AmakhompiyuthaIzinhlobo zefayela

Ifayela: amagama wefayela. Igama eliphelele, elifushane, elide, elungile nelingalungile lefayili, ukwakheka kwalo, ithempulethi kanye ne-mask

Lapho ehlangene nenkulumo engaqondakali, umfundi, njengombuso, ufuna ukwazi incazelo yalo. Lesi sihloko sihambela kancane umsebenzisi emhlabeni wonke ongaziwa.

Umqondo jikelele wefayela

Inkumbulo yesikhathi eside (yangaphandle) yekhompyutha igcina yonke idatha ngendlela yamafayela. Kuyini? Ifayela lilandelana ngokulandelana kwamabhayithi okuhlanganisa, futhi, ama-bits. Unegama lakhe nekheli lakhe. Ipharamitha yokuqala iboniswa ngumuntu, kanti okwesibili kusethwe futhi kukhunjulwe unomphela ngesistimu yokusebenza. Ukusesha kwenziwa ngegama lefayela, ngakho ukubhala ikheli layo kumsebenzisi akusizi ngalutho.

Kwenzeka ukuthi ulwazi alutholakali kumaphakathi wekhompyutha. Kodwa ngisho nefayela elingenalutho linalo igama layo, okuyinto impahla ebalulekile yesethi yedatha ebhaliwe kwi-disk eyinkimbinkimbi. Uma engekho, isakhiwo esinjalo asikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi isitoreji.

Uhlelo lwefayela

Isigaba ngasinye sokugcina (okuguquguqukayo, esinzima noma laser disk) singaqukatha inani elikhulu. Uhlelo lwefayela lwaklanyelwe ukugcina idatha nokuhlela izinkomba ezihlukahlukene. Ngomqondo obanzi, iqukethe isethi yolwazi lonke kwi-disk, isethi yezinhlaka zedatha, isethi yesofthiwe yesistimu. Isiqondisi sezintambo sinezinamathiselo ze-Level 2, ezihlanganisa amafolda we-3rd, njll. Uhlelo olulodwa lwezinga elilodwa lisetshenziselwa ama diski anamafayili amaningi, eyodwa yama-hilarchy one for disks nenani elikhulu lawo. Esesibili yisakhiwo somuthi.

Ukubeka uhlelo lwefayela

Ihlanganisa ukuhlinzeka isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi ukuthola ulwazi kwi-disk nokuqaphela ukuthi kungenzeka ukwabelana ngezinto ngabantu abaningi nezinqubo eziqhubekayo. Isakhiwo esinjalo sedivaysi ikuvumela ukuba ufeze umphumela omkhulu lapho usebenza nedatha.

Izinhlobo zefayela

Ngenxa yolwazi oluthile ikhompyutha ingaba cishe "iyaqonda" ukuthi ikuphi isethi yedatha futhi yiluphi uhlelo olungavulwa ngalo. Ukwandiswa yizinhlamvu eziningana noma izinombolo ezilandela iphuzu egameni lefayela elijwayelekile. Inquma uhlobo lwedatha kanye nohlelo olulandelayo. Isibonelo, imininingwane erekhodiwe nge-extension ye-mp3 izovuleka kumdlali. Isithombe sesithombe sikhona esithombeni sefayela. Ngalesi sithonjana, umsebenzisi onolwazi ngokushesha uyaqonda ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kuphi uhlobo oludumile lwedatha. Le dokhumenti izovuleka kuphela ohlelweni oluhloselwe umbhalo. Amafayela wevidiyo angahlelwa phansi kumdlali. Imininingwane ngesimo sezithombe ivuliwe kumhleli wesithombe. Kukhona amafayela amaningi ahlukene. Ngamunye wabo unesithonjana esibonisa uhlelo olulandelayo.

Ifayela: amagama wefayela

Abasebenzisi banikeza idatha efakwe kuma-disk amagama angokomfanekiso. Bawabona amafayela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulinganiselwa kwesistimu kuzo zombili izimpawu ezisetshenzisiwe futhi lonke ubude behlanganiswa lombhalo kuthathwa ngokubheka. Igama lefayela igama elinikwe ngenhla, elingasilingana namasethi wezinombolo eziningana. Kulesi simo, ukulandelana kwezihlonzi zezikhombisi-ndlela, okungukuthi, ikheli lapho ulwazi lukhona khona, luzohluka. Kwezinye izinhlelo, into efanayo ayikwazi ukuba namagama amaningana, kwezinye azikho imingcele enjalo. Esikhathini esilandelayo, isethi yedatha inikezwa igama eliyingqayizivele. Lesi yisihlonzi sezinombolo esetshenziswe yinoma yiluphi uhlelo lwesistimu yokusebenza.

Ukwakhiwa kwegama lefayela

Noma yiluphi ulwazi ku-disc luqukethe izakhi eziningana. Iyini igama lefayela? Ukuze uqonde lokhu, udinga ukuba nesampuli ngaphambi kwamehlo akho. Igama lefayela liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili ezihlangene: igama nesandiso esichaza uhlobo lwedatha. Ikhomba noma yiluphi ulwazi oluphakathi.

Igama eligcwele

Unganikeza isibonelo:

C: \ Umculo \ Holiday \ Melody.mp3 .

Igama eligcwele lefayela elichazwe kwisampula igama elihlanganisa ulwazi ngokwayo kanye nendlela yolwazi. Ukugcina kwalezi zakhi uhlu lwamakheli efolda okufanele avuleke ngokulandelana ukuze athole kusuka ezingeni eliphakeme kuya kusethi yedatha. Igama eliphelele lefayela kufanele lichazwe, liqale ngedokhumenti yempande, futhi liqukethe uhlu lwazo zonke izinamathiselo ezisekelwe ezisezingeni elisele. Leli gama liphelele. Libhekisela kolwazi oluhlobene nesiqondisi sempande kungakhathaliseki ifolda yamanje. Zonke izakhi zegama zihlukaniswe ngesikhwama (\). Lo mlingisi kumele ucaciswe ngaphambi kwegama lomhlahlandlela wezimpande.

Igama elifushane

Izithibelo zesistimu yokusebenza ye-MS-DOS zenze leli gama livele. Ngaleso sikhathi, ifayela lingaba nezinhlamvu ezingu-8 kuphela egameni. Ngemva kwesikhashana, kwakungenzeka ukubeka ichashazi emva kwesihloko bese wengeza izimpawu zokunwetshwa ezingu-3.

Kubonakala kanje:

Melody.mp3 .

Abathuthukisi baqala ukusebenzisa izandiso zegama ngezidingo zobuchwepheshe. Ngosizo lwabo, izinhlelo "zafunda" ukuqaphela uhlobo lwefayela. Lolu hlelo lokurekhoda igama lefayela luthiwa uhlelo 8.3 (ngenani labalingiswa begama nesandiso, nephuzu phakathi kwabo). Kwakunezinsalela eziningi: ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa isikhala, izimpawu zokubhala, noma ezinye izincwadi ngaphandle kwe-alfabhethi yesiNgisi. Ngakho-ke, kwakunzima kakhulu ukudala igama elinenjongo. Igama elifushane aliqukethe uhlamvu lwe-slash ( \ ). Ngeli gama, ungabheka idatha yedokhumenti yamanje.

Igama elide

Ngaphambilini, lapho izinkulungwane zamafayela zigcinwe kuma diski, abasebenzisi bazi kahle lapho idatha ibonakala khona kwisitoreji sokugcina. Njengamanje, akunakwenzeka ukulandela umlando wolwazi olungenayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole idatha, imingcele eqinile ngobude begama isusiwe. Iyini igama lefayela? Manje igama lingabhalwa ngezinhlamvu zesiRussia, ngamanye amaphepha okubhala kanye nezikhala. Ukwandiswa kuboniswa hhayi kuphela ngabalingiswa abathathu. Uma igama liqukethe amaphuzu amaningana, uhlobo lwamafayela lubekwe emva kwezimpawu zokugcina zokugcina.

Noma kunjalo, amasiko aqukethe amandla amakhulu, ngakho-ke amakhompyutha awahlangabezani nezandiso eside. Izinhlamvu ezintathu ukuze ucacise uhlobo lwefayela, uhlelo lwanele. Igama elide kunazo zonke lingaba nezinhlamvu ezingu-250, nakuba ngokuqinisekile kubonakala kungenakuqhathaniswa.

Izinto ezinzima

Idokhumenti enegama elide lingadluliselwa kwenye ikhompyutha. Ngakho-ke, uma uthumela idatha, qamba kabusha ifayela usebenzisa izinhlamvu zesiLatini. I-alfabhethi yesiRashiya kumakhompiki womamukeli kungenzeka ukuthi angekho, futhi isethi yezimpawu ezingenakuqondakala kuzovela esikhundleni segama-inhlanganisela. Ukuhlela uhlelo lokugcina ifayela kumakhompiyutha womsebenzisi, noma yiziphi izinhlamvu ezisetshenzisiwe.

Lungisa igama lefayela

Ingaqukatha noma yiziphi izinhlamvu ezisezingeni eliphezulu nephansi, inombolo, iphuzu kanye nokugqamisa. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala akuvunyelwe. Kodwa-ke, akufanele bahlukumezwe, futhi bafake ekuqaleni kwegama. Ungabandakanya ezinye izinhlamvu egameni, ngaphandle kwezingqayizivele ezigcinwe (> <|? * / \: "). Ukunwetshwa kuhlukana negama ngephuzu lokugcina lokunene kwesandla. Igama lilinganiselwe ezinhlamvu ezingu-255. Empeleni, umsebenzisi ojwayelekile unamahlamvu angu-20. Amagama angaphansi kwe-Lowercase ne-lowercase egameni lefayela, okusho ukuthi awukwazi ukugcina izakhi ezimbili negama elifanayo elibhalwe kumarejista ahlukene kumhlahlandlela ofanayo, njengesibonelo samagama afanayo: "Text.doc" ne "TEXT.doc".

Igama lefayela elingavumelekile

Ngaphezu kwalokhu kwemingcele, kunqatshelwe ukusetshenziswa kwamagama wedivayisi egcinwe.

Ngakho, i-PRN yiphrinta. I-COM1-COM4 - amadivaysi axhunyiwe kumachwebeni angama-serial 1-4. I-AUX yenza umsebenzi ofanayo no-COM1. I-LPT1-LPT4 yizici ezixhunyiwe kumachwebeni ahambisanayo 1-4 (amaprinta), CON (induduzo) uma uthayipha - ikhibhodi, ekukhipha - ngesikrini, i-NUL - yidivayisi "engenalutho". Uma umsebenzisi ezama ukucacisa igama eligcinwe, uhlelo ludala iphutha. Isixwayiso sibonakala futhi uma izinhlamvu ezingekho emthethweni zisetshenzisiwe. Ibonisa igama lefayela elingavumelekile. Ulwazi olurekhodiwe ngokungalungile mayelana nesethi yedatha alugciniwe, kodwa kuthatha inani langaphambilini.

Ithempulethi yegama lefayela

Amagobolondo wezinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nezilimi ezihlukahlukene zokuhlela avumela umsebenzisi ukucinga ngamagama nezinkomba zamaqembu athile. Wonke amafayela ahlolwe ukuhambisana nephethini ecacisiwe, uma noma iyiphi yawo ihambelana nesilinganiso, khona-ke kucatshangwa, uma kungenjalo - bese kungenqatshiwe.

Kungani sidinga isampula esinjalo? Ngokuvamile, udinga ukwenza isenzo esifanayo neqembu lonke lamafayela. Lokhu kuthatha isikhathi esincane kunokufinyelela idokhumenti ngayinye ngokwehlukana. Ithemplate yegama lefayela ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe iqembu elihlangabezana nezidingo ezicacisiwe kusukela esisisindo sonke. It isetshenziswa ngisho nalapho ukucinga idatha.

Izinhlamvu ezikhethekile

Ithebula legama lefayela licacisiwe besebenzisa izinhlamvu ezikhethekile:

  • I-asterisk iyimpawu kunoma yiliphi iqembu labalingiswa. Inombolo yabo ayinandaba. Isibonelo, inkanyezi eyodwa yithempulethi ehambelana nayo yonke imininingwane ku-directory. Ngenxa yomyalo .mp3, ungashintsha noma yiliphi ifayela lehlobo olufanayo. Amagama wefayela aqala ngami futhi aphela nge .txt agcizelelwe usebenzisa ithempulethi yami * .txt. Isampula * * sonyaka we-2014 sibonisa zonke izinto ezikhona kukhompuyutha enegama eliqukethe iqembu labalingiswa ngo-2014.
  • Umbuzo wombuzo yiluphi uhlobo lwegama elilodwa. Isibonelo, isampula yomculo. Izovela nedatha eqala ngegama elichaziwe, libe nokwanda kwezinhlamvu ezintathu zesiNgisi. Ku-template na? E.txt, noma yikuphi uhlamvu olungasetshenziswa esikhundleni sombuzo ojwayelekile wembuzo.

Amanye amaqembu

Kuneminye imithetho yokudweba amasampuli. Ngokufaka amabakaki wesigcawu ([]) kumyalo ngehlu lwamanani angenzeka, ungenza usesho luguquguquke kakhulu. Uma ufuna ukuthola noma yimaphi amafayela aqala ngencwadi t, hhayi icala elibucayi, khona-ke iphethini kufanele ibhalwe kanje: [tT] *. Lapho ucinga idatha ngamagama ahamba nge-alfabeti, ungakha ibanga. Iphethini efanayo libukeka kanje: [k-zK-Z]?. Jpg. Uhlelo luzothola amafayela ngohlobo olwandisiwe lwezinhlobo, amagama alo ahlanganisa izinhlamvu ezimbili. Futhi incwadi yokuqala k, l, y noma y iyinkinga-engacabangi.

Inani legobolondo

Izimpawu eziningana ezikhethekile zingasetshenziswa kwisampuli esisodwa. Izifanekiso zihlangene nemiyalo eminingi: ukubuka izinkomba, ukukopisha amafayela, ukusesha, njll. Nokho, izenzo azenziwanga ngesampula, kodwa ngemininingwane eyavela ngaphansi kwayo. Izinto ezidingekayo zikhethiwe ngegobolondo lomyalo.

Ukwandiswa kwethempulethi kuyindlela yokufaka esikhundleni * umlingisi ngokulandelana kahle kwamafayela wefayela.

Amathimba ngabanye ngeke akwazi ukuthola isibonakaliso esikhethekile kuhlu lwawo amapharamitha. Ngakho yini enesibopho sokuthola idatha? Igobolondo yomyalo ikhiqiza isandiso se-template esidingekayo ngendlela yokuthi wonke amagama wefayela afana nephethini abhalwe ohlwini.

Amaski wegama lefayela

Zisetshenziswa ekusebenzeni kweqembu nedatha. I-mask ukulandelana kwezinhlamvu ezivumelekile kumagama wefayela, lapho umbuzo umbuzo kanye ne-asterisk nazo zingase zivele. Ngalo, ungasusa noma iyiphi ifayela lesikhashana kukhompyutha yakho. Amagama wefayela kumyalo angaqukatha izimpawu ezihlukahlukene. Umbuzo wombuzo uphawu lomunye oyedwa ongabonakaliyo, futhi i-asterisk iyonke ukulandelana. Isibonelo, usebenzisa umyalo rm * mp3, ungasusa wonke amafayela aphela kule fragment. Uma ufuna ukusula yonke idatha kuhlu, kufanele usethe umyalo we-rm *. Cishe ngendlela efanayo umyalo onombuzo umbuzo usebenza , uhlamvu olulodwa luyashintsha. Igama lamaski lingasetshenziswa futhi ngamarekhodi.

Inkinga yokukopisha

Ukuguquka kwamagama amade kudala izinkinga zokuhambisana nezinhlelo ezenziwe ngaphambilini ezisebenzisa inhlanganisela encane yegama. Ukuze izinhlelo zivule ulwazi ngokuhambisana nesakhiwo sesitoreji esamukelwe ngaphambili, uhlelo lwefayela kumele lukwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezikhawulelo eziyingqayizivele kumininingwane enegama eliyinkimbinkimbi. Izinhlelo ezintsha zokusebenza zisekela amagama amade. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi umsebenzisi ubhekene nezinkinga ezingalindelekile. Ukukopisha amafayela ngamagama amade kungabangela ubunzima obunzima.

Kulokhu, ngisho nokudala isinqamuleli ngeke kusize. Ngokujwayelekile, umsebenzisi udinga ukuqamba kabusha ifayela bese uzama futhi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungalondoloza idatha, uyikopishe bese uyivula. Kodwa kuthiwani uma ku-one hundredthth subdirectory lapho ifayela eliceliwe likhona, amagama efayela asele kakhulu ngenxa yendlela ebekiwe kuwo?

Izinketho zokungcebeleka

Uma izindlela ezingenhla zingafanelekile, udinga ukuxhuma idrayivu yenethiwekhi ngokuchofoza ngakwesokudla esithombeni sekhompyutheni bese ukhetha uxhumano kwimenyu evelayo. Kulesi simo, kufanele ucacise incwadi yemidiya oyifunayo nendlela yefayela.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, umsebenzisi angasebenzisa lolu hlelo ukukopisha amagama amade we-FAR 2.0 futhi avimbele kabusha i-Recycle Bin.

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