Ifonetikisi - isayensi umsindo

Ulimi - kuyinto uhlelo multi-level, okuyinto ihlukaniswe subsystems noma amazinga elula eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ifonetikisi - ephansi lelulwimi, njengoba uhlola amayunithi yayo sohlangothi olulodwa - imisindo, phonemes, supersegmentnye iyunithi, ukucindezeleka futhi buviyoviyo. Igama layo livela egameni lesiGreki elisho ukuthi umsindo, iphimbo, umsindo, inkulumo. Futhi amafonethiki - ingxenye yezilimi, lapho sitadisha khona ezingeni kolimi kanye konke kuye zihlanganisa: imisindo yenkulumo, inhlanganisela nezinguquko positional, ukukhiqizwa umsindo sikhulumi bazibheka isilaleli, kanye izici imvilophi umsindo ulimi jikelele, kanye uhlelo umsindo kanye pronunciation izimfanelo ngamunye ulimi ngabanye.

Izingxenye amafonethiki:

- okwabiwe yangasese. Jikelele Ifonetikisi study imithetho umsindo igobolondo isakhiwo, isimiso, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngolimi oluthile. Private amafonethiki - phonology kuyinto izilimi ethile.
- zomlando yangaleso sikhathi. phonology zomlando - isifundo kwemithetho ifonotiki letisebenta ngolimi ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, nokuthi iyini imiphumela yazo kuyagcinwa ngolimi okwamanje. amafonethiki Modern uhlola isimo lelulwimi okwamanje.
- theory kanye zokuhlola.

Ifonetikisi - akusiyo kuphela ezingeni kolimi kanye igatsha wesayensi yezilimi: igama ulimi umsindo igobolondo. Ngalo mqondo, it is bafundelwa izici ezilandelayo:

1. Acoustic. Lona umbono umsindo igobolondo ulimi kusukela isikhundla isilaleli. Kulesi sici, sesenze uphenyo ngalokho omunye nakuzwayo bezibona Imininingwane inkulumo. Isici acoustic uchaza izinga umsindo: it has a ukuphakama ezithile, imvamisa oscillation, timbre kanye nezinye izakhiwo ngokomzimba.

2. Ukubhekisisa. Into cwaningo lapha - umsindo ukusuka esikhundleni komuntu okhulumayo, okungukuthi umsebenzi nezitho zokukhuluma ekukhiqizeni umsindo ngamunye.

Ifonetikisi ucubungula imisindo ezicini ezintathu:

- Physical. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izici impahla umsindo.

- Ukubhekisisa (yokwakheka bokuphila). Lihlanganisa izici yokwakheka bokuphila yokukhuluma, ukuhambisana izakhiwo imisindo, ikakhulukazi isakhiwo apharathasi vocal, Ukwahlukaniswa unkamisa futhi ungwaqa imisindo ngezilimi ezahlukene.

- Imphimiso (social). Kulelizinga, kukhona ukuxhumana umsindo ne komuntu. Iyunithi eziyisisekelo alolu - phoneme - uhlobo umsindo, okuyinto lilondolozwe ingqondo, ubuhlobo impahla kanye lo msindo ngemibono.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi idivayisi ukuhambisana zonke izizwe babe isakhiwo esifanayo, ngezilimi ezahlukene zihluke nomunye kakade ezingeni ifonotiki. Ngokwesibonelo, amafonethiki isiNgisi, ngokungafani isiRashiya, uyazi kubafuni uzwakalise ongwaqa phambi abayizithulu, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuba liyisihlalo okuwuphawu. Futhi, ngolimi lwesiNgisi, kanye namanye, ezahlukene eside futhi esifushane unkamisa umsindo, ukuthi isiRashiya ongathwali umthwalo semantic. A amafonethiki Spanish njengoba izindleko ngaphandle buthakathaka onkamisa unstressed, futhi ngaphandle ukunciphisa ongwaqa ngaphambi unkamisa u e. Nokho, umsindo akusiwona Spanish.