Idolobha Medieval eYurophu: kwaba kanjani nokuthi sicabange

Isici nobuntu Ephakathi kwaba njengoba amadolobha ekhula. Lokhu kungenxa, ngokuyinhloko, ne division of umphakathi ngemacembu nomphakathi kanye nokuthuthukiswa yezandla. Ukudla okuvamile edolobheni medieval eNtshonalanga Yurophu kwaba encane ngezindinganiso yesimanje, settlement etholakala eduze Isigodlo, inqaba noma castle. Imfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe settlement entsha kwakuwukuba khona kwezithunywa kwesigubhu - emfuleni noma echibini. Ngokusobala Ephakathi ihlanganisa inkathi eside kakhulu isikhathi: ngekhulu lesihlanu leminyaka (ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi) ngu nanhlanu (Renaissance). emadolobheni amaningi 5-15 eminyaka kuyinto inqaba Okuyınqo, sizungezwe umgodi ububanzi kanye izindonga eziqinisiwe, esangenza ukugcina ukuzivikela ngesikhathi livinjezelwe, ngoba impi Kwakuvamile ukuba ngalesi sikhathi.

European idolobha yangeNkathi Ephakathi yayiwukuphela isayithi okungaphephile, ukuphila kwaba pretty nzima kulo. Uma kusukela kuphangwa elimazayo amabutho alien wophula izindonga eziphakeme nemisele ibutho esebenzayo, bese ezifweni izinqaba itshe zazingenawo amandla. kubhubhane njalo kukhuphukele emakhaleni ami e ngenkathi ephakathi eYurophu, izinkulungwane elabulala abayizakhamuzi ezejwayelekile. Uyothola inhlupho ungase agalele umuzi ongenakuqhathaniswa kuka umonakalo. Kungaphawulwa yezizathu ezilandelayo ngoba ekusakazekeni ngokushesha isifo phakathi yomphakathi waseYurophu ka 5-15 eminyaka. Okokuqala, isimo imithi bangaleso sikhathi abazange akuvumeli yokubhekana eceleni zithathwe Kugcwele isifo. Ngenxa yalokho, le "omnyama ukufa" ukusabalala, okokuqala phakathi abakhileyo isiphetho, bese wenza okungaphezu kakhulu ekuzuzeni eziwuhlupho, kanti kwesinye isikhathi kuba bhubhane. Okwesibili, naphezu Inani elincane izakhamuzi, ukwanda kwabantu emadolobheni bekulokhu ngempela eliphezulu. Ubuningi babantu iyona engcono nomthelela ukusabalala ukutheleleka ngokushesha adluliselwe umuntu ogulayo enempilo. Okwesithathu, ngezindinganiso abantu yesimanje edolobheni yangeNkathi Ephakathi yayiwukuphela umbuthano imfucuza, ethwala imfucuza futhi indle isilwane. Engahlanzekile, waziwa ukukhuthaza nucleation kwabaningi isifo esiyingozi asakazwa amagundane kanye nezinye namagundane ezincane.

Nokho, ukuzalwa kanye ukunwetshwa lomuzi lwalunezisekelo izici zalo ezinhle. Ngakho, abaningi kubo okuyizingane ezenzeka esikhathini amazwe enkulu izinduna noma amakhosi. Abantu abahlala ku zithithibele ngaphansi kwesizwe ezindaweni ukubhekana emnothweni, ukuhweba, ukunikeza imali eside. I ngaphansi kwesizwe kwaba nokuchuma inzuzo idolobha "lakhe," ngoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi imali wayekwazi ukuthola izakhamuzi intela.

Incazelo edolobheni medieval

Iningi lamadolobha baseNtshonalanga Yurophu 5-15 eminyaka abalwa kusukela abakhileyo 4 kuya kwezingu-10. I elisedolobheni elinabantu zezakhamuzi-4 million kubhekwe isilinganiso. Eliphakeme kunawo idolobha medieval bengasazi ukubala abakhileyo ayizinkulungwane ezingu-80. Amadolobha amakhulu wesikhathi zazibhekwa njengochwepheshe Milan, Florence, Paris. Ngokuyinhloko, kwaku abathengisi abancane, nabakhandi, amaqhawe kwadingeka ledolobha langakini ukwazi. Isici nobuntu imizi yaseYurophu ngekhulu le-12 kwaba ukutholakala kula amanyuvesi kanye ukuvela umfundi njengoba esihlukile nomphakathi. Lesakhiwo okuqala wavula ezindaweni eziyinhloko wesikhathi - Oxford, Paris, Cambridge. Umbala wawo waba elikhulu ukuthuthukiswa lamazwe ngamanye naseYurophu iyonke.

Namuhla, edolobheni medieval Kubonakala kithi indawo sad futhi iyingozi, lapho ngisho ngesikhathi sokushisa kwemini kube usuku elikhuphuka ngalo kwakushunyayelwa ngokwethukela ngokuphanga noma ukubulala. Nokho, kukhona into romantic emigwaqweni emincane yase emadolobheni ubudala European. Ikhona yini enye indlela ukuchaza nesithakazelo esikhulayo zezivakashi kanye nabahamba nje enjalo imizi yasendulo njengoba Sartène (Italy), Cologne (Germany), Marseille (France). Bavumela ukuthi ugxumela umlando, ukubaleka okumatasa "zikakhonkolo" yesimanje ukwenza, siqala esifushane, uhambo esidlule.