Idivayisi sokulinganisa ukuphakama isihlobo: incazelo, isiqu, ngezigaba amadivayisi

Lesi sihloko sigxile kakhulu amadivayisi ukukhiqiza nesilinganiso nemingcele ezifana ukuphakama. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka incazelo ithuluzi, ake sibone ukuthi yini uphawu engcono.

ukuphakama umqondo

Wathi ipharamitha kuyinto ngenzuzo, isb ukubaluleka njalo kunqunywa isihlobo kokuthile. Ivame ukutholakala kulinganiswa isihlobo ezingeni lolwandle, okusho ukuthi umugqa ulwandle Kwamanzi lithathwe njengendlela reference iphuzu. uhlelo ezinjalo sifana ukuzimisela degrees Celsius amanzi, lapho amanzi wamukela inkomba iphuzu ushintsho lokushisa kusuka uketshezi okuqinile, noHezekeli. Kunjalo-ke nangobufakazi nesilinganiso ukuphakama, ubhekwa kube inani ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, futhi omubi - ngezansi. Ezimweni ekhethekile, isithenjwa iphuzu okungatholakala akhethwe yimuphi omunye ebusweni. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphakama endlini, kungekho muntu uzobe kulinganiswa isihlobo ukuba kolwandle, kusukelaphi ephakanyiswe ubuso bezwe lapho isakhiwo icanjwe. esifanayo isilinganiso isimiso zonke izimo ezikhethekile .. Tree ukuphakama, isakhiwo, njll Kodwa indawo ephezulu yezintaba, noma kuphi komhlaba, kanye into endiza emkhathini (.. yendiza, indiza, njll) kukalwa isihlobo ukuba kolwandle. Umfundi angase abuze: "Futhi kwalokho okuvamile sebenzisa idivaysi sokulinganisa ukuphakama isihlobo?" Impendulo yalo mbuzo uzothola, uma ufunda isihloko kuze kube sekupheleni.

Idivayisi sokulinganisa ukuphakama isihlobo: umlando ukuthuthukiswa kanye eziyisisekelo

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo abantu baye basebenzisa ukwakhiwa kanye definition impumuzo ithuluzi ezifana ezingeni. Le divayisi yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo zanamuhla wokulinganisa indlela. Ukuze ezingeni tube wasendulo abethela, futhi ukuthola idivayisi eyisisekelo kunazo for ukulinganisa ukuphakama isihlobo, esibizwa amazinga, okusho "yokululama." kusezingeni leliphansi simele wesitimela evundla ibha mpo, ukuze ehambisana a yomthofu wokumisa. Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa isayensi kanye namathuluzi ngcono. Idivayisi sokulinganisa ukuphakama kwaba okufanayo. Ngakho, kungaba levellers yesimanje ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala - okuvame kakhulu, sifaka amathuluzi, okuncike eliphezulu yokukhanya nikubeke ezinhliziyweni zenu. Iqembu lesibili - idivayisi laser. Lezi amadivayisi zinezikhathi ephezulu ukucacisa izilinganiso. Neyesithathu - the "omncane engenathi" - amazinga digital.

Optical sokulinganisa zomculo

idivayisi njalo is ungqimba cylindrical (noma compensator) futhi isistimu optical ukuthi ibekwe endaweni bezinhlamvu metal (ipayipi). Izinga kumele afakwe ulayini emehlweni ovundlile. Ukuze afeze izinga nesilinganiso imiswe tripod yesikhulumi asekelayo. ezingeni Cylindrical limelela isitsha nge ketshezi (elithi ether, utshwala). Ingxenye isikhala egcwele utshwala umusi, esibizwa ngokuthi i-level bubble. Uma uyikha phezulu le engenhla ampoule isicelo nge Scale isinyathelo amamilimitha angu amabili, iphuzu zayo kusho ibizwa ngokuthi umugqa oholayo.

laser ezingeni

Kulezi amadivayisi, ngaphezu izinhlelo optical, laser LED ukuza, kodwa, ngoba eqinisweni, nabizelwa idivayisi kancane ezahlukene kusukela optical. Sici Its main kuyinto mncane kakhulu, ugongolo ngokuphelele bushelelezi afakwa phezu ukuba kulinganiswa. Lokhu lula kakhulu ohlelweni lokunquma ubude.

ithuluzi Digital sokulinganisa isihlobo ezindaweni eziphakeme

Leli thuluzi elibalulekile sihluke ezazingaphambi kwayo. Akazange nje ushintshe ukubukeka kwayo futhi Sakhiwo sangekhatsi, kodwa futhi kwelulwe kakhulu amakhono ayo. ezingeni Digital - a idivayisi sokulinganisa, elikwaziyo hhayi kuphela ukukala kodwa futhi kuphrojekthi indiza imishayo ngasiphi ebusweni. Leli thuluzi umane esisemqoka ngesikhathi kwakhiwa futhi umsebenzi wokulungisa. kudivayisi wathi has a high nesilinganiso ukunemba kanye kalula yokusetshenziswa, into enjalo angasebenzisa ngisho lutho.

Isimiso ezisebenza ezingeni digital

Ngesisekelo kudivayisi mbuzo pendulum uhlelo kagesi futhi LED (Laser) uhlelo optical, esiklanyelwe kuphrojekthi imishayo laser ngesimo amachashazi noma imigqa. Omunye kudivayisi enjalo kungaba kuphrojekthi izindiza eziningana, okuyinto ekahle kakhulu ukwakhiwa. Ukuqinisekisa izilinganiso olunembile emazingeni digital esetshenziswa pendulum metallic okuyinto siyamanisa zonke ingxenye yama-computer neyama-optical isihlobo kudivayisi ezingeni phansi. Ngisho noma idivayisi kuwufanele okungaqondile noma wathutha ngesikhathi kokuhlinzwa, pendulum kuzoveza wesifunda parallel phansi, kanye ebusweni esivezwa izohlala olunembile. Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani. Ngaphansi pendulum itholakala odonsa ambalwa kagesi noma ezingokwemvelo. Ngenxa ukudala kazibuthe kuvimbela liyaphambuka we pendulum lapho isikhundla yokululama. Uma ufaka lesi sici wahosha ngokukhululekile kudivayisi. Nokho, lapho edabula kazibuthe asendabeni (metal) unxenxwa ensimini kagesi, transformable ku ukushisa amandla, okuyinto kubambezela lonke uhlelo.

Uhlelo optical we ithuluzi kusekelwe diodes ukukhanya-likhipha, ukudala imishayo ovundlile, amile idayagonali. Kudlulwa uhlelo lens, basuke iguqulwe emgqeni, okuyinto slide kwamanzi singenakulinganiswa.

Emihle nemibi amazinga digital

Inzuzo enkulu idivayisi sinjalo zibe lula futhi zicace, kanye nekhono lokufeza ukusebenza endizeni base ezindaweni eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kufanele ngibalule kungenzeka wokwakha izindiza evundla mpo, futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene.

Ububi kwale divayisi izindleko zalo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Kuwo wonke la, amadivaysi yesithathu-class kuphela emadanisekako intengo emazingeni optical. Bona ingasetshenziswa kuphela phakathi ukulungisa umsebenzi endlini lapho ukunemba okuphezulu is hhayi ukudlala indima enkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-wokugubha phansi, izindonga, Uphahla lwangaphakathi. Ukuze ohlola inqubo ukwehlukaniswa kanye grand zokwakha amadivayisi edingekayo lokuqala noma lesibili ekilasini lokunemba. Nokho, uhla lokusebenza mathuluzi namanje kungagcini amamitha 600. Uma kudingeka, thatha izilinganiso olude, zisebenzisa amazinga optical.

Ukwahlukanisa amazinga digital

kudivayisi 1. Point sokulinganisa ukuphakama. It sifana pointer laser, afakwa phezu kwaleyo kulinganiswa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu amaphuzu.

2. Static noma digital ezingeni isikhundla. Le divayisi imithombo ezimbili, imishayo laser projecting perpendicularly ngokufanele ku iphrizimu, okuyinto ukuguqula wabayisa izindiza ezimbili ebonakalayo. Umphumela ezimbili intersecting indiza esiphambanweni. Endabeni usebenzisa izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi optical anabamemezeli abangaphezu ezintathu Semiconductor diodes, kuba nokwenzeka ukuba afeze inqwaba kwelivi izindiza, okuyinto ekahle kakhulu lapho ekusebenteni ngetintfo multi-ntathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emikhulu indiza, abaculi ngaphezulu liyakwazi ukulungisa noma ukwakhiwa umsebenzi. levellers positional uhlinzekwa umsebenzi 'laser umthofu wokuqondisa. " Lokhu diodes ezengeziwe, okuyothi ungakwazi ukuqondisa ugongolo ngesikhathi esifanayo phansi kanye ophahleni.

3. rotary ezingeni digital. Le divayisi laser is kuvikelwe kushaft motor, isb kungaba uphendukisa 360. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e mishini (esikhundleni iphrizimu) isetshenziswa ngokugxila lens. Ngenxa yalokho, esikhundleni indiza eyodwa ubona iphuzu encane, kodwa lapho uvula yonke indawo yokusebenzela noma igumbi endaweni kulindeleke umugqa okuqhubekayo.