I-Mariana Trench

I-Mariana Trench, noma njengoba kubizwa nangokuthi, i- Mariana Trench ibhekwa ngokufanele njengeyona ndawo engavamile futhi engenakufinyeleleka emhlabeni wethu. Lona lijulile kunazo zonke izindawo eziyaziwayo geographical izinto e- Pacific Ocean. Ukujula kwalo cishe ngamakhilomitha ayishumi nanye, okucacile, kuyafana no-10994 ± 40 m. Umfula waseMarian ungaseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeMariana Islands (11 ° 21'0 "N no-142 ° 12'0" E. ), Ubude bale ncindezelo ngu-2926 km, nobubanzi bezansi buya kusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-5 km. Eningizimu esiqhingini saseGuam Mariana Archipelago, ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angu-320, liqopha iphuzu elijulile laleli khoba - i-Challenger Abyss. Ukucindezeleka kutholakala endaweni yokujoyina ama- tectonic amapuleti asePacific nasePhilippines , eduze komgwaqo wephutha.

Ukuya phansi ngaphansi komfula waseMariana

Indoda iyingxenye yokuhlonipha imvelo kanti iMariana Trench ayiyona into. NgoJanuwari 23, 1960. Abantu baqale behlela ukwehla kule ndawo engavamile. Abesilisa ababili abanesibindi baba yi-US Navy lieutenant Don Walsh kanye nososayensi uJacques Picard. Ngosizo lwe-bathyscaphe "Trieste" bakwazi ukuhlehla ekujuleni kwamamitha angu-10 918. Njengoba kunjalo, ngisho nasekujuleni okunjalo kukhona ukuphila - abacwaningi bamangala lapho bethola inhlanzi ephahleni, kuze kufike ku-30 cm ubude, efana nokubonakala okukhulu.

Ekupheleni kukaMashi 1995, uhlelo lwe-Kaiko-Japanese lwamiswa eMarian Trench. Wafinyelela ekujuleni okusha kwamamitha angu-10911.4 futhi wathatha amasampula lapho ososayensi bathola khona i-trustaminifera - izinto eziphilayo ezilula kakhulu.

Eminyakeni emine kamuva, umkhumbi wamanzi "iNereus" (i-Nereus) waguqa phansi emgodini, ekujuleni kwamamitha angu-10,902. Lesi sikhathi, ngaphezu kokuqoqa amasampuli ezansi ezansi, kungenzeka ukudubula ividiyo bese wenza izithombe eziningana.

UJacob Cameron, umkhiqizi waseCanada owenza ubuciko obunjalo njengeTitanic, Avatar, Terminator, Aliens, ngo-Mashi 26, 2012 ku-bathyscaphe ngegama eliqhoshayo Deepsea Challenger, wafinyelela ku-Abhayss Challenger, waba ngumuntu wesithathu , Ngubani owazama ukwehla ekujuleni okukhulu kangaka. Lapho, kusukela ekufayeleni ngefomethi ye-3D, eyasebenza njengesisekelo sefilimu yombhalo wesayensi, ekhonjiswe kusiteshi "National Geographic".

Lapho, futhi, kukhona ukuphila

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-Mariana Trench ingaba yisihluthulelo sokuhlukanisa imvelaphi yokuphila emhlabeni wethu, futhi mhlawumbe ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yemisebenzi ejulile yamanzi kaJacob Cameron, yaziwa ngezici ezintsha zokuphila eziyinqaba.

Kwakukhona ukuthi ngaphezu kwamabhaktheriya nama-microorganisms, phansi komgogodla kukhona ama-crayfish, kornozhenki, ama-gastropod mollusks, ama- invertebrates nama-shells asekelwe ku-chitin, ngisho nenhlanzi engakwazi ukushaya ngamazinyo amakhulu, amehlo ajikelezayo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kanye nezimpande ezibukhali esikhundleni sezingcingo. Ngezansi godu wathola amazinyo we-megalodone - u-shark omkhulu wama-prehistoric. Kukholelwa ukuthi umlomo walesi silo ngobubanzi ubude ngamamitha angu-2, ubude bawo babuyizingamitha ezingu-24, nesisindo - cishe amathani ayikhulu ...

Ingcindezi yokucindezeleka, amandla okucindezelwa okungaphezu kuka-1100 izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesimo esivamile, okuyizinto eziphilayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane eziphilayo. Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, kulapha ukuthi izimpande ze-metabolism zifihliwe - lezo ezingabangela izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezibangele ukuvela komhlaba, futhi, cishe kungenzeka, impilo yangaphandle, nangaphakathi kwemingcele yelanga.

Ngonyaka owedlule, ama-oceanologists akha ibalazwe lesithathu eliphansi futhi manje anombono onembile wokuthi uhlobo luni lweMariana. Ama-video namavidiyo atholakele kusuka ekudizeni nasezikhathini ze-satellites, sinethemba lokuthi ekugcineni uzovumela ososayensi ukuba bagcwalise izindawo ezimhlophe emlandweni womhlaba.