Kievan Rus: oPhethe Liubech

OPhethe Liubech iye yaba isenzakalo ebalulekile emlandweni Russia. Wabamba e 1097. Lyubech isenzakalo ukubiza ingqungquthela babe izenzakalo ezibaluleke okuye incithakalo phakathi nawo wonke YaseRussia ubudala.

Izizathu Congress

Ekubona kusengaphambili sokuhamba esondela ukuba ezinye emhlabeni, Kiev Prince Yaroslav ihlukaniswe ubunikazi yakhe enkulu ku principalities encane. Ngokwe-oda abazali ezihloniphekayo, ngamunye zesilisa wema ngofuzo ezinye amandla, ngokuthi Kievan Rus. Lyubech Izikhulu Congress kumele ukuvimbela division bezwe phakathi izindlalifa.

Koonyana bakaRubhen, owamazibulo okuthiwa Izyaslav Yiqiniso, waya inhlokodolobha - Kiev. Ezinye izindaba zika-ukwehla ubudala esikuzuze njengefa lezi izigodi: emhlabathini, wahlala Chernigov Svyatoslav ku Pereyaslavlskoy - Vsevolod ka Smolensk - Vyacheslav, uVladimir-naseVolyn - Igor. Njengoba inkambo imicimbi okwalandela, lesi sinqumo esifushane sekuqhamuke ka Yaroslav Mudry sokucasuka kwehlukana amakhosi asendulo.

Ukuqala ukuxabana

Njengoba kuvamisile, esakhula abazukulu, kakhulu, baqala ukufuna isabelo sabo we omkhulu ifa. Isikhathi Nezinkinga umthelela lezakhamuzi, kumenze usizi nokuhlupheka okukhulu.

Titbit laliyinhloko-dolobha Kievan Rus ', ngakho ukulwa baba sobukhosi Grand Duke sika. Kiev izakhamuzi azithandi umbusi omusha, okuyinto ophawule wathi akumele kuqhathaniswe noyise. Ngisho nangemva kokuba umzamo wesibili Izyaslav kuhlulekile sokubuyisa sobukhosi - Sivikele zakubo. Prince-ekudingisweni kwakudingeka bafune isiphephelo ePoland engumakhelwane, nalapho efike waphelela khona elinde ukufa Svyatoslav aphinde abuyele Kiev.

Ngemva Izyaslav wayesehlala esihlalweni sobukhosi Kiev Vsevolod, ekuqaleni ababa waya Pereyaslavl. imizamo yakhe endala, Ngokuzayo uVladimir Monomakh esungulwe okwamanje Chernigov. Umzabalazo Ngokuqhubeka ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi Kwalandela phakathi izindlalifa Svyatoslav futhi Vsevolod. OPhethe Liubech kwakudingeka kakade ngalesi sikhathi, ngoba izihlobo ayikwazanga ngokuthula khona.

Ngo 1093, ngemva kokufa Vsevolod e Kiev ubukhulu babenezinkinga indodana yakhe, umuntu ohlakaniphile futhi azibamba uVladimir Monomakh. Ukuze uvimbele wokuchithwa kwegazi okungadingekile Monomakh okwamanje ayithelanga isikhundla sendodana udumo umzala Svyatopolk Izyaslav. Amadodana Prince Svyatoslav yafuna ubanika amalungelo ngaphezulu, eceba ukuhlwitha amandla avela Monomakh, owayebusa Chernihiv.

Isimo siphakamisele lapho isandla ukukhanya ePrince Oleg Svyatoslavich e internecine ukungqubuzana beye bahileleka Polovtsy. UVladimir Monomakh, abalahlekelwa izihlobo zabo Chernihiv, ngemva kokuphindela Pereyaslavl ukumelana ehlelekile abayimizulane Polovtsian.

Imizamo ukuyeka imisebenzi lobugebengu ezinye izikhulu

UVladimir Monomakh nge Svyatopolk II Kiev e 1096 wanquma ukuba sisebenzisane ukuze uqede nangobudlova Polovtsian. Bakhuleka ujoyine inyunyana Oleg Sviatoslavovych. Nokho, le ndoda yenqaba ukunikezwa futhi akazange deign ukubamba iqhaza vserusskom Congress kwesikhulu, lapho kwakumelwe sangena esivumelwaneni sokuthi oda amandla. Kiev futhi pereyaslavlskomu nge naseVolyn isikhulu wanquma isephula-mthetho, ngubani wayifaka Starodub. Oleg, ezingelwa, njengoba besho, ekhoneni, wathatha ukuthula isiphakamiso abazalwane. Isixazululo Lyubech Congress esikhathini esizayo ezazizosiza yileso naleso ukuba baziphathe ngokuthula nangendlela ehloniphekile.

Ukuze zonke izono Oleg kulandelwa isigwebo futhi ikholi Congress jikelele yokungeneliseki we Chernigov ubukhulu. izinhlelo Aggressive waya nenkinga enkulu. Ukubona ukuthi ikhangele cishe zonke izihlobo, hhayi kuphela ethumba Novgorod, kodwa ushiye ethumba Moore, Suzdal futhi Rostov. Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Oleg usefunge wagomela ukuthi azomhambela oPhethe Liubech izikhulu.

OPhethe Liubech

Indawo weCongress abadumile ukhethe Ljubech idolobha lapho eduze noMfula Dnieper kwaba enqabeni yokhokho Vladimira Monomaha. Phakathi izivakashi samanje eMkhandlwini Liubech izikhulu ephakeme kakhulu Russia, kuhlanganise kodwa uhlangulisa inzalo ka Yaroslava Mudrogo - abazukulu. Lyubech Congress elalihlelwe wahlala izinqumo ezibalulekile.

Ungakwazi ukugqamisa amaphuzu alandelayo ngesimo amaphuzu:

1. Isinqumo ukhiye we Congress, owawuse-1097, kwaba ukuthi zonke izikhulu uhlobo Rurik bavumelana bodwa khona ukuqaphela ilungelo emazweni yokhokho, noma, njengoba umlando uthi :. "Kepha makube yilowo nalowo ukugcina zoyise yakhe"
2. Uma othile kuphula isivumelwano bese silingeka ukuba umhlaba umzalwane noma omunye umndeni, it kuzoxoxwa isigebengu. Ukumisa kumele kuhlanganiswe abezempi asele izikhulu.
3. Kuvunyiwe ngokubambisana uvikele ayimizulane, wenza forays njalo eRussia.
4. Isungulwe omunye wemigomo esemqoka ye ngokuphathelene namalungelo okusebenzisa umhlaba esikhulu amakhosi asendulo: ilifa uyise, indodana isikhulu emhlabeni. OPhethe Liubech kwakumelwe abuqede ukuchitha igazi futhi zombango.

Cross Kissing umhlangano abahlanganyeli kwadingeka ubufakazi nokuzimisela ngokuqinile lelisu izinqumo ezithathwe.

Phuma Dolobskom echibini. Imiphumela yomibili imihlangano

Nokho, izwe kwezihlobo yaba ngeyesikhashana. Kwasebenza njengesibonakaliso ekuqaleni igagasi elisha aphuphuthekise Vasilka Rostislavovicha okwakwenza Svyatopolk noDavide Igorevich.

Ngakho-ke, ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, izikhulu zasondela ukuqoqa waphinda, kodwa Dolobskom echibini. Umphumela Congress kwaba ukuthi ibutho united, kwaholela Vladimirom Monomahom, okulula kakhulu waphula Polovtsy, kodwa ngeshwa, Kievan Rus 'awukwazanga ukuqeda izingxabano abe nesimo Monolithic. Okusho Lyubech Congress ebingaba ebaluleke, kuphela izikhulu ayengeke azigcine imibandela yokuthula.