Ikhodi. Uyini umthetho eyabekwa?

Konke kumele siphile yimithetho. Ezinye zazo zenzelwe ukuvikela izithakazelo kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi, kanti ezinye nje usethe inkambo ethile yesenzo, ukuze siyazi ukuthi nokuthi uzosinikeza kanjani. Iningi lemithetho enjalo khona ifomu mahhala, kodwa kukhona eyabekwa, ebaluleke kunayoyonke futhi owaziwa emphakathini.

"Umthetho egxeka, kodwa umthetho"

Yiqiniso, lapho ikhodi kuqala, akekho oyothi ngobuciko. izimpande zabo esukela emuva EGrisi naseRoma lasendulo, kodwa nokuqoshwa asebenzayo komthetho waqala eduze nenkathi yamaSoviet (XX leminyaka). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi sibonga le systematization komthetho ikhodi yavela. Kuyini systematization? It is kulawulwa, inqubo ezihlakaniphile ukuletha umthetho ehlelekile uhlelo umbono. Yaqala isikhathi eside, kodwa ngenkuthalo zaqala ukusetshenziswa kuphela XVII-XVIII eminyaka., Njengoba isibonelo, edumile Ikhodi Napoleon. Esikhathini esizayo, systematization komthetho kuyoba omunye imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu zikahulumeni. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi umthetho yakhelwe ukulawula control, ajezise futhi ukucindezela, ukuze, njengoba umthetho, umsebenzi zokuzivikela futhi azilungisele indaba ngokuthi ajezise, kodwa ngenxa ukunamathela kwakhe ukuze kumelwe nakanjani zonke labo yakhelwe.

Kanjani imithetho systematized

Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo systematization 3 - nokuqoshwa, ukuhlanganisa, ukuqala. Ngo yethu nomkhaya zomthetho (Roman-German) nokuqoshwa we amaningi, umphumela okuyinto ikhodi. Uyini nokuqoshwa? Lona uhlobo systematization komthetho lapho zonke lezi ziqondiso level "umthetho" elawula esinye isici sokuphila kwezenhlalo, ehlangana zibe munye. Uma sikubeka kalula, ikhodi - iqoqo imithetho kahulumeni, futhi yena ngokwakhe umthetho, ngakho ngokuvamile aye abizwa ngokuthi Ikhodi Federal. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo amakhodi amaningi Russian Federation - ukubona ukuba the Civil Code of Criminal Enforcement, futhi konke okudalwe ngokusebenzisa le nokuqoshwa kwemithetho. Abakwazi engeza, ushintsho futhi usaba khona kuphela ngesisekelo imithetho ethile kahulumeni, okubonisa kulabo ngakho. umthetho Federal, njengomthetho ojwayelekile, evumelekile emikhawulweni yonke yakwa-isimo sethu, futhi kufanele senze konke izakhamuzi zalo (kusuka ngabanye ziphethe neziphathimandla zikahulumeni) ngisho abantu lizwe ababhekwa njengezakhamuzi zalo abayizakhamuzi lomunye umbuso, njll

Imigomo Nezindlela Izinhloso

Okokuqala amakhodi zenzelwe alawule imikhakha yempilo yomphakathi, futhi bha. Kuye lokho kulawulwa Ikhodi, it has imigomo nezinjongo, nakuba kukhona iyunifomu for yonke imithetho - ukulondoloza izithakazelo umphakathi kanye nesimo ukubavikela. Ngamunye izenzo normative-zomthetho uyakuba necala wesi, kuhlanganise, nekhodi. Kuyini lokhu konke mayelana? Nobudlelwane Nomphakathi enqubeni zokuphila. Kungenzeka ngaphakathi komthetho futhi zingqubuzana nokucabanga okuhluzekile ke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma sikhuluma ngokukhethekile mayelana nokuqoshwa, kuyafaneleka ukuthi injongo yawo futhi ukunikeza lesi senzo, obekungadala esikahle kakhulu izakhamuzi. Okungukuthi, isimo enakekela imfundo wezomthetho isiko ngokwakha izenzo kufinyeleleke futhi kuyaqondakala. Yiqiniso, akuzona zonke izihloko ikhodi uzobe waqonda uma ungeyena ummeli, kodwa lokhu kudala izenzo ezengeziwe Interpretive, imibono ku-Code ebhaliwe - iwumsebenzi izidumbu obuphakeme tinkhantolo temtsetfo kanye isiShayamthetho.

Umbono

Ikhodi ngamunye ziqondakala umphakathi ngisho isimo siqu sakhe: okuningi kuncike emigomweni ukuthi uzibekele, kusukela uhla izithakazelo umphakathi kanye nesimo lapho livikela. Abadumile, livikeleke ibinzana umthetho - "ukungawazi umthetho asikho isizathu esamukelekayo" - is impikiswano njalo, ngoba into eyodwa - ukwazi umthetho lobugebengu, kuyinto ehlukile - ukwazi uhlu oluphelele amacala zokuphatha, okungase eyasungulwa Russian Federation. Nokho, ulwazi umthetho Uvikela isimiso ukucabangela kwanoma iyiphi ikhodi. Uyini ukucabangela, futhi kungani iqinile? Lesi sikhundla akudingi ukulungisiswa (njengoba Axiom geometry) nokulungisa kubalulekile ukwenza sikhala.