Ikhompyutha imisebenzi. ikhompyutha Eyisisekelo kanye nemisebenzi yabo

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-computer is ngokuya kuba yinto evamile ukuba umuntu yesimanje. Nokho, akuzona zonke umnikazi PC ecabanga ngalokho umsebenzi othize wenza idivayisi ezifanele Computing. Bambalwa abasebenzisi ukuthi yini imininingwane yomuntu izingxenye hardware yekhompyutha yakho. Yini funktsiiPK? Yikuphi izingxenye hardware afakiwe isakhiwo Computing siqu?

imphawu letibalulekile amakhompyutha

Yini izici computer kungathiwa ukhiye? Kunezindlela eziningana tindlelanchubo definition yabo. NgoLwesithathu Russian IT-ochwepheshe uhlelo ezivamile, owawuthi nemisebenzi ikhompyutha ziboniswa ohlwini olulandelayo:

• ukucubungula idatha;
• isitoreji idatha;
• ukunyakaza kolwazi;
• ukuphathwa ifayela.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi lezi zici ngokuvamile ezehlela bonke izinhlobo amakhompyutha. ngezigaba Modern amadivayisi Computing kusikisela ukuthi izinhlobo zazo eziningi. Kukhona PC ngokwezifiso, amakhompyutha zezimboni khona, kanye nalabo ukuthi zifakwe isakhiwo sale into yokuhamba. Yiqiniso, nohlobo PC ngamunye uzoba imisebenzi ethize.

Endabeni amakhompyutha umsebenzisi kungenzeka, isibonelo, ukucutshungulwa ihluzo, umbhalo, noma umsindo. Umsebenzi ku-ibhodi kukhompyutha kwendiza yamasosha - a umphathi wedivaysi ebulalayo, nokugcinwa kokuthula kahle izindlela zalo. ngokucacile Ifanele zezimboni kumadivayisi Computing sizoxhunywa isidingo ukwenza ngokunembile echaziwe yokukhiqiza imisebenzi.

Ake sicabangele imininingwane ngamunye imisebenzi evamile ngoba wonke amakhompyutha eshiwo ngenhla.

Umsebenzi Computing: ngokucubungula idatha

uhlelo Idatha ukucutshungulwa ikhompyutha kuhilela ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi izingxenye hardware computer ukwelashwa ahlukahlukene. ukuqaliswa yabo ngokuvamile uhambisana yalokho abalulekile umsebenzisi: uma kuziwa PC, lokhu kungaba ukudalwa idokhumenti noma ngokwenza izinguquko ezazidingeka ukuze ekhona, kwi-screen ukubonisa noma yiluphi ulwazi, ukungena noma PC ku inkhulumomphendvulwano umsebenzisi ngokusebenzisa imibuzo. umnikazi ikhompyutha, ngakho-ke, okubandakanya ulwazi ukucutshungulwa umsebenzi ku-PC uma udala, bahlela nokukhiqizwa amafayela.

idatha Isitoreji

Basic ikhompyutha imisebenzi futhi zihlanganisa isitoreji idatha. Uma sikhuluma PC, kucatshangwa ukubekwa yabo ngesimo amafayela namafolda ku-media ezikhethekile ukusetshenziswa okwalandela. Isigcina-kwaziswa kusekelwe izimiso kohlelo: kusiza okwatholakala okwalandela idatha ezidingekayo. Amafayela elise kukhompyutha yakho kungaba umsebenzisi - esomnikazi, noma uhlelo ukuthi kudala futhi isebenzisa PC uqobo.

Imininingwane Moving

PC umsebenzi Lingachazwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Okokuqala, ngaphansi ezihambayo kolwazi uma kuziwa PC, kungaqondakala njengoba inqubo lapho omunye fayela babekopela naphakathi kwenye (noma eshintsha isikhundla salo isihlobo ukuba lwemibhalo esibekiwe ohlelweni ifayela). Enye yokwelapha ihilela ngenqubo ulwazi idluliselwa phakathi kwamakhompyutha ezihlukene: ngokusebenzisa zenethiwekhi yeselula (..-CD-ROM drive, flash ngemoto, njll) noma kwi-Inthanethi noma i-LAN.

ukuphathwa Ifayela

Lesi sici sigcwalisa ngamunye amathathu ashiwo ngenhla. amafayela abhekelwe njengoba ulwazi esigabeni ukwelashwa, futhi ngezinye ukulondolozwa noma ngesikhathi ukufuduka yabo. Umsebenzi okukhulunywa ezingase zithathwe noma ngokuzenzakalelayo - kulokhu ikhompyutha inquma algorithm kunesidingo, kanye iqhaza ngqo umsebenzisi.

Ngemva kokuhlola timphawu letitinkhomba computer njengoba ithuluzi umsebenzisi, cabangela izici ingxenye yayo hardware. Kulokhu, ukuthi kungaba Computing amadivayisi siqu okuqondene okuthiwa IBM-izakhiwo, ezivame kakhulu kuleli zwe.

izingxenye PC hardware

PC Modern - a izakhiwo computer ehlanganisa kumadivaysi amaningana. Nezobuchwepheshe, ngamunye okhona njengamanje owenza umsebenzi ezimele, kodwa usebenza ngokuhlukile kwezinye - izinzuzo ezingokoqobo umnikazi we-PC - bengayi. Yini izingxenye abakhona kule nokwakheka amakhompyutha zanamuhla? Phakathi kwalabo:

• uhlelo iyunithi (okuyinto yena, zitholakala: processor, umbadlana, RAM, drive kanzima, video kanye umsindo amakhadi, amadivayisi kunethiwekhi, oshayelayo disk);
• ukuqapha;
• ukulawula izindlela (ikhibhodi, igundane, futhi analogs yalo);
• izesekeli (abanyathelisi, ama-scanner nama nokunye. d.).

Kuye ukucushwa yezingxenye idatha PC kungenzeka amayunithi ehlukile noma ibe inkundla olulodwa hardware. Esimweni sokuqala, computer kuyoba uhlobo "ideskithophu" ukuthi ifanele ukuba adale indawo elikhulu etafuleni ngaphandle ukunyakaza njalo kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. In the yesibili - PC ngeke cishe esakhiwe ngesimo laptop. Kukhona inguqulo Lesisemkhatsini zenhlangano PC - njengendlela "monoblock". Sihlanganisa cishe zonke ezikhethiwe izingxenye hardware, ngaphandle Izilawuli - basuke exhunywe computer ngokwehlukile.

Lawa eziyisisekelo iyunithi computer. Imisebenzi yazo ukufunda nalo luyoba usizo, futhi kungcono - umsebenzi wethu olandelayo.

Imisebenzi yezingxenye PC: processor

Processor - main ikhompyutha chip ikhompyutha. Njengomthetho, lena kakhulu zobuchwepheshe futhi kuyabiza ingxenye PC. Uhlelo i-PC ayatholakala nje amafemu ezimbalwa emhlabeni. Bangaphezu kuka-90% wemakethe izwe elalihlala izinkampani ezimbili - Intel futhi AMD. Isakhi esiyinhloko index ukusebenza Pc - ukuvama imisebenzi. Ivame ulinganiswa gigahertz, noma GHz. Ayanda imvamisa, ngokushesha chip wenza izibalo ezidingekayo.

Futhi, inkomba abalulekile processor ukusebenza - inani cores. Lapho, ukuya ngokuqina elihambisana hardware ingxenye. Yini izici processor ikhompyutha yakho kungenziwa ngokuthi ukhiye? Singasho ukuthi ngokuvamile ziyefana nalezo ezenziwa PC iyonke: yokusingatha, ezihambayo, isitoreji, egciniwe, ukuphathwa ifayela. Ngale ndlela singakwazi umsuka ukuqakatheka processor endaweni ikhompyutha yakho ngayinye.

umbadlana

Umbadlana - kekulu PC chip. Yena unesibopho nokuhlanganisela yezingxenye hardware ezihlukahlukene kukhompyutha yakho. Okukuwo processor, drive kanzima, inkumbulo, alalelwayo video amakhadi, inethiwekhi adapters. Ngo oyiyo efanayo - terminals main aqondana zangaphandle PC izesekeli. I umbadlana, kanye processor inesikhombisi isivinini, wezwakalisa njengoba imvamisa. Ngokuvamile, inketho afanele uhlobo izingxenye hardware kuhilela izibalo nesizotha kuka CPUs, futhi azifani e gigahertz, futhi megahertz. Kodwa kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho. Kukhona ukusebenza okuphezulu motherboards ukuthi isebenze at a imvamisa esashiwo ngokufanayo nje e gigahertz.

uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula

PC RAM, noma RAM - lokhu chipset, lapho ukubekwa kwesikhashana idatha digital Computing izinqubo. isisetshenziswa ezifanele, ngokuvamile isebenzisa processor. Eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile inkumbulo sekhompyutha - ukuthuthukiswa exchange okusheshayo idatha phakathi kwamakhompyutha, kanye kudalwa hardware imvelo ekhethekile ukulayisha izinhlelo. Uhlobo oluthile software kungenziwa run kuphela uma PC RAM khulula.

ivolumu - inkomba eyinhloko ukusebenza RAM. Ukuthi kuyini, aba maningi ukubaluleka kwengosi kuba afanayo Imininingwane zingafakwa kumemori. Enye elithile ukusebenza lunikeza hardware ingxenye, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-processor noma umbadlana, - imvamisa. Ayanda kunjalo, lo ngokushesha inkumbulo usebenza. Enye inkomba obalulekile ukusebenza RAM - ubungako bokudlulisa. Iveza kangakanani wefayela zingahlungwa kucezu isikhathi iqoqo isikhathi. Ukuthi kuyini, lunikeza hardware ingxenye ishesha. Umthamo we inkumbulo, kanye namanye amadivayisi, okuyinto sici sale isici lubonakaliswa megabits ngomzuzwana, futhi ukusebenza okuphezulu onobuhle - gigabits ngomzuzwana. Igama elithi "i-bandwidth 'linenani bomcondvofana - isibonelo," Isiteshi izinga "(noma" ibhasi "," Slots "," Imbobo ").

Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi processor, umbadlana kanye inkumbulo - kumadivayisi ngezinga elithile obhekene yokuthi ngesivinini esingakanani PC izosebenza nendlela ezizosebenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo computer. Uma zemisebenzi efanele izingxenye hardware ziphansi, ukufeza ukwanda lokungena oyiyo, kunzima PC isivinini ngezithukuthuku namanye amadivayisi. Nokho, bona kanye nezici zabo nayo ibalulekile kusukela umbono ukuqaliswa imisebenzi ledzingekako PC. Cabanga imininingwane kulezi zingxenye.

idrayivu kanzima

idrayivu Hard - idivayisi yakhelwe unomphela amafayela ukubekwa. Ngakho, iBombela ngokuya umsebenzi computer njengoba isitoreji idatha. I kanzima Imininingwane disk ubekwe izimiso kuchaziwe ohlelweni ifayela esetshenziswa PC.

Inkomba esemqoka ukusebenza yokubika hardware ingxenye - ivolumu. Lokho okungukuthi, elibaluleke kakhulu ukubaluleka uxhaxha amafayela zingafakwa kwi-hard disk. Enye inkomba obalulekile ukusebenza le ngxenye - njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-RAM, lokhu-bandwidth. Ayanda njengoba linjalo, njengeliyiZwi ngokushesha idatha ukufunda ebhaliwe disk hard, okuyinto liyithinta ngokuqondile ku ijubane ikhompyutha yakho.

ikhadi Isiqophi futhi qapha

Uma ukhumbule lokho imisebenzi lwenziwa yikhompyutha okuqondene isigaba amadivayisi Computing siqu, inhlangano yokuqala thina ezingase zivele kusukela ihluzo processing. PC isetshenziswa njengoba ithuluzi ngokudala nokuhlela izithombe, ama-movie, izithombe kusuka imidlalo yama-computer neyama ukuxazulula neminye imisebenzi eminingi efanayo. Ukhiye izingxenye hardware lababukene nekwetfulwa ngempumelelo imisebenzi ehlukene PC - ikhadi futhi ukuqapha. Idivayisi yesibili unesibopho okubonakalayo ukubonisa ulwazi oluthile kuyaqondakala umsebenzisi. I izici eyinhloko qapha - idayagonali futhi isixazululo. Ngokuphathelene ukhetho lokuqala - konke kuncike izintandokazi subjective umsebenzisi. qapha isinqumo, esikhundleni salokho, kufanele kube sezingeni eliphezulu ukuthi ihluzo zazenziwe izinga okusezingeni futhi icacile.

Ikhadi isiqophi obangela ihluzo processing futhi silubonisa qapha. Le divayisi itholakala, ngokuvamile phezu umbadlana. Kodwa kwezinye tinkhulumo PC, ngokuvamile ngo-laptops, i-chip elihambisana kuhlanganiswe processor, okungukuthi, kuba ingxenye yabaphathi Hardware. Isici esiyinhloko kwevidiyo - ubungako bokudlulisa. Ayanda kunjalo, aba maningi umthamo kwemininingwane isithombe elihambisana ihadiwe ingxenye bakwazi ukucubungula. Esinye isici esibalulekile ikhadi ividiyo - inani inkumbulo esakhelwe kulo.

Umsindo

PC Izici ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukucutshungulwa komsindo. Isihluthulelo hardware ingxenye obhekene ikhambi lezinkinga ezinjalo - ikhadi umsindo. It is ikakhulukazi esisogwini umbadlana njengoba idivayisi ehlukile. Kodwa kukhona umsindo yakhiwe singene ngobukhulu PC chip. ukusebenza izici Basic elihambisana hardware ingxenye - amandla esignali kanye nobuningi izibonelo zalokho. Umngcele we-lokuqala ulinganiswa decibel angu noma DB, kwesibili - kaningi kilohertz, noma kHz. Okungenhla izici ezimbili - i-umsindo kuzodlalwa ikhompyutha kangcono.

amadivaysi zokuxhumana

amakhompyutha eziningi zanamuhla usebenza amanethiwekhi - ngokuphathelene ikhaya PC ke ngokuyisisekelo kucatshangwa banayo i-inthanethi. Enterprise PC, kanye abanye ekhaya, Yebo, ungakwazi futhi yakha inethiwekhi yendawo.

Compound ikhompyutha namanye amadivayisi wekhompyutha ngu abafanele izingxenye hardware. Ngokuvamile, Iseluleki Sokufaka Iphrinta Yenethiwekhi - chip ubekwe umbadlana noma njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-ikhadi umsindo, ngezinye izikhathi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kuwo. Ukuze kungaba xhuma ikhebula kusuka ku-ISP kanye ngalokho lunikeze ukufinyelela kukhompyutha Inthanethi.

yesimanje inethiwekhi adapters Abaningi ongasebenza ngaphandle kwezintambo - ngobuchwepheshe-Wi-Fi. Kulokhu, computer yokuqala uxhumeke router wireless, noma router, kona okungaholela lunikezwe ukusuka kumhlinzeki ikhebula.

Kukhona okuthiwa modems mobile - amadivayisi uxhumeke kwi-PC ngokuvamile ngokusebenzisa omunye nezimbobo we umbadlana bayakwazi ukuletha ikhompyutha ku-intanethi nge-mobile-opharetha wenethiwekhi. Lokho ophakathi kwabo iyona le-SIM kanye nomnikazi ukudweba le ehhovisi opharetha tariff esikhethekile ukusebenzisa i-Internet.

Isici esiyinhloko lawo wonke amadivayisi kunethiwekhi - ubungako bokudlulisa. Ayanda njengoba linjalo, njengeliyiZwi ngokushesha, isibonelo, ukulanda amafayela kusuka ku-intanethi.

PC Izilawuli: Ikhibhodi igundane

Iningi cishe umninikhaya PC ukuphathwa ithuluzi - ikhibhodi. Ukusetshenziswa esisebenzayo zedivayisi Computing ngaphandle kunzima kakhulu. Imisebenzi esemqoka ikhibhodi computer: idatha wokokufaka, kanye nokunikeza ukubandakanya kwabasebenzisi PC ngokuthumela e ngcondvomshini amasignali ethize nokhiye ngabanye noma inhlanganisela yawo. Uhlanganisa kule divayisi ngokuvamile komunye emachwebeni of the motherboard. Kodwa kukhona izesekeli engenantambo yohlobo olufanele. Imisebenzi ethile yekhibhodi ikhompyutha lingacushwa ngumsebenzisi, nakuba zikhona eziningana namazinga omhlaba, okuyinto abakhiqizi idivayisi, kanye abathanda ubuchwepheshe bama-computer, ngokuvamile, zama ukuba banamathele.

Ezimweni eziningi, le kwekhibhodi ye-PC is kwahambisana by nezinye izesekeli - igundane. It yakhelwe ukwenza lula ukuhileleka kweminyango umsebenzisi kwezinsiza ikhompyutha bese ukusheshisa ikhambi izinkinga ezithile. Mouse kakhulu okuphindiwe nemisebenzi nge-computer - kahle, by ukunyakaza ezifanele anganika PC yakho noma elinye iqembu. Kanye uchungechunge ephambene imisebenzi ethize eyenziwa igundane (isib ukulawula umdlalo uhlamvu e umdlalo) Kungenzeka kwenziwe usebenzisa ikhibhodi.

Izingxenye ezisemqoka ekhompyutheni nemisebenzi yabo, siye safunda le. Kodwa kukhona inala izesekeli ukuthi umphelelisi eziyisisekelo hardware izingxenye PC. Cabanga imininingwane yalolu ezivamile - abaprintayo kanye scanner. Azuza abasebenzisi abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa kanye ukuthengwa kwe-computer.

PC izesekeli: abaprintayo kanye scanner

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi amadivaysi computer nemisebenzi yabo zihlukile, avame kubhekwe emongweni ofanayo. Lokhu kuyaqondakala: Iphrintha kunyatheliswa ulwazi kusuka PC ephepheni, ama-scanner - kunalokho, it is busuka computer, turning ngephepha efomini yedijithali. Kukhona izingxenye hardware ukuthi sihlanganise umsebenzi abaprintayo kanye scanner - amadivayisi multi-umsebenzi, noma MFP. Njengomthetho, bona Ubuye umsebenzi we imishini yokukopisha.

Njalo is ngokucacile of isebenze zanamuhla kumadivayisi Computing siqu. Ezikoleni lanamuhla, avame wafunda izingane ubudala bokuqala. Othisha abaningi banamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi elilungile lobudala we unomntwana okudingeka ukwazi izimpawu ezisemqoka computer - Ibanga 3. Ikhompyutha isebangeni e zezikole lanamuhla nto ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wena kufanele bayazi kahle izingane.