Iziqhingi Ezinkulu: incazelo, indawo, geography

Kunezindawo eziningi eplanethi yethu ezithakazelisayo hhayi kuphela kubacwaningi kanye nososayensi, kodwa nakwabahambi abajwayelekile. Lezi yizintaba eziphakeme, amahlathi angenakunqandwa, imifula esiphepho. Kodwa kulesi sihloko sizokwazisa ezintabeni ezinkulu zomhlaba. Ungacabangi ukuthi lezi zindawo ezinkulu azijabuli kakhulu ukufunda. Ngemuva kokufunda isihloko sethu, uzoqonda ukuthi lo mbono uyiphutha.

Zikuphi iziLwandle Ezinkulu?

I-plateaus ephakeme engenamkhawulo iphakathi kweCordilleras entshonalanga kanye naseThafeni eliPhakathi empumalanga. Abacwaningi banika igama lale nsimu - amaThafa Akulu. Izwekazi laseNyakatho Melika lidume kakhulu ngamaCentral Plains, kodwa amaThafa amakhulu ahlonishwa yizindawo eziphakeme kakhulu, izimo ezinomile kanye nokuqina kwamadwala ase-sedimentary. Ngaphansi kokuqina kwamadwala nezinhlanzi ezinjengama-loess, kunezingxenye zamadwala asePaleogene naseCretaceous. Njengoba lapha kakhulu izimila ezisehlathini, amaThafa Amakhulu ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi i-plateau yePrairie.

Isimo sezulu sezwekazi, indawo (ephakeme kakhulu) ngaphezu kwezinga elwandle, ukuguguleka okulula kwemhlabathi kuye kwaba yizizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokukhukhula komhlaba kulezi zindawo. Isici esivelele kunazo zonke zokukhululeka yimifula. Ukwehla kwesinye isikhathi kufinyelela esayizi elikhulu - izinkulungwane zamahektare ezinhlabathi ezivundile ziphenduke zibe yiBedlands.

Iziqhingi Ezinkulu: ubukhulu

Le plateau yasePedmont eCanada nase-USA itholakala empumalanga yezintaba ze-Rocky. Ukuphakama kwalo kuvela kumamitha angu-800 ukuya ku-1,700 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ubude buyizinkulungwane ezintathu namakhulu ayisithupha amakhilomitha. Ububanzi buvela ngamakhilomitha angamakhulu ayisihlanu kuya kwangu-8. Imephu ibonisa ukuthi lena yindawo enkulu - amaThafa Akulu. Indawo yabo ingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-1300000.

Ukukhulula

Iziqhingi zelungiselwe amakhilomitha angu-3600 ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Ziyinsimu engavamile. Ezweni laseCanada (umfula waseSaskatchewan) uhlala engxenyeni esenyakatho - e-Alberta plateau. Lapha, izinhlobo ze-moraine zokukhululeka zibaluleke kakhulu. I-plateau ihlukaniswe nemifula ehlathini esesenhlabathini ye-sod-podzolic. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwe-aspen ngayinye.

Esigodini saseMissouri (eMissouri plateau), kunesihluthulelo se-wavy moraine ngokuqothulwa okunamandla okukhulu, izimila ezisehlathini ezivela e-aspen nase-birch copses, ezihlukaniswe ngotshani. Indawo efana naleyo ejwayelekile kwi-Ishim steppe (eSiberia YaseNingizimu). Engxenyeni ephakathi kwenqaba kukhona uchungechunge lwe-moraines yokugcina.

Engeningizimu ye-plateau yaseMissouri yiyona enqabeni yamaThafeni Aphakeme. Lezi zindawo azithintekile yi-glaciation; Ubuso buhlakazwa yimifula, kancane kancane. Ayikho imifino ehlathini lapha - kule plateau kunezitshalo ezixubene, ezithwala imifula. Kulesi sigaba iziLwandle Ezinkulu sezilokhu zihlwanyelwe, kanti ukuguguleka kwamanzi lapha kuqhubeka ikakhulukazi.

Eseningizimu yi-plateau yaseLlano Estacado. It has relief relief, okuyinto kwezinye izindawo ihlanjululwa nge karst funnels. Izitshalo zale plateau yi-steppe, lapha ungathola yuccas yedwa kanye ne-columnar cacti.

Ngaseningizimu yeThafeni Elikhulu yi-Plwarau e-Edwardian, efana nezindawo ezizungezile zaseMexico ezinezici zayo ezincane (i-yucca, i-cactus). Leli qhafaza lihlukunyezwa futhi lihluke kakhulu emhlabathini we-chestnut.

Umhlaba wezilwane

Izigwamandla ezinkulu, indawo enkulu kakhulu, zihlukaniswa yizilwane ezihlukahlukene, ezihlobene ngokuqondile nemvelo. Engxenyeni esenyakatho ungathola i-bison e-steppe, i-antelope ye hornhorn, ezindaweni eziseningizimu nephakathi nendawo ehlala ipulazi, impisi, izinja zasendle. Kusukela ezinyoni yizinhlanzi ezivamile ze-steppe kanye ne-meadow grouse.

I-Plain yaseRussia

Ochwepheshe bavame ukubiza le nsimu i-East European Plain. Lena ingcebo yangempela yemvelo yaseRussia. Zahlulele ngokwakho: esisekelo salo sinolahle, amalahle, amafutha negesi yemvelo, nezinye izinsiza eziwusizo. Umhlabathi wawo ovundile, ngokusho kochwepheshe, ungadla kalula amaRussia.

I-Great Plain yaseRussia ithatha indawo yesibili ngokuqondene nomhlaba emhlabeni, okwesibili kuphela ehlathini laseAmazonian. Ihlukaniswa njengezintambo eziphansi. Kusuka enyakatho le nsimu ihlanjululwa yizilwandle eziMhlophe naseBarents , iCaspian, i- Azov neNtshonalanga eningizimu.

Njengamanye amagquma amaningi emhlabeni, eRussia eningizimu-ntshonalanga nasentshonalanga, futhi eduze kwezintaba - i-Sudeten, iCarpathians, enyakatho-ntshonalanga inqunywe yizintaba zaseScandinavia, empumalanga - yi-Ural Mountains noMugodzhary, naseningizimu-ntshonalanga neCaucasus naseCrimean Mountains .

Ubukhulu

Ithafa laseRussia lisuka empumalanga lisentshonalanga ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili. Kusukela eningizimu kuya enyakatho - kuya amakhilomitha angu-2750. Indawo yonke yensimu ingamakhilomitha angamakhilomitha ayisihlanu nesigamu. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kuqoshiwe entabeni Yudychvumchorr (iKola Peninsula - 1191 amamitha). Iphuzu eliphansi kunazo zonke elisogwini lweLwandle lweCaspian, lubonakala ngephutha elingaphansi kwamamitha angu-27.

Engxenyeni ye-Plain yaseRussia, amazwe athile, afana nalokhu:

• Kazakhstan.
• I-Belarus.
• I-Lithuania.
• I-Latvia.
• I-Poland.
• Moldova.
• I-Russia.
• Estonia.
• Ukraine.

Ukukhulula

Ukuqothulwa kwe-Plain yaseRussia kubuswa yizindiza. Isimo esinjalo sezwe sibonakala ukuzamazama komhlaba okungajwayelekile, kanye nomsebenzi wokuqhuma kwe-volcanic.

I-Hydrography

Ingxenye eyinhloko yamanzi e-Plain yaseRussia inendawo yokungena olwandle. Imifula yaseningizimu neyesentshonalanga ingaphansi komfula wase-Atlantic Ocean. Imifula yasenyakatho igeleza i-Arctic Ocean. Imifula yasenyakatho ihlanganisa u-Onega, Mezen, Severnaya Dvina Pechora. Imifula yaseningizimu neyesentshonalanga ithwala amanzi ayo eLwandle lwaseBaltic. Lezi yi- Western Dvina, i- Vistula, i-Neman, i-Neva, njll. I-Dniester ne-Dnieper, i-Southern Bug igeleza kuLwandle Olumnyama, ne-Don engena olwandle lwase-Azov.

Isimo sezulu

Ithafa laseRussia libhekene nesimo sezulu sezulu sezulu. Isilinganiso sezinga lokushisa ehlobo lingama-degrees angu -12 (esifundeni soLwandle lwaseBarents) kuya kuma-+25 degrees ( eningizimu yeCaspian). Amazinga okushisa aphezulu ebusika asetshenziswa entshonalanga. Kulezi zindawo, izinga lokushisa lomoya aliwi ngezansi -3 degrees. Ku-Komi lesi sibonakaliso sifinyelela-degrees ezingu-20.

Ukwehla eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuya ku-400 mm (phakathi nonyaka), entshonalanga inani labo landa kabili. Izindawo zemvelo ziyahlukahluka ukusuka enkangala eningizimu eningizimu kuya eTundra eNyakatho.

I-Plain yase-Chinese

Ngokuqinisekile, abantu abaningi baye bakuzwa ngalokhu ithafa, kodwa mhlawumbe akubona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi i-Great Plain yaseChina iphi. Elinye lamathafa amakhulu kunawo wonke e-Asia. Empumalanga kuhlanjwe uLwandle Oluphuzi, enyakatho izintaba zaseYanshan zilinganiselwe, futhi entshonalanga - i-Taihanshan. Ama-slopes ayo asempumalanga anezinsipho ezincane, ukuphakama kwamamitha angaphezu kwenkulungwane. Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yizindawo zeDabeshan neTongboshan. Indawo ephelele yeThafa ingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-325 wamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane.

Esigabeni esingenhla, engxenyeni esentshonalanga, eyakhiwa yizigaxa zasendulo zokususwa, ithafa eliphakeme lifinyelela ngamamitha ayikhulu. Kuseduze nolwandle, liwela ngaphansi kwamamitha amahlanu.

Ukukhulula

Egwini lolwandle ithafa lihlala liphansi, kuphela ukuhamba okuncane okubonakalayo. Kukhona amachibi ashisayo futhi amancane ahlala ngamachibi amancane. Emathafeni kukhona izintaba zaseShandong.

Imifula

Ngaphezu komfula omkhulu, uMfula i-Huang He, uMfula iHuaihe noMfula i-Haihe ugeleza lapha. Zibonakaliswa ukushintshashintsha okubukhali ekubuseni kombuso kanye nombuso we-monsoon.

Isikhathi esiphezulu sase-e-summer sivame ukudlula ubuncane bentwasahlobo cishe izikhathi eziyikhulu.

Izimo zezulu

Ithafa laseChina libhekene nesimo sezulu esibi sezulu. Ebusika, umoya omile nowomngane ukhona lapha, ovela e-Asia. NgoJanuwari, izinga lokushisa elingu--2 ...- 4 degrees.

Ehlobo umoya uvuselela kufika ku-+25 ... +28 degrees. Unyaka uwela kuma-500 mm wezulu enyakatho kuze kufike ku 1000 mm eningizimu.

Imifino

Kuze kube manje, akuzange kugcinwe amahlathi awakhula lapha ngaphambilini ngokuhlanganiswa kwezitshalo ezivame ukutshala. Kunamaphutha omlotha, i-thuja, i-poplar, i-pin.

Imhlabathi yinto enkulu kakhulu, eyaguquka kakhulu ngesikhathi sokucubungula kwezolimo.

Amazonian Lowland

Lona ithafa elikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ihlanganisa indawo engaphezu kwamakhilomitha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5. Ukuphakama kwalo okuphezulu kunamamitha angu-120.

Izindawo eziningi eziseziqhingini zihlangene ngokungahambisani nokuphila koMfula i-Amazon - indawo enkulu kakhulu yokudoba emhlabeni. Ingxenye enkulu yensimu yayo eduze nendawo yokukhukhula yomfula ihlale igcwele izikhukhula, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwezindawo ezinogwadule (ukuhamba).