayisikili kungaba anobude obuphelele ukusonga. umehluko zokugcina uwukubonakaliswa khona okungenani oyedwa umphetho lapho Uhlaka kungenziwa eligoqiwe. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukuthutha kwezithuthi zomphakathi noma zangasese. Ukwenza ibhayisikili abavamile, isibonelo, kwemithwalo gumbi izimoto ezithwala, kubalulekile ukuqaqa. emabhayisikili egoqekayo zinhle ngokuya ezokuthutha, kodwa ziphansi ogcwele onobuhle ukusebenza endleleni nokwethembeka. Ngokuvamile, lokhu amateur emabhayisikili umuzi, okuyinto ungenzi izimfuno eliphezulu ngesivinini kanye namandla. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi Abahamba amateur wajabulela alo ibhayisikili "Stealth". Uzokwenza kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ibhayisikili yesimanje zezikhali ukuthutha ngemoto kungaba imizuzu embalwa. Ngesikhathi ukuhlangana kuzothatha amaminithi ambalwa ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, emabhayisikili ukusonga ithengwe kancane kaningi.

Uhlaka impahla

Indaba yokwakhiwa uzimele, iyona kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthi ibhayisikili futhi inquma inani layo. Ukuze emabhayisikili zanamuhla zisebenzisa steel, aluminium carbon ozimele.

Steel uvame esetshenziselwa emabhayisikili edolobheni. Indaba libhekene amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye ukumelana ukucindezeleka mechanical. Ububi uzimele steel kuyinto isisindo sayo nakalula abampofu. Konke lokhu kunomphumela omubi phezu Dynamics libhayisikili.

Aluminium - eqinile, ukukhanya kanye material nezimo. Aluminium ozimele, njengoba kuqhathaniswa nabalingani steel babe ashukumisayo kangcono futhi amortization. Inani kunjalo futhi ephakeme.

Carbon - carbon fibre, esetshenziswa ukwenza ezibizayo ibhayisikili ozimele. Kuqhathaniswa metal analogue ozimele carboxylic ikakhulukazi amandla, ukuqina, umthelela ukumelana, ukudlala futhi maneuverability.

amasondo

Elibalulekile ingxenye ibhayisikili kuyinto isondo. Baqhuba uzimele sesimweni okuqotho nangokukhuluma ukujikeleza ibhayisikili phambili kunyakaza. Leli sondo kuhlelwe nje ngokwanele. It aqukethe icala, usebe futhi ekamelweni isondo.

Bushing - ngumgogodla isondo eyayakhiwa amabombo oluvala amasondo kanye washers. Injongo eyinhloko ye-bushing - ukwesekwa umsebenzi ne torque. Ngesikhathi ezingemuva emikhonweni kudivayisi kwangaphakathi kunokukwenza phambili ngoba ohilelekile isondo unwinding. On the amamodeli komgwaqo ukwakhiwa elula, ihabhu ezingemuva okwengeziwe ukubopha ehlangene. ezingemuva isivinini isondo ibhayisikili isakhiwo ungachazwa ukuthi sprockets ihabhu ukukhwezwa gearshift. Isikhwama kwamaplanethi futhi ibekwe indlela ezifihliwe ngoba kwethunzi.

Rim - indandatho okuyinto nasezinsikeni ihabhu ngu spokes. I-geometry ka usebe kanye nezinga isondo ukungezwani-eyakhuluma ngaso sibizwa kunqunywa ukumelana imithwalo ashukumisayo futhi umonakalo. Nezinsimbi ngoba wafaka amasondo ebhayisikili zenziwa aluminium, kanye spokes - eyenziwe Alloys ukukhanya. Amabhithi ushintsha isimo esishubile spokes ngokufanele kwi ingxenye usebe.

Ikhamera (ibhasi) - a iraba sihloko ozwakala lapho uhlezi phezu usebe futhi ulele ne air. Phezu kwesivalo sebhokisi ekamelweni kuthiwa esikhulu. Ngakho, i-elementi kuphela ekamelweni okungukuthi nabo "izwe ngaphandle", kuyinto ingono, lapho ekamelweni is Ayihaba nge emoyeni. Ukuze ngeke ezilimele isondo phezu kwamakhanda spokes ngaphakathi kwesiyingi ligamanxa iraba kwamaphiko.

ITire - igobolondo esivikela isondo emathonyeni mechanical kudala traction. Isivalo siqukethe buhlalu, sidewall futhi yimpandla. Kuye uya khona ibhayisikili, yona ifakwe omunye izinhlobo ezine amathayi:

1. Slicks futhi poluslik. Isetshenziswa ku emabhayisikili komgwaqo, imigwaqo bushelelezi.
2. Road. It has an yimpandla isilinganiso. Ifanele onguthelawayeka futhi emigwaqweni ewubhuqu.
3. Bukhali. Yiba liphinyiselwe yimpandla iphethini futhi yakhelwe imigwaqo esezintabeni.
4. Hybrid. Kancane nolaka ezingaphezu kuka amathayi emgwaqeni, kodwa hhayi kakhulu ngendlela entabeni passable.

Ukuze ibhayisikili ukubonakala ebumnyameni, ukubeka spokes izakhi lembhali - reflectors owolintshi noma obomvu.

ekuphambukeni

ibhayisikili siqhutshwa ngokusebenzisa inhlangano ayo. Siqukethe lezi zinto:

1. Fork.
2. Ikholomu ayo.
3. Stem.
4. Ngqo isondo.

Isakhiwo ekuphambukeni ibhayisikili is hhayi lukhuni. I-plug kuyinto node Lesisemkhatsini phakathi phambi isondo futhi isondo. Ngosizo induku igibele ngaphambili ingilazi uzimele. Isikhumba sifakwe ngaphakathi ekuphambukeni, futhi isondo is elikulo nge umlenze lugs (ukushiya). Ukuze uxhume iwaphe- ngokukhululekile ngenkathi turning in ingilazi ukukhwezwa eziqondisa ikholomu. Kuhlanganisa: amapuleti engenhla nengezansi, amabombo kanye amasongo esaziwa. Cup noma ocindezelwe noma screwed ku intambo engaphakathi ingilazi. Ring igibele induku eyaphenduka firmly nquma ikholomu ayo.

amasondo ayo

Wheel Steering inezigaba ezimbili: ipayipi evundla kabili induku mpo (ukususwa). Kuye ovundlile ipayipi goba, kunezinhlobo ezinjalo isondo ibhayisikili:

1. Okuqondile.
2. Eligobele phansi.
3. I phezulu lwalugobile.
4. "Baran".

Nokuthutha kuyingxenye Lesisemkhatsini phakathi tube evundla kabili isondo ukulungisa tube. Uyena onqumayo ibanga phakathi kwesondo futhi uzimele. The eside stem, yindawo evundlile ngaphezulu ukuba umgibeli ngenkathi ushayela. Zebhayiskili design elula ayizami ukususwa.

amortization

Damping ngokuthi ibhayisikili ikhono nokunciphisa kunyakaza Damping kanye uthuthumele. Traditional cushioning uhlelo Itholakala phambi ekuphambukeni. Ukwehla kwentengo Imigudu zitholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningana:

1. Spring.
2. Spring-Elastomeric.
3. Air-uwoyela.
4. Spring-uwoyela.

Ubude unhlangothi ekuphambukeni, Abuya rate ukukhiya ezilungisiwe esebenzisa izakhi ezikhethekile. Imigudu ezingenziwanga ifakwe uhlelo ukumiswa, ngokuthi eqinile. Basuke esetshenziselwa onguthelawayeka futhi umgwaqo onobuhle. Ngaphezu ukwehla okujwayelekile, emabhayisikili entabeni kungenziwa umshini wokuphehla ezengeziwe ukushaqeka ngemuva, okwenza kungabi kunyakaza ifreyimu uma ushayela semfene.

ukudluliswa

Transmission libhekisela izakhi, ngaphandle okuyinto ngeke iye ngebhayisikili. Isakhiwo kwale nhlangano, njengoba kuqhathaniswa nezinye, sinzima futhi inani elikhulu izindlela. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama:

1. Senqola.
2. Izinkanyezi ehola.
3. Cranks.
4. Isinyathelo.
5. Chain.
6. Báqondiswa izinkanyezi.
7. inkinobho isivinini.
8. Izinhlamvu zemali.

Ngezansi ubakaki inhlangano ibekwa aphansi ingilazi uzimele. Isakhiwo elula ibhayisikili ukuthutha. It ukhonza njengelungu iphuzu ukuhlobana chainring kanye crank pair. Ngenxa eziveza esinqunyiwe, okuyinto zifakwa ngokusebenzisa-axis, ukuthutha kuqinisekisa Ukujikeleza nzile ihamba, ngaphandle kokuvala. Amakalishi kukhona ezinhlobo ezimbili: amabombo ovulekile futhi Igobolondo.

Ama-rod yokuxhuma zenzelwe ukuxhuma inqola ahamba ngebhayisikili. Bangakwazi ogibele isikwele noma entabeni splined. Ngenduku ezifakwe ngaphambili sprocket (noma sprockets) okuyinto ogibele omunye wabo (kwesokudla).

Pedal - a footrest, okuyinto ayihambi ngokusebenzisa izinduku yokuxhuma amandla mechanical kuya ukuthutha. Kuye isicelo, ihamba kukhona izinhlobo ezifana:

1. Classic. Amateur efakwe emabhayisikili. izicathulo ukubandakanyeka kwenzeka luyingxenye ngenxa friction.
2. Imininingwane. Have ifaka esikhethekile contact nabo amabhayisikili izicathulo.
3. Okwedlulele. Elinesimo ezibanzi surface futhi faka latches.
4. Nge wayibhinca.
5. isinyathelo Mini.

Engemuva Transmission izinkanyezi anamekwe ihabhu labaqaphi elingemuva. izinkanyezi eziningana kufanele emuva kwenye phambi. Izinkanyezi yobukhulu encane banesibopho kwamagiya ephakeme, futhi ezinkulu - for the ongaphakeme.

Chain kudlala indima elihlanganisa phambili (ehamba phambili) futhi bakhulise (eliqhutshwa) izinkanyezi. Isakhiwo ngesivinini ibhayisikili kuhlukile anakho yayingaphambi nangemuva kwabo ngumuntu izinkanyezi ambalwa. Nge ukushintshwa, kukhona Simoni yochungechunge komunye inkanyezi kwenye. I izishintsha zilawulwa uhlamvu ibekwe amasondo ayo. Oxhumana phakathi zemali kanye inkinobho senzeka nge idrayivu amakhebuli. Izinhlobo isivinini inkinobho ngesithuthuthu ziyingcosana; Zemali kungaba isigwedlo kanye sigubhu. On ibhayisikili nomunye igiya, akukho ukushintshwa, futhi front futhi bakhulise isendaweni inkanyezi eyodwa.

amabhuleki

Amabhuleki isimiso esibaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle okuyinto it is hhayi Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ibhayisikili. Isakhiwo ukubopha zingase zihluke. Kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu ibhayisikili ukubopha izinhlelo:

1. Rim (aka "Vi-breykovyh" noma "imikhaza").
2. Disc.
3. Drum-emkhonweni.

Rim ukubopha - kudivayisi ifakwe emihlathini okuyinto bamba a usebe isondo, ngokucindezela isigwedlo esisogwini esisezimpondweni. "Imikhaza" efakiwe endaweni wamaphiko obandayo (izihlangu ukuvikela umgibeli kusukela ngendiza siya Amasondo udoti). Lezi amabhuleki ingasetshenziswa kokubili ngokuzimela kanye esihambisana yezinye izinhlobo.

Kwabhoboka disc kuhlelwe more xaka. Siqukethe disc (unyathela amabhuleki ebusweni eqondiswa ihabhu isondo), i-caliper kanye actuator (s intambo isigwedlo). On the caliper ukubopha pads inamathelisiwe, okuyinto bamba disc ngokucindezela inkinobho esisogwini amasondo ayo. Disc amabhuleki ngaphezulu "ophendulayo" ukuphendula ngokucindezela isigwedlo, njengoba izicathulo zabo unhlangothi ezincane. Lezi amabhuleki kungaba lula mechanical ezingcono - wokubacindezela.

Drum-coaster amabhuleki Uyi esifuze esidlule, kodwa namanje ogibele emabhayisikili endleleni elula. Drum itholakala khona ihabhu labaqaphi elingemuva. Lapho ukushova reverse elulele pads, okuyinto, uyeza mbeni ebusweni zokusebenza, isondo imisiwe.

sehhashi

Lona isici elula, kodwa kuyize ukucabanga ibhayisikili ngaphandle kwalo. Isakhiwo esihlalweni kucishe yezinhlobo ezahlukene emabhayisikili. Umehluko ungase ube mkhulu esime, ububanzi, ubude umsungulo. On the ibhayisikili yezemidlalo wabophela ewumngcingo, oblong futhi eliqinile. Futhi amateur ezifana ukusonga "Stealth" ibhayisikili, isibonelo, zingabantu ububanzi futhi ezithambile. Abanye onobuhle ngaphezu kwalokho ukucwasana phansi. Isihlalo ogibele okuthunyelwe esihlalweni, okuyinto iza tube efanayo futhi aboshezelwa by indlela ekhethekile. Umumo we probe e ipayipi kubangela ukuphakama ride.

isiphetho

Njengoba ubona, isithuthuthu, isakhiwo esixoxe ngokuningiliziwe namhlanje, ngakho ayilula kangako. Ngokusho kohlelo ngenhla zonke izindaba ukusebenza. Futhi ngisho imiklamo yokuqala amabhayisikili, okuzenzela zihluke kuphela ebukhoneni izakhi ezengeziwe.